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Trends in Dietary Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake and Diet Quality Trends in Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods Among US Youths Aged
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Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Improved Type 2 Best of JAMA Network 2022

Diabetes Without Restricting Calories

Anita Slomski SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
JAMA. 2023;329(4):278. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.23559
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P eople with type 2 diabetes who ate a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet for 6 months had better
glycemic control than those who ate a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet, a recent trial reported, but
2023 for regularly scheduled maintenance.

the differences weren’t sustainable 3 months after the intervention.

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Trends in Dietary Carbohydrate, Protein,
and Fat Intake and Diet Quality Among US
Adults, 1999-2016
September 24, 2019

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Trends in Consumption of Ultraprocessed
Foods Among US Youths Aged 2-19 Years
August 10, 2021

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Intensivist / Critical Care Service

Bridgeport, Connecticut

The researchers noted that low-calorie diets that result in weight loss improve glycemic control and nonalcoholic Urgent Care / Family Medicine Physician
fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but that these diets are challenging to follow over the long term. The study investi- (MD/DO) - GoHealth
gated whether a diet that changed the macronutrient composition but did not restrict calories could lead to bet- Hartford, Connecticut

ter glycemic control without intentional weight loss. The trial was sponsored by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Cardiac Critical Care Intensivist
Hartford, Connecticut
The study involved 165 participants in Denmark who were randomly assigned to the LCHF diet consisting of 50%
Critical Care Intensivist MD/DO
to 60% fats, less than 20% carbohydrates, and 25% to 30% proteins or to the HCLF diet consisting of 50% to
Bridgeport, Connecticut
60% carbohydrates, 20% to 30% fats, and 20% to 25% proteins.
Cardiac Critical Care Physician
Hartford, Connecticut
There were no differences in improvements in NAFLD between the groups.
See more at JAMA Career Center
The LCHF group had greater improvements in hemoglobin A1c than the HCLF group. “The 9.5 mmol/mol (0.88%)
reduction in HbA1c in participants on the LCHF diet is similar to many antidiabetic medications, such as dipeptidyl
peptidase-4 antagonists, sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 antagonists, and sulfonylureas,” the authors wrote in
the Annals of Internal Medicine. The LCHF group reported more hypoglycemic episodes, but none were severe.

The LCHF group also lost more weight and decreased waist circumference, which the authors noted may partly
explain the positive effects in hemoglobin A1c concentrations. But the LCHF group also consumed more calories
than the HCLF group, suggesting “that weight loss may not only be caused by a reduction in total calorie intake
but also by the difference in macronutrient composition,” the authors wrote. Both groups had higher high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol and lower triglycerides at 6 months.

However, the differences were not maintained 3 months after the intervention, which suggests that long-term
dietary changes are required to realize health benefits, the authors concluded.

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Diet Lifestyle Behaviors Diabetes Diabetes and Endocrinology

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Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Intervention Racial and Ethnic Differences in Low-Carbohydrate Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed
on Hemoglobin A 1c Diet and Mortality Foods and Cognitive Decline
JAMA Network Open | Research | October 26, 2022 JAMA Network Open | Research | October 20, 2022 JAMA Neurology | Research | February 1, 2023
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