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 CONTENTS

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction: The Five-Step Program

STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Plan

1 What You Need to Know About the AP Calculus AB Exam
1.1 What Is Covered on the AP Calculus AB Exam?
1.2 What Is the Format of the AP Calculus AB Exam?
1.3 What Are the Advanced Placement Exam Grades?
How Is the AP Calculus AB Exam Grade Calculated?
1.4 Which Graphing Calculators Are Allowed for the Exam?
Calculators and Other Devices Not Allowed for the AP
Calculus AB Exam
Other Restrictions on Calculators
2 How to Plan Your Time
2.1 Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Calculus AB
Exam
Overview of the Three Plans
2.2 Calendar for Each Plan
Summary of the Three Study Plans

STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness

3 Take a Diagnostic Exam
3.1 Getting Started!
 3.2 Diagnostic Test
3.3 Answers to Diagnostic Test
3.4 Solutions to Diagnostic Test
3.5 Calculate Your Score
Short-Answer Questions
AP Calculus AB Diagnostic Test

STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success

4 How to Approach Each Question Type
4.1 The Multiple-Choice Questions
4.2 The Free-Response Questions
4.3 Using a Graphing Calculator
4.4 Taking the Exam
What Do I Need to Bring to the Exam?
Tips for Taking the Exam

STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High

5 Review of Precalculus
5.1 Lines
Slope of a Line
Equations of a Line
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
5.2 Absolute Values and Inequalities
Absolute Values
Inequalities and the Real Number Line
Solving Absolute Value Inequalities
Solving Polynomial Inequalities
Solving Rational Inequalities
5.3 Functions
Definition of a Function
 Operations on Functions
Inverse Functions
Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
5.4 Graphs of Functions
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Intercepts and Zeros
Odd and Even Functions
Shifting, Reflecting, and Stretching Graphs
5.5 Rapid Review
5.6 Practice Problems
5.7 Cumulative Review Problems
5.8 Solutions to Practice Problems
5.9 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems

Big Idea 1: Limits

6 Limits and Continuity
6.1 The Limit of a Function
Definition and Properties of Limits
Evaluating Limits
One-Sided Limits
Squeeze Theorem
6.2 Limits Involving Infinities
Infinite Limits (as x → a)
Limits at Infinity (as x →±∞)
Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes
6.3 Continuity of a Function
Continuity of a Function at a Number
Continuity of a Function over an Interval
Theorems on Continuity
 6.4 Rapid Review
6.5 Practice Problems
6.6 Cumulative Review Problems
6.7 Solutions to Practice Problems
6.8 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems

Big Idea 2: Derivatives

7 Differentiation
7.1 Derivatives of Algebraic Functions
Definition of the Derivative of a Function
Power Rule
The Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient Rules
The Chain Rule
7.2 Derivatives of Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric,
Exponential, and Logarithmic Functions
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
7.3 Implicit Differentiation
Procedure for Implicit Differentiation
7.4 Approximating a Derivative
7.5 Derivatives of Inverse Functions
7.6 Higher Order Derivatives
7.7 L’Hôpital’s Rule for Indeterminate Forms
7.8 Rapid Review
7.9 Practice Problems
7.10 Cumulative Review Problems
7.11 Solutions to Practice Problems
7.12 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems
8 Graphs of Functions and Derivatives
 8.1 Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorem, and Extreme
Value Theorem
Rolle’s Theorem
Mean Value Theorem
Extreme Value Theorem
8.2 Determining the Behavior of Functions
Test for Increasing and Decreasing Functions
First Derivative Test and Second Derivative Test for
Relative Extrema
Test for Concavity and Points of Inflection
8.3 Sketching the Graphs of Functions
Graphing without Calculators
Graphing with Calculators
8.4 Graphs of Derivatives
8.5 Rapid Review
8.6 Practice Problems
8.7 Cumulative Review Problems
8.8 Solutions to Practice Problems
8.9 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems
9 Applications of Derivatives
9.1 Related Rate
General Procedure for Solving Related Rate Problems
Common Related Rate Problems
Inverted Cone (Water Tank) Problem
Shadow Problem
Angle of Elevation Problem
9.2 Applied Maximum and Minimum Problems
General Procedure for Solving Applied Maximum and
Minimum Problems
Distance Problem
 Area and Volume Problems
Business Problems
9.3 Rapid Review
9.4 Practice Problems
9.5 Cumulative Review Problems
9.6 Solutions to Practice Problems
9.7 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems
10 More Applications of Derivatives
10.1 Tangent and Normal Lines
Tangent Lines
Normal Lines
10.2 Linear Approximations
Tangent Line Approximation (or Linear Approximation)
Estimating the nth Root of a Number
Estimating the Value of a Trigonometric Function of an
Angle
10.3 Motion Along a Line
Instantaneous Velocity and Acceleration
Vertical Motion
Horizontal Motion
10.4 Rapid Review
10.5 Practice Problems
10.6 Cumulative Review Problems
10.7 Solutions to Practice Problems
10.8 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems

