rev. cjc. 17.08.

2018

Channels 1 (with constant Manning's coefficient)

Index

Channels resume and applications

A1 Circular channels, normal conditions Qmax Maximum flow in a circular channel

A2 Circular channels, critical conditions Q(HtoD) Flow rate in a circular channel for a given ratio HtoD

B1 Semicircular channels, normal conditions Deductions Equations for channels

B2 Semicircular channels, critical conditions Equations List of equations

C1 Rectangular channels, normal conditions

C2 Rectangular channels, critical conditions

Other related files. See www.piping-tools.net

 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018
1.- Channels functions resume and applications

Circular Channel Semicircular Channel Rectangular Channel

Input Input Input
Q= 0.4 m /s 3
Q= 0.5 m /s 3
Q= 0.6 m3/s
D= 0.92054 m D= 0.602 m b= 1.4 m
N= 0.0117 - N= 0.011 - N= 0.011 -
S= 0.011 m/m S= 0.02 m/m S= 0.02 m/m

Output Output Output

Height H= Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S) Height Hn = Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q;D; N;S) Height H= Channel_Rectangular_Height_Q_B_N_S(H4;H5;H6;H7)

H= #VALUE! m Hn = #VALUE! m H= #VALUE! m

Area A= Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S) Area A= Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S) Hydr. Rad. Rh = Channel_Rectangular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B_N_S

A= #VALUE! m² A= #VALUE! m² Rh = #VALUE! m

TopWidth T= Channel_Circular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S) Top width T= Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N; S) Froude Fr = Channel_Rectangular_Froude_Q_b_n_S

#VALUE! T= #VALUE! m Fr = #VALUE! -

Froude Fr = Channel_Circular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S) Froude Fr = Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S) Critical_velocity v= Channel_Rectangular_Velocity_Q_b_n_S

Fr = #VALUE! - FR = #VALUE! - v= #VALUE! m/s

WettedPerimeter P= Channel_Circular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S WettedPerimeter P= Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S Energy E= Channel_Rectangular_Energy_Q_B_N_S

P= #VALUE! P= #VALUE! m E= #VALUE! m

Hydraulic radius Rh = Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N;S) Hydraulic radius Rh = Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)

Rh = #VALUE! m Rh = #VALUE! m

Velocity v= Channel_Circular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N; S) Velocity v= Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)

v= #VALUE! m/s v= #VALUE! m/s

Energy E= Channel_Circular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S) Energy E= Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)

E= #VALUE! m E= #VALUE! m

HtoD_ratio HtoD = Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S) Hn to (D/2) ratio HntoR = Channel_SemiCircular_H_to_R_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)

HtoD = #VALUE! - HntoR = #VALUE! -

Maximum flow Qmax = Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S Angle or (H-R) f or dHn = Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S (See Note 1)
Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s f or dHn = #VALUE! #VALUE!

Q f(HtoD) = Q = FlowRateForGivenHtoD_HtoD_D_N_S
HtoD = #VALUE! - Note 1
D= 0.92054 m For Hn to R > 1, the result corresponds to the difference dHn = Hn - R [m]
N= 0.0117 - For Hn to R <= 1, the result corresponds to the angle fi [rad]
S= 0.011 m/m
Q= #VALUE! m³/s

Angle f= Channel_Circular_fi_Q_D_N_S
f= #VALUE! rad

Angle "a" for maximum flow in a circular channel

a= 0.50254 rad
a = p. Case of empty circular channel
a = 0. Case of circular channel full

Circular Channel, critical conditions (Note 1) Semicircular Channel, critical conditions Rectangular channel, critical conditions
Input Q= 0.5 m3/s Input Q= 0.2 m3/s Input Q= 0.8 m3/s
D= 0.602 m D= 0.602 m b= 1.4 m
N= 0.011 - N= 0.011 - N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m S= 0.02 -

Output Output Output

Critical_Heigth Hc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical_Height Hc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S Critical_velocity vc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Velocity_Q_B

Channels resume
 Hc = #VALUE! Hc = #VALUE! m vc = #VALUE! m/s

Critical_Area Ac = Channel_Circular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical area Ac = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S) Critical_Height Hc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Height_Q_B

Ac = #VALUE! m² Ac = #VALUE! m² Hc = #VALUE! m

Critical_T Tc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical_T Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Energy_Q_B

Tc = #VALUE! Ec = #VALUE! m

Critical_Froude Fr_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Froude_Q_D(Q; D) Critical_Froude Critical_Froude Frc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Froude_Q_D

Fr_c = 1 Frc = 1

Critical_P Pc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical_P Hydr. Rad. Rhc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B

Pc = #VALUE! Rhc = #VALUE! m

Critical_Rh Rh_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical Hydraulic Rhc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S Critical slpope Sc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Slope_Q_B_N
Rh_c = #VALUE! Rhc = #VALUE! m Sc = #VALUE! m/m

Critical_velocity vc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical_velocity vc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S

vc = #VALUE! vc = #VALUE! m/s

Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_Circular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S(C7,C8,C9,C10) Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S

Ec = #VALUE! Ec = #VALUE! m

Critical_HtoD HtoDc = Channel_Circular_Critical_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Critical_HtoD

HtoDc = #VALUE!

