YBM(한상호)

영어 5.How to Win Over Someone's Mind~6.The Most Efficient Job in the

1 World

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는
1) 제작연월일 : 2022-09-24
콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부 또는 일부를 무단으로 복
2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
법에 의한 법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.

⑤ stability …… alleviate …… defended

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
When we do something that we do not like, the
level of (A) [difficulty / stability] is broken, and we
feel unhappy. If there is a conflict between our
thoughts and our actions (cognitive dissonance),
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
we will change one or the other to (B) [alleviate /
elevate] the strife. After lending Franklin the book,
Franklin's enemy experienced cognitive
dissonance. He felt troubled because he was doing
something nice for someone he disliked. Feeling
anxious and unhappy, he had to find a way to
resolve his feelings. The easiest way for him to do
that was to change how he thought about
Franklin. He (C) [denied / defended] doing the
favor by telling himself that Franklin was not a
bad person after all and convinced himself that he
actually liked Franklin. Is there someone with
whom you would like to have a better
relationship? Try asking that person for a small
favor, such as lending you a pencil or watching
your bag while you go to the restroom. Then see
if their feelings toward you change. The ________
______________________.
1. zb 1) 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 적절한 것을 [보기]의
단어를 배열하여 완성하시오.
[보기]
feelings / that / are / will / they / their / you
/ chances / change / toward
How can it be that we feel more positive toward
people for whom we do favors? (A)그것은 심리학자
들이 '인지부조화'라고 부르는 것 때문이다.” We want
our actions and our thoughts to be in harmony.
When we do something that we do not like, the
balance is broken, and we feel unhappy. If there
is a conflict between our thoughts and our actions
(cognitive dissonance), we will change one or the
other to relieve the conflict. After lending Franklin
the book, Franklin's enemy experienced cognitive
dissonance. He felt troubled because he was doing
something nice for someone he disliked. Feeling
anxious and unhappy, he had to find a way to
resolve his feelings. The easiest way for him to do
that was ______________(B)____________________.
He justified doing the favor by telling himself that
Franklin was not a bad person after all and
convinced himself that he actually liked Franklin.
Is there someone with whom you would like to
have a better relationship? Try asking that person
for a small favor, such as lending you a pencil or
watching your bag while you go to the restroom.
Then see if their feelings toward you change. The
chances are they will.

⇒ The ________________________________________. 3. zb 3 ) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말 뜻에 맞게 필요한

어휘만을 <보기>에서 골라 알맞게 배열하여 문장을
완성하시오.

<보기>
because / that / which / what
2. zb 2) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말
refer to / as / of / psychologists
로 가장 적절한 것은?

(A) (B) (C)

답: It is ______________________________________
① difficulty …… alleviate …… denied “cognitive dissonance.“
② difficulty …… elevate …… denied
③ difficulty …… alleviate …… defended
④ stability …… elevate …… defended

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 6. zb 6 ) 위 글 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한
4. zb 4) 위 글의 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것 것은?
은?
(A) (B) (C)
① to be extra nice to Franklin ① hired has used rating
② to become rivals and compete ② hired had used rated
③ to ask Franklin a favor and thank him ③ was hired had used rating
④ to change how he thought about Franklin ④ was hired had used rated
⑤ to realize Franklin was a respectable person ⑤ was hired has used rated

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
7. zb 7 ) 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

About 80 students were invited to participate in ① realized they had a lot in common with him
an experiment and were told they would be given ② had bad feelings for him and thought little of
some money after a series of tests. A researcher him
(A) [hired / was hired] and made the students
③ forgave his rude behaviors by asking a favor of
dislike him by being rude to them. The students
him
took the tests and were all awarded the promised
④ felt more positive toward him after returning his
money. They were then divided into three groups.
money
Group 1 was asked by the researcher to return
some of the prize money. He explained that he (B) ⑤ had a positive impact on his decision by giving
[has used / had used] his own money for the some advice
tests and the study was in danger of running out
of funds. Group 2 was asked by a secretary to
return some of the money to the institution
because the budget was running low. Group 3 was
not asked to return any money. Afterward, all
three groups were asked to rate how much they ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