Big Idea 3: Integrals and the Fundamental Theorems of

Calculus
11 Integration
11.1 Evaluating Basic Integrals
 Antiderivatives and Integration Formulas
Evaluating Integrals
11.2 Integration by U-Substitution
The U-Substitution Method
U-Substitution and Algebraic Functions
U-Substitution and Trigonometric Functions
U-Substitution and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
U-Substitution and Logarithmic and Exponential
Functions
11.3 Rapid Review
11.4 Practice Problems
11.5 Cumulative Review Problems
11.6 Solutions to Practice Problems
11.7 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems
12 Definite Integrals
12.1 Riemann Sums and Definite Integrals
Sigma Notation or Summation Notation
Definition of a Riemann Sum
Definition of a Definite Integral
Properties of Definite Integrals
12.2 Fundamental Theorems of Calculus
First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
12.3 Evaluating Definite Integrals
Definite Integrals Involving Algebraic Functions
Definite Integrals Involving Absolute Value
Definite Integrals Involving Trigonometric,
Logarithmic, and Exponential Functions
Definite Integrals Involving Odd and Even Functions
12.4 Rapid Review
 12.5 Practice Problems
12.6 Cumulative Review Problems
12.7 Solutions to Practice Problems
12.8 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems
13 Areas and Volumes
13.1 The Function
13.2 Approximating the Area Under a Curve
Rectangular Approximations
Trapezoidal Approximations
13.3 Area and Definite Integrals
Area Under a Curve
Area Between Two Curves
13.4 Volumes and Definite Integrals
Solids with Known Cross Sections
The Disc Method
The Washer Method
13.5 Rapid Review
13.6 Practice Problems
13.7 Cumulative Review Problems
13.8 Solutions to Practice Problems
13.9 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems
14 More Applications of Definite Integrals
14.1 Average Value of a Function
Mean Value Theorem for Integrals
Average Value of a Function on [a, b]
14.2 Distance Traveled Problems
14.3 Definite Integral as Accumulated Change
Business Problems
Temperature Problem
 Leakage Problem
Growth Problem
14.4 Differential Equations
Exponential Growth/Decay Problems
Separable Differential Equations
14.5 Slope Fields
14.6 Rapid Review
14.7 Practice Problems
14.8 Cumulative Review Problems
14.9 Solutions to Practice Problems
14.10 Solutions to Cumulative Review Problems

STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

AP Calculus AB Practice Exam 1
AP Calculus AB Practice Exam 2

ELITE STUDENT EDITION 5 Minutes to a 5

180 Activities and Questions in 5 Minutes a Day

Appendix
Bibliography
 PREFACE

Congratulations! You are an AP Calculus student. Not too shabby! As you

know, AP Calculus is one of the most challenging subjects in high school.
You are studying mathematical ideas that helped change the world. Not that
long ago, calculus was taught at the graduate level. Today, smart young
people like yourself study calculus in high school. Most colleges will give
you credit if you score a 3 or more on the AP Calculus exam.
So how do you do well on the AP Calculus exam? How do you get a 5?
Well, you’ve already taken the first step. You’re reading this book. The next
thing you need to do is to make sure that you understand the materials and
do the practice problems. In recent years, the AP Calculus exam has gone
through many changes. For example, today the questions no longer stress
long and tedious algebraic manipulations. Instead, you are expected to be
able to solve a broad range of problems, including problems presented to
you in the form of a graph, a chart, or a word problem. For many of the
questions, you are also expected to use your calculator to find the solutions.
After having taught AP Calculus for many years and having spoken to
students and other calculus teachers, we understand some of the difficulties
that students might encounter with the AP Calculus exam. For example,
some students have complained about not being able to visualize what the
question was asking and other students said that even when the solution was
given, they could not follow the steps. Under these circumstances, who
wouldn’t be frustrated? In this book, we have addressed these issues.
Whenever possible, problems are accompanied by diagrams and solutions
are presented in a step-by-step manner. The graphing calculator is used
extensively whenever it is permitted. To make things even easier, this book
begins with a chapter that reviews precalculus. So if you need to look up a
formula, definition, or concept in precalculus, it is right here in the book. If
you’re familiar with these concepts, you might skip this chapter and begin
with Chapter 6.
So how do you get a 5 on the AP Calculus exam?
Step 1: Set up your study program by selecting one of the three study plans
in Chapter 2 of this book.
Step 2: Determine your test readiness by taking the diagnostic Exam in
Chapter 3.
Step 3: Develop strategies for success by learning the test-taking techniques
offered in Chapter 4.
Step 4: Review the knowledge you need to score high by studying the
subject material in Chapter 5 through Chapter 14.
Step 5: Build your test-taking confidence by taking the practice exams
provided in this book.

As an old martial artist once said, “First you must understand. Then you
must practice.” Have fun and good luck!
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