Critical angle fc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Angle_Q_D_N_S Critical angle or f_fi = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_fi_f_Q_D_N_S

fc = #VALUE! rad (Hc - D/2) f_fi = #VALUE!

Note1
Manning's coefficient and slope are required to ensure that
the flow rate is less than the maximum possible flow.
In the given case Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s

Channels resume
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018
A1.- Circular channel

Input Input
Q= 0.5 m3/s Q= 0.5 m3/s
D= 0.6 m D= 0.6 m
N= 0.011 - N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m S= 0.02 m/m

Output H= #VALUE! m
Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S A= #VALUE!
Heigth H= Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S) T= #VALUE! m²
H= #VALUE! m Fr = #VALUE! -
P= #VALUE! m
Area A= Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S) Rh = #VALUE! m
A= #VALUE! m² v= #VALUE! m/s
E= #VALUE! m
TopWidth T= Channel_Circular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S) HtoD = #VALUE! -
#VALUE! fi = #VALUE! rad
Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s
Froude Fr = Channel_Circular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S)
Fr = #VALUE! -

WettedPerimeter P= Channel_Circular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q;D;n;S)
P= #VALUE!

Hydraulic radius Rh = Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n;S)

Rh = #VALUE! m

Velocity v= Channel_Circular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;n; S)

v= #VALUE!

Energy E= Channel_Circular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S)
E= #VALUE! m

HtoD_ratio HtoD = Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)

HtoD = #VALUE! -

Angle fi = Channel_Circular_fi_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)
fi = #VALUE! rad

Maximum flow rate Qmax = Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S(D, N, S)

Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s

A1. Circular
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018
A2.- Circular channel, critical conditions.
Channel_Circular_Critical_Matrix_Q_D_N_S

Input Qmax
Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S
= Q= 0.5 m3/s
Q= 0.5 m3/s Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s D= 0.602 m
D= 0.602 m Checking witht Hcanales N= 0.011 -
N= 0.011 - S= 0.02 m/m
S= 0.02 m/m
Note. With only the two variables Q and D, the system cannot cope with all cases. H= #VALUE! m
A= #VALUE! m²
Output v= #VALUE! m/s
E= #VALUE! m
Critical_Heigth Hc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) Fr = #VALUE! -
Hc = #VALUE! P= #VALUE! m
Rh = #VALUE! m
Critical_Area Ac = Channel_Circular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S) T= #VALUE! m
Ac = #VALUE! m² HtoD = #VALUE! -
fi = #VALUE! rad
Critical_T Tc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)
Tc = #VALUE!

Critical_Froude Fr_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Froude_Q_D(Q; D)

Fr_c = 1

Critical_P Pc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Pc = #VALUE!

Critical_Rh Rh_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Rh_c = #VALUE!

Critical_velocity vc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

vc = #VALUE!

Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_Circular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S(C7,C8,C9,C10)
Ec = #VALUE!

Critical_HtoD HtoDc = Channel_Circular_Critical_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

HtoDc = #VALUE!

Critical angle fc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Angle_Q_D_N_S

fc = #VALUE! rad

A2. Circular Critical

Nota. Hcanales, no entrega solución para Q = 0.5 m³/s y D = 0.6 m. Note. Hcanales, does not give a solution for Q = 0.5 m³/s and D = 0.6 m.
Indica: El tirante es mayor que el diámetro It indicates, the "H" value is greater than the diameter.
Sin embargo, el valor del tirante es Hc = #VALUE! valor menor que el diámetro but, the "H" value is Hc = #VALUE! m
and the diameter is D= 0.6 m
Thus, Hc < D and therefore the case has a solution

Input Qmax
Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S
=
Q= 0.5 m3/s Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s
D= 0.6 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output

Critical_Heigth Hc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Hc = #VALUE!

Critical_Area Ac = Channel_Circular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Ac = #VALUE! m²

Critical_T Tc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Tc = #VALUE!

Critical_Froude Fr_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Froude_Q_D(Q; D)

Fr_c = 1

Critical_P Pc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Pc = #VALUE!

Critical_Rh Rh_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Rh_c = #VALUE!

Critical_velocity vc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

vc = #VALUE!

Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_Circular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S(C7,C8,C9,C10)
Ec = #VALUE!

Critical_HtoD HtoDc = Channel_Circular_Critical_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

HtoDc = #VALUE!

Critical angle fc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Angle_Q_D_N_S

fc = #VALUE! rad

Deduction of relations for critical flow in circular channels

The Froude number is defined as

v and width
Fr=

√( A
) [( ]
2
D
2
1 64 Q sin(ϕ )
g⋅ A= π− ϕ )+ ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ ) Fr 2 = ⋅ ⋅

[ ]
T 4 2 g d5 sin(2⋅ϕ )
3
π−ϕ +
v
2
2
2
Fr 2 = Q T
Fr 2 = ⋅
g⋅ ( TA ) ( [d2
4
⋅ π −ϕ+
sin (2⋅ϕ )
2 ])
3 g Fr^2 = (64/g) * (Q^2/d^5) * seno(f) / (pi()-f+(1/2*seno(2*f)))^3

2 Fr^2 = Q ^ 2 / (g * ((D / 2) ^ 2 * (Pi - fi + (1 / 2) * Sin(2 * fi))) ^ 3) * (2 * (D / 2) * Sin(fi))

Q 1
Fr 2 = ⋅ Q
2
T
A2
g⋅
A
T ( ) Fr 2 =
d
64
6

[
π −ϕ +
⋅
sin( 2⋅ϕ ) g
2 ]
3
As we are looking for the critical angle, the equation has to be solved for the case of a Froude number Fr = 1.