liked the researcher. The people in Group 1, who
had done the researcher a personal favor by
returning some of the money, (C) [rating / rated]
the researcher the highest. Despite the fact that
they had had a bad impression of him during the
experiment, they ______________________________.
5. zb 5) 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
① 연구원은 학생들이 자신을 싫어하게 만들었다.
② 학생들은 실험에 참가한 후에 약속된 돈을 받았다.
③ Group 1은 연구자에게 상금의 일부를 돌려달라고 했
다.
④ Group 2는 받은 돈의 일부를 연구소에 반납할 것을 요
청 받았다.
⑤ Group 3은 어떤 돈도 반납해달라는 요청을 받지 않았
다.
It is commonly thought that if you want people
who do not like you ⓐto like you, you should do
favors for them. However, if you want to try to
create a connection with someone who does not
like you, ⓑask that person to do you a favor is
more effective. To test this phenomenon, a
psychologist performed an experiment and came
to the same conclusion.
About 80 students were invited to participate in
an experiment and were told they would be given
some money after a series of tests. A researcher
was hired and made the students ⓒdislike him by
being rude to them. The students took the tests
and were all awarded the promised money. They
were then divided into three groups. Group 1 was
asked by the researcher to return some of the
prize money. He explained that he had used his
own money for the tests and the study was in
danger of ⓓrunning out of funds. Group 2 was
asked by a secretary to return some of the money
to the institution because the budget was running

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low. Group 3 was not asked to return any money.
Afterward, all three groups were asked to rate
how much they liked the researcher. The people
in Group 1, who had done the researcher a
_____(A)_____ favor by returning some of the
money, rated the researcher the highest. Despite
the fact that they ⓔhad had a bad impression of
him during the experiment, they had more
_____(B)_____ feelings for him after returning “his
money.”
8. zb 8) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ ~ ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 것은?
① ⓐ to like ② ⓑ ask
③ ⓒ dislike ④ ⓓ running
broken, and we feel unhappy. If there is a conflict
between our thoughts and our actions (cognitive
dissonance), we will change one or the other to
relieve the conflict. After lending Franklin the
book, Franklin's enemy experienced cognitive
dissonance. He felt troubled because he was doing
something nice for someone he disliked. Feeling
anxious and unhappy, he had to find a way to
resolve his feelings. The easiest way for him to do
that was to change how he thought about
Franklin. He justified doing the favor by telling
himself that Franklin was not a bad person after
all and convinced himself that he actually liked
Franklin.

⑤ ⓔ had had 11.

zb 1 1) 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 위 글 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈
말과 같은 것이 쓰이는 것은?

① It seems __________ people are trying their best.

9. zb 9) 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
① 자신을 싫어하는 사람에게 친절을 베풀어야 한다.
② 학생들은 두 그룹으로 나뉘어 실험에 참여했다.
③ 1그룹 학생들은 연구자에게 무례하게 행동했다.
④ 2그룹 학생들은 비서에게 받은 돈을 모두 돌려주었다.
⑤ 1그룹 학생들이 연구자를 가장 호의적으로 평가하였다.
② Our intelligence is __________ differentiates us
from animals.
③ People should know __________ everyone is
different.
④ Stop everything __________ you are doing for a
moment.
⑤ I will visit the office __________ I have worked.

12.
zb 1 2) 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
10. zb 10) 위 글의 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝 ① Cognitive dissonance is a situation where one's
지은 것은? thoughts and actions are in harmony.
(A) (B) ② When people experience cognitive dissonance,
① public positive they feel comfortable.

② public negative ③ Franklin experienced cognitive dissonance after

borrowing the book.
③ impersonal neutral
④ Franklin's enemy changed his action to relieve
④ personal positive
cognitive dissonance.
⑤ personal negative
⑤ Franklin's enemy justified doing the favor in
order to resolve his uncomfortable feelings.

