Microwaves EE423

By
Dr Abdelhamid Albaraesi (Salem)
Elect. & Electron Engineering
University of Benghazi
 Course Outline
 Introduction to Microwaves.
 Transmission Line Theory.
 Smith Chart.
 Impedance Matching.
 Waveguides.
 Microwave Passive Components.
 Analysis of Microwave Networks.
 Microwave Resonators.
 Microwave Filters.
 Introduction to Microwaves

 Micro: Tiny (small) wavelengths (1 meter-1 mm) .

 Frequency of Microwave varies from 300 M Hz to 300 G Hz.

 Wavelength: λ=, for 300 M Hz: λ=.

 Different sources define different frequency ranges as microwaves. In all cases,

microwaves include the entire SHF band (3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1cm) at minimum.
Mw

Table 1 Frequency Band Designation.

Table 2 Microwave Frequency Band Designation.
 Because of the high frequencies (and short wavelengths), standard circuit theory often cannot be
used directly to solve microwave network problems.

 Standard circuit theory is an approximation, or special case, of the broader theory of

electromagnetics as described by Maxwell’s equations.
 ADVANTAGES OF MICROWAVES

 Large Bandwidth:
The Band width of Microwaves is larger than the common low frequency radio waves.Thus
more information can be transmitted using Microwaves.

 Small Size Antenna:

The size of antenna is inversely proportional to the transmitted frequency. Thus in
Microwaves with very high frequencies, the size of antenna is small.
 Microwave signals travel by line of sight and are not bent by the ionosphere as are
lower frequency signals. Satellite communication links with very high
capacities are therefore possible
 Antenna gain is proportional to the electrical size of the antenna. At higher frequencies,
more antenna gain can be obtained for a given physical antenna size, and this
has important consequences when implementing microwave systems
 APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVES

 The main application areas of Microwaves:

wireless networking and communications systems

 Radar and Remote Sensing
Medical Science
 Communication:
Microwaves are commonly used in communication transmissions.
 The cellular networks use Microwave frequencies for communication.
 Satellite systems also depend on Microwave technology.
 Military or Army also uses Microwaves in their communication system.

 Radar and Remote Sensing:

The most common application of Microwave is in RADAR systems.

 Medical Science:
Microwave properties are also used in Medical Science.