※ 다음 글을 읽고 질문에 답하시오.
How can it be that we feel more positively 13.
zb 1 3) 다음 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 내용으로 가장 적
toward people for whom we do favors? It is 절한 것은?
because of ___(A)___ psychologists refer to as
Benjamin Franklin sent a letter to his enemy
“cognitive dissonance.” We want our actions and
asking for a favor. He asked the man to lend him
our thoughts to be in harmony. When we do
a very rare and valuable book, one that he knew
something that we do not like, the balance is

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the man had in his personal library. The man
immediately sent him the book. Franklin read the
book and returned it with a note of thanks. The
next time Franklin met his enemy, the man was
much nicer to him. They eventually became
friends and remained so for the rest of their lives.
In his autobiography, Franklin explained what
happened. Franklin wrote, "He that has once done
you a kindness will be more ready to do you
another." By asking a small favor of his enemy,
Franklin gave the man a chance to do him a
kindness. This turned his enemy into a friend.
Today this phenomenon is known as the Benjamin
Franklin effect. To test the Benjamin Franklin
effect, a psychologist performed an experiment
and came to the same conclusion.
① the errors of Benjamin Franklin
② the fake history of Benjamin Franklin
③ the wrong naming of this phenomenon
④ the result of the warmhearted forgiveness
⑤ the psychologist's experiment process
conclusion
14.
zb 14) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오
Afterward, all three groups were asked to rate
how much they liked the researcher.
About 80 students were invited to participate in
an experiment and were told they would be given
some money after a series of tests. A researcher
was hired and made the students dislike him by
being rude to them. The students took the tests
and were all awarded the promised money. They
were then divided into three groups. Group 1 was
asked by the researcher to return some of the
prize money. ( ① ) He explained that he had used
his own money for the tests and the study was in
danger of running out of funds. ( ② ) Group 2
was asked by a secretary to return some of the
money to the institution because the budget was
running low. Group 3 was not asked to return any
money. ( ③ ) The people in Group 1, who had
done the researcher a personal favor by returning
some of the money, rated the researcher the
highest. ( ④ ) Despite the fact that they had had
a bad impression of him during the experiment,
they had more positive feelings for him after
returning “his money.” ( ⑤ ) How can it be that
we feel more positive toward people for whom we
do favors?
① ②
③ ④
⑤
15.
zb 1 5) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것을 2
개 고르시오.
Have you ever known someone ①whom you just
did not get along? Maybe it was someone you had
difficulty working with or it could have been
someone you were always arguing with. This kind
of situation can leave you ②wondering what to
do. Should you ignore them, be extra nice to
them, or stand up to them? If you have ever been
and
confused about what you ③should do, you are not
alone. ④Fortunately for us, Benjamin Franklin, the
American politician and inventor, ⑤coming up
with an answer more than 200 years ago.
※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
Today approximately 5,000 dabbawalas cover 70
square kilometers in and around Mumbai. They
conduct about 400,000 transactions daily – 200,000
lunch boxes are delivered to offices every
morning, six days a week, and 200,000 are
returned home every afternoon. (가) They even
deliver in the pouring rain and during political
strife. Surprisingly, (A) hardly / frequently any
cases of late or mistaken delivery are ever
reported. Their motto is "error is horror."
The dabbawalas are proud of their 99.99 percent
accuracy rate, (나) which means just one mistake
in every six million deliveries. It is an amazing
record, considering that most of the dabbawalas
are illiterate and that not a single piece of paper
is used in the delivery process. The secret to this
error-free system is in a (B) coding / delivery
system. Each dabba carries a code, painted with
different colors, numbers, and symbols. These
codes tell the dabbawala where the food comes
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from and which railway stations it must pass the nearest train station. ( ④ ) A third person
through on its way to a specific office in a rides on each of the trains with the dabbas.
specific building, in Mumbai. Finally, a fourth person picks up the boxes at the
receiving station and distribute them, again by
The dabbawala organization is an outstanding
bicycle, to each customer's office, all by 12:30
example of an effective distribution system. It is
p.m. ( ⑤ ) The empty dabbas are picked up by
simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating
5:00 p.m. and are returned to (C) [its / their]
cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer
original addresses by the same team, following the
satisfaction. It is not surprising, then, that
same procedure in reverse.
business schools and large corporations around
the world learn from the dabbawala system. 18.
zb 1 8) 윗글 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가
Today, most people cannot imagine an (C) efficient 장 적절한 것은?
/ unproductive delivery system operating without
(A) (B) (C)
the benefit of technology. Dabbawalas, however,
demonstrate that with no form of technology some ① reach …… assigning …… its
of the old ways may still be the best ways. ② to reach …… assigned …… its

16.
zb 16) 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가)와 (나)가 각각 무엇을 가리키 ③ to reach …… assigning …… their

는지 영어 혹은 우리말로 쓰시오. ④ reach …… assigned …… their

→ (가) They : __________________________________ ⑤ to reach …… assigned …… their

→ (나) which : _______________________________

19.
zb 1 9) 글의 흐름으로 보아 윗글 ①~⑤ 중 주어진 문장
이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
17.
zb 17) 글의 흐름상 (A)~(C)에 들어갈 말을 바르게 짝지
은 것은? Another person loads each dabba onto the right
train, sending them off in different directions.
(A) (B) (C)
① hardly coding efficient
② hardly coding unproductive
③ hardly delivery efficient
④ frequently coding unproductive
※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
⑤ frequently delivery unproductive
Why do Mumbai workers not take their lunch
boxes with them in the morning, when they leave
for the office? Those who have dabbawalas (a)
[delivered / deliver] their lunch boxes are mostly
middle-class office workers who live in one of
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Mumbai's suburbs. They have to leave for the
office early in the morning by trains which are
In Mumbai, many people who work in offices far
always (b) [packing / packed]. They don't want to
from home rely on an express food delivery
carry heavy lunch boxes in the crowded vehicles.
service run by dabbawalas. Dabbawalas are
(A)Since they do not carry anything with them,
delivery men who carry hot lunch boxes for
the workers can travel to work more easily. Also,
Mumbai office workers from their homes to their
they often have dietary restrictions, related to
offices. ( ① ) Most dabbas, or lunches, (A) [reach
their religion. Hindus do not eat beef, Muslims do
/ to reach] their destination after passing through
not eat pork, and Jains do not eat onions and
several pairs of hands. ( ② ) A typical scenario
potatoes. To meet their dietary needs, Indian
would have one person on a bicycle pick up a
workers prefer their home-cooked meals, made
dabba by 9:00 a.m. from about thirty different
especially for (c) [him / them].
addresses. ( ③ ) After collecting all of the dabbas
(B) [assigning / assigned] to him, he takes them to 20.
zb 2 0) 위 글을 다음과 같이 정리하고자 한다. 주어진 단

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 어를 사용하여 빈 칸에 들어갈 문장을 완성하시오. to their offices. The word dabbawala comes from
the Hindi dabba meaning “lunch box,” and wala
Why Mumbai People Rely on meaning “the person who carries it.”
Topic
Dabbawalas?
Most dabbas, or lunches, reach their destination
1, They don't want to carry after passing through several pairs of hands. A
heavy lunch boxes in the typical scenario would have one person on a
Reasons crowded trains. bicycle pick up a dabba by 9:00 a.m. from about
thirty different addresses. After collecting all of
2. They _____(depending)____. the dabbas assigned to him, he takes them to the
nearest train station. Another person loads each
They eat home-cooked meals dabba onto the right train, sending them off in
Result different directions. A third person rides on each
thanks to dabbawala service.
of the trains with the dabbas. Finally, a fourth
person picks up the boxes at the receiving station
Answer : They ________________________________. and distributes them, again by bicycle, to each
customer's office, all by 12:30 p.m. The empty
dabbas are picked up by 5:00 p.m. and are
returned to their original addresses by the same
team, following the same procedure in reverse.

21.
zb 21) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)를 분사구문으로 바꿔 쓰시 The dabbawala service began around 1890, when
오. a banker hired a young man to deliver a lunch
box from his home to his Mumbai office. Other
people liked the idea and copied it. When demand
Answer : ______________________________________
for the service expanded, a businessman started
the lunch-delivery service in its present format.
Now, more than 120 years later, the dabba is a
unique part of the Mumbai culture.

Why do Mumbai workers not take their lunch

22.
zb 22) (a), (b), (c)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현
boxes with them in the morning, when they leave
으로 가장 적절한 것은?
for the office? Those who use the dabbawala
(a) (b) (c) service are mostly middle-class office workers
① deliver packed them who live in one of Mumbai's suburbs. ( ⓐ ) They
have to leave for the office early in the morning,
② deliver packing them
riding on a packed train. ( ⓑ ) It would be
③ deliver packed him
difficult for them to carry their own dabba. ( ⓒ )
④ delivered packing them Hindus do not eat beef, Muslims do not eat pork,
⑤ delivered packed him and Jains do not eat onions and potatoes. ( ⓓ )
As a result, it is not easy for workers to find the
right food in restaurants near their office. ( ⓔ )
To meet their dietary needs, Indian workers prefer
their home-cooked meals, made especially for
them.
※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
23.
zb 2 3) 위 글을 읽고 알 수 있는 내용이 아닌 것은?
In India, many traditions are today being
challenged as a result of globalization. The ① meaning of dabbawala
practice of eating a home-cooked meal for lunch, ② how the dabbawala system works
however, continues. In Mumbai, many people who ③ how many transactions are conducted
work in offices far from home rely on an express
④ when the dabbawala service started
food delivery service run by dabbawalas.
Dabbawalas are delivery men who carry hot lunch ⑤ the reason people use the dabbawala service
boxes for Mumbai office workers from their homes

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 26.
zb 2 6) 주어진 글 (A) 다음에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게
배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
24.
zb 24) 글의 흐름으로 보아, ⓐ~ⓔ중 주어진 문장이 들어
① (B) - (C) - (D) ② (C) - (B) - (D)
가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
③ (C) - (D) - (B) ④ (D) - (B) - (C)
Also, they often have dietary restrictions,
⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)
depending upon their religion.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ
③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ
⑤ ⓔ

※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
(A)
Most dabbas, or lunches, reach their destination
after passing through several pairs of hands.
(B)
Another person loads each dabba onto the right
train, ⓐsending them off in different directions. A
third person rides on each of the trains with the
dabbas. Finally, a fourth person picks up the
boxes at the receiving station and ⓑdistributes
them, again by bicycle, to each customer's office,
all by 12:30 p.m.
(C)
A typical scenario would have one person on a
bicycle ⓒpicked up a dabba by 9:00 a.m. from
about thirty different addresses. After collecting all
of the dabbas ⓓassigned to him, he takes them to
the nearest train station.
(D)
The empty dabbas are picked up by 5:00 p.m.
and are returned to their original addresses by
the same team, ⓔfollowing the same procedure in
reverse.
In India, many traditions are today being
challenged as a result of globalization. The
practice of eating a home-cooked meal for lunch,
however, continues. In Mumbai, many people who
work in offices far from home rely on an express
food delivery service run by dabbawalas.
Dabbawalas are delivery men who carry hot lunch
boxes for Mumbai office workers from their homes
to their offices. The word dabbawala comes from
the Hindi dabba meaning “lunch box,” and wala
meaning “the person who carries it.”
The dabbawala service began around 1890, when
a banker hired a young man to deliver a lunch
box from his home to his Mumbai office. Other
people liked the idea and copied it. When demand
for the service expanded, a businessman started
the lunch-delivery service in its present format.
Now, more than 120 years later, the dabba is a
unique part of the Mumbai culture.
27.
zb 2 7) 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
① the origin and history of dabbawala delivery
service
② how dabbawala system has become globalized
③ how to globalize dabbawala delivery service
④ advantages of using lunch-delivery service
⑤ importance of protecting Indian traditions

25.
zb 25) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

① ⓐ ② ⓑ 28.
zb 2 8) 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ① 세계화로 인해 인도의 많은 전통이 세계로 알려지고 있
⑤ ⓔ 다.
② Mumbai의 주민들은 모두 사무직 노동자들이다.
③ dabbawala의 어원은 일부만 알려져 있다.
④ dabbawala의 기원에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없다.

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 ⑤ Mumbai에는 독특한 도시락 배달 서비스가 있다.

29.
zb 29) 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

The dabbawala organization is an outstanding

example of an efficient distribution system. ① It is
simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating
cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer
satisfaction. ② It is not surprising, then, that
business schools and large corporations around
the world learn from the dabbawala system. ③
Mumbai workers have been proud of the
dabbawala service since it began. ④ Today, most
people cannot imagine an efficient delivery system
operating without the benefit of technology. ⑤
Dabbawalas, however, demonstrate that with no
form of technology, some of the old ways may still
be the best ways.

30.
zb 30) 문맥상 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 말로
바르게 짝지어진 것은?

The dabbawala organization is an outstanding

example of an efficient distribution system. It is
simple, relies on teamwork, has a low operating
cost, and delivers almost 100 percent customer
satisfaction. ____(A)___, it is not surprising that
business schools and large corporations around
the world learn from the dabbawala system.
Today, most people cannot imagine an efficient
delivery system operating without the benefit of
technology. ____(B)___, dabbawalas demonstrate
that with no form of technology, some of the old
ways may still be the best ways.

(A) (B)
① In contrast … However
② For example … Likewise
③ For example … Similarly
④ Therefore … However
⑤ Therefore … Similarly

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1)[정답] chances are that they will change their
feelings toward you.
[해설] ‘좋은 관계를 형성하고 싶은 사람이 있다면,
그 사람에게 호의를 베풀어 줄 것을 요청해라.
그리고 너를 향한 감정이 변화하는지 지켜봐라.’
는 문장의 뒤에 빈칸이 이어지므로 빈칸에는 ‘그
들은 당신을 향한 감정을 바꿀 가능성이 충분하
다’는 의미가 들어가야 한다. The chances are
(that) …은 ‘아마 …일 것이다’는 의미로 이 구문
을 이용하여 영작해야 한다.
2)[정답] ⑤
[해설] (A) 우리가 하고 싶지 않은 것을 할 때 우리는
불쾌함을 느낀다고 했으므로 빈칸에는 ‘안정성’을
의미하는 stability가 들어가 ‘안정성의 정도가 무
너진다’고 말하는 것이 적절하다. (B) 인지 부조
화가 발생할 경우 갈등을 ‘완화하기 위해’ 생각
혹은 행동을 바꿀 것이라는 의미로 alleviate가
적절하다. (C) Franklin이 그렇게 나쁜 사람은
아니라고 스스로에게 말함으로써 그에게 선행을
베푼 것을 ‘옹호한다’고 말하는 것이 적절하다.
따라서 defended가 답이다.
3)[정답] because of what psychologists refer to
as
[해설] refer to A as B는 ‘A를 B라고 언급하다’는
의미로 이 문장에서는 A가 빠져있으므로 불완전
한 절을 이끄는 관계대명사 what을 써야 한다.
또한 what 관계사절은 명사의 역할을 하므로 접
속사가 아닌 구접속사 because of를 써야한다.
4)[정답] ④
[해설] 빈칸 뒤에서 ‘그는 Franklin이 나쁘지 않고 사
실 자신은 그를 좋아한다고 설득함으로써 호의를
베푼 행동을 정당화시켰다.’고 했으므로
Franklin의 경쟁자가 할 수 있는 가장 쉬운 방법
은 ④‘Franklin에 대한 자신의 생각을 바꾸는
것’이다.
5)[정답] ③
[해설] Group1은 연구자로부터 상금의 일부를 돌려
달라는 부탁을 받았으므로 ③이 일치하지 않는다.
6)[정답] ④
[해설] (A) 연구원이 ‘고용되었으므로’ 수동태형인
was hired가 적절하다. (B) 그가 설명한
(explained) 것 보다 돈을 쓴 것이 더 먼저 일어
난 일이므로 과거완료인 had used가 적절하다.
(C) 문장의 본동사자리이고 시제가 과거이므로
과거동사 rated가 적절하다.
7)[정답] ④
[해설] 연구자에게 호의를 베푼 Group 1이 그를 가
장 좋게 평가했다고 했으므로 빈칸에는 ④‘그의
돈을 돌려준 뒤 더욱 긍정적으로 느꼈다’가 적절
하다.
8)[정답] ②
[해설] ⓑ 문장의 동사는 is이므로 ask~a favor는 주
어임을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 ⓑ의 ask를 동명사
asking으로 바꾸어야 한다.
9)[정답] ⑤
[해설] ①자신을 싫어하는 사람에게 부탁을 하는 것이
관계에 효과적이다. ②세 그룹으로 나누었다. ③
연구자가 학생들에게 무례하게 굴었다. ④ 돈의
일부를 돌려주었다.
10)[정답] ④
[해설] 돈의 일부를 반납함으로써 연구원에게 (A)개인
적인 호의를 베풀었던 그룹1의 사람들이 연구원
을 가장 높게 평가했다. 비록 실험을 하는 동안
연구원에 대한 나쁜 인상을 받았음에도 불구하고,
그들은 그의 돈을 반납한 후에 연구원에 대해 (B)
더 긍정적인 감정을 가졌다.
11)[정답] ②
[해설] 빈칸 (A)에는 불완전한 절을 이끌며 명사절의
역할을 하는 관계대명사 what이 들어가야 한다.
①,③접속사 that ④관계대명사 which 혹은 that
⑤관계부사 where이 들어가야 한다.
12)[정답] ⑤
[해설] ①조화 상태가 아니라 갈등상태다. ②편안함이
아니라 불편함을 느낀다. ③Franklin이 아니라
Franklin의 적이 인지 부조화를 겪었다. ④행동
이 아니라 생각을 바꿨다.
13)[정답] ⑤
[해설] 'Benjamin Franklin 효과를 시험하기 위해,
한 심리학자가 실험을 하였고 같은 결론에 도달
하였다'는 글의 마지막 문장으로 보아 ⑤‘심리학
자의 실험 과정과 결론’이 이어질 것임을 알 수
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 있다.
14)[정답] ③
[해설] 그룹 1은 연구자에게서 상금 중 일부를 반납해
달라는 요청을 받았다. 그룹 2는 비서에게서 예
산이 거의 바닥났기 때문에 그들이 받은 돈의 일
부를 연구소에 반납해 달라는 요청을 받았다. 그
룹 3은 어떤 돈도 반납해 달라는 요청을 받지 않
았다. → '그 후 세 그룹 모두 그 연구원을 얼마
나 좋아하는지 평가하도록 요청받았다.'
15)[정답] ①，⑤
[해설] ① 관계사절에 'with someone'이 생략되어
있으므로 whom을 with whom으로 고쳐야 한다.
⑤ 문장의 주어는 Benjamin Franklin으로 콤마
사이의 the American politician and inventor
는 동격임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 coming을 동사
인 came으로 고쳐야 한다.
16)[정답] (가) Dabbawalas (나) their 99.99
percent accuracy rate
[해설] (가) 다바왈라들이 "심지어 폭우에도, 정치 투
쟁 중에도 배달"하는 것으로 볼 수 있어, "They"
가 가리키는 것으로는 "Dabbawalas"가 적절하
다. (나) "다바왈라는 99.99퍼센트 정확도를 자랑
스러워하는데, 그것은 6백만 건의 배달 당 고작
한 번의 실수를 의미한다."라는 의미로 "주격 관
계대명사 which"는 앞 절 내용 중 일부를 선행사
로 받고 있다. 따라서 "which"가 의미하는 바로
는 "그들의(다바왈라의) 99.99퍼센트 정확도"가
적절하다.
17)[정답] ①
[해설] (A) 뒷부분에서 다바왈라는 99.99퍼센트 정확
도를 자랑스러워한다고 서술하고 있어, "놀랍게
도, 늦게 배달되거나 잘못 배달된 경우가 지금까
지 거의 보고되지 않았다."라는 의미로 "hardly"
가 적절하다. (frequently ad. 자주, 빈번하게)
(B) 다양한 색깔, 숫자, 그리고 기호로 이루어져
있는 부호가 각각의 다바에 그려지며, 이 부호에
따라 음식이 어디에서 오고 어느 철도역을 거쳐
뭄바이에 있는 특정 건물의 특정 사무실에 가는
지 알 수 있음을 설명하고 있어 "이러한 무결점
시스템의 비결은 부호화 시스템에 있다."라는 의
미로 "coding"이 적절하다. (delivery n. 배달)
(C) "오늘날, 대부분의 사람들은 기술의 혜택 없
이 효율적인 배달 시스템이 운영되는 것을 상상
할 수 없다."라는 의미로 "efficient"가 적절하다.
(unproductive a. 비생산적인)
18)[정답] ④
[해설] (A) 주어가 Most dabbas, or lunches이고
뒤에는 동사가 와야 하므로 reach가 정답이다. /
(B) 다바가 배정이 된 것이므로 수동의 의미이다.
그러므로 과거 분사 assigned가 맞다. / (C)
'the empty dabbas(빈 도시락들)'가 원래 주소
로 돌아가는 것인데 복수 명사이므로 their로 받
는 것이 맞다.
19)[정답] ④
[해설] 배정된 다바를 모두 수거한 후 가까운 기차역
으로 가져가면 '또 다른 사람이 각 다바를 맞는
열차에 실어서 다른 방향으로 보내고' 세 번째
사람이 다바와 같이 열차에 탄다는 내용으로 연
결되는 순서가 적절하다. 따라서 주어진 문장은
④에 들어가야 한다.
20)[정답] have dietary restrictions, depending
upon their religion.
[해설] 뭄바이 사람들이 dabbawalas에 의존하는 이
유는 도시락을 휴대하는 것이 어렵고 종교에 따
른 음식 섭취의 제한이 있기 때문이다.
21)[정답] Not carrying anything with them,
[해설] 부사절을 분사구문으로 만들려면 부사절의 접
속사와 주어를 생략하고 동사를 현재분사/과거분
사의 형태로 바꿔야 한다. 또한 분사구문의 부정
형은 [Not+현재분사/과거분사~]이다.
22)[정답] ①
[해설] (a) 사역동사 have의 목적보어자리로 동사원형
deliver가 와야 한다. (b) 사람들로 ‘가득 찬’ 기
차를 탄다는 의미이므로 packed가 적절하다. (c)
는 Indian workers를 가리키기 때문에 them이
적절하다.
23)[정답] ③
[해설] ③얼마나 많은 양의 건수를 처리하는지는 알
수 없다. ①dabbawala는 점심을 배달하는 사람
을 의미한다. ②dabbawala는 최소한 4명의 사람
들이 배달한다. ④dabbawala는 1890년에 시작되
었다. ⑤도시락을 휴대하기가 어렵고 종교에 따른
음식의 제한이 있기 때문이다.
24)[정답] ③
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘또한 그들은 종교에 따른 음식
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 의 제한이 있다.’는 의미로 자세한 부연설명(힌두
교는 쇠고기를 먹지 않고 이슬람교는 돼지고기를
먹지 않음)을 하는 내용의 앞인 ⓒ에 들어가는
것이 가장 적절하다.
의 사람들은 기술의 혜택 없이 효율적인 배달 시
스템이 운영되는 것을 상상할 수 없다. ‘그러나’
다바왈라는 어떤 형태의 기술 없이도 과거의 방
식 중 일부는 여전히 최상의 방법일 수 있다는
것을 잘 보여 준다.

25)[정답] ③
[해설] 사역동사 have는 목적어와 목적보어의 관계가
능동이면 동사원형을, 수동이면 과거분사를 목적
보어로 취한다. 이 문장에서 목적어인 one
person이 ‘수거하는’ 것으로 능동의미이므로 동
사원형인 pick up이 와야 한다.

26)[정답] ②
[해설] dabba가 배달되는 과정을 설명하는 글로 아침
9시까지 dabbas를 수거하여 가까운 기차역으로
가져간다는 내용의 (C)가 온 뒤 여러 과정을 거
쳐 고객의 사무실까지 배달한다는 내용의 (B)가
와야 한다. 마지막으로 오후 5시까지 dabbas를
수거하여 같은 과정을 역순으로 반복한다는 내용
의 (D)가 와야 한다.

27)[정답] ①
[해설] dabbawala의 어원과 기원에 대해 이야기 하
고 있으므로, ①‘dabbawala 배달 서비스의 기원
과 역사’가 주제로 적절하다.

28)[정답] ⑤
[해설] ①세계화로 인도의 전통이 도전받고 있다. ②
본문에 언급되지 않았으나 도시락을 배달하는
dabbawala가 있는 것으로 보아 모든 주민들이
사무직이라는 것은 옳지 않음을 알 수 있다. ③
어원은 힌두어 dabba와 wala에서 유래한다. ④
한 은행가가 도시락을 배달시킨 것이 기원이다.

29)[정답] ③
[해설] 다바왈라 조직의 장점에 대해 이야기하며, 어
떠한 형태의 기술 없이도 과거의 방식 중 일부가
여전히 최상임을 보여 준다고 말하는 글의 흐름
상 ③‘뭄바이의 노동자들은 다바왈라 서비스가 시
작된 이후로 그것을 자랑스러워했다.’는 적절하지
않다.

30)[정답] ④
[해설] (A)다바왈라 조직은 단순하고 팀워크에 의존하
고, 운영비가 저렴하고, 그리고 100%에 가까운
고객 만족도를 만들어 낸다. ‘그러므로’ 전 세계
경영대학원과 대기업들이 다바왈라 시스템에서
배우는 것은 놀랄 일이 아니다. (B)오늘날 대부분

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