2 2 We start the calculation with a very small value of the angle "fi" and this is iterated until the calculated flow "Qcalc"
Q T Q d⋅sin(ϕ)
Fr 2 = ⋅ Fr 2 = ⋅ takes a value close enough to the input data value "Q"
A3 g
[ ]
3 g
d6 sin(2⋅ϕ)
π −ϕ+
64 2
A2. Circular Critical
 Q2 T Q
2
d⋅sin(ϕ)
Fr 2 = ⋅ Fr 2 = ⋅
A3 g
[ ]
3 g
d6 sin(2⋅ϕ)
π −ϕ+
64 2

A2. Circular Critical

Critical_Matrix_Q_D_N_S

A2. Circular Critical

 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018
B1.- Semicircular channel

Input Hcanales does not have this channel type.

Q= 0.0068 m3/s Case hn < R Does, no checking with this software is possible.
D= 0.6 m
n= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m

Output

Heigth hn = Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q;D; n;S)

hn = ### m
Rev
Area A= Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
A= ### m² 0.138493
H
Top width T= Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;n; S) dHn hn
T= ### m 0.601866
D/2
Froude Fr = Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
FR = ### - 2.403356

WettedPerimeter P= Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S D
P= ### m 0.932917

Hydraulic radius Rh = Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)

Rh = ### m 0.148451

Velocity v= Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
v= ### m/s 3.610293

Energy E= Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
E= ### m 0.959209

Angle fi or fi_dHn= Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S

height dHn fi OR dHn = ### #VALUE!

Test for a semicircular channel with hn < R Q= 0.0068

D= 0.6
Input Area Height n= 0.0117
Q= 0.0068 m3/s A = (R^2/2) * ( 2*fi - seno(2*fi) ) hn = R - R*cos(fi) S= 0.011
D= 0.6 m R= 0.3 m R * ( 1 - cos(fi) )
N= 0.0117 - Fi = 0.5312 rad R= 0.3 m fi Heigth hn =
S= 0.011 m/m A= 0.00850 m² fi = 0.53119 m d/2 R =d/2 hn =
hn
hn = 0.0413 m
Perimeter Area A=
Assumed and iterated value P= d * fi Top width A=
d= 0.6 T= 2 * R * seno(fi) Case hn < d/2
fi = 0.53119 rad fi = 0.531 R= 0.3 m Top width T=
P= 0.3187 m fi = 0.53119 rad T=
Using the function T= 0.3039 m
Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S Hydraulic radius Froude Fr =
fi = ### rad Rh = A/P Velocity E= H + v ^ 2 / (2 * g) Fr =
A= 0.00850 m² v= Q/A H= 0.04134 m
P= 0.3187 m Q= 0.0068 m³/s v= 0.80 m/s WettedPerime P=
Rh = 0.0267 m A= 0.0085 m² E= 0.074 m P=
v= 0.8001 m/s
Flow rate Ratio Hn to R Hydraulic radi Rh =
Qcalc = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) Froude number hn = 0.041 m Rh =

B1. Semicircular
 A= 0.0085 Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5 R= 0.3 m
Flow according Mannig´s relation Rh = 0.0267 m v= 0.80 m/s hn / R = 0.14 - Velocity v=
S= 0.011 - A= 0.0085 m² v=
2 1 N= 0.0117 - T= 0.304 m
A Qcalc = 0.0068 m³/s Fr = 1.5279 - Energy E=
Q= ⋅Rh 3⋅S 2
N This calculated flow rate Qcalc must match E=
the input value Q. That is obtained by iteration Calculated flow rate
Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) with the height dHn. Qcalc = (S) ^ (0.5) * N ^ (-1) * (d) ^ (8 / 3) * (2) ^ (-10 / 3) * (fi - Seno(2*fi) / 2) ^ (5 / 3) * (fi) ^ (-2 / 3) Ratio Hn to R hn / R =
Also, by using the VBA finction. S= 0.011
N= 0.012 Angle fi or dH fi or dHn =
g= 9.80665 m/s d= 0.600 fi or dHn =
fi 0.53119
Qcalc = 0.0068 m³/s

Test for a semicircular channel with hn >= R Q=

D=
Input Semicircle (exact) Flow rate n=
Q= 0.45 m3/s Asc = (1/2)* p * R^2 Qcalc = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) S=
D= 0.6 m R= 0.3 m A= 0.1682
dHn
n= 0.0117 - Asc = 0.1414 m² Rh = 0.163012 m Heigth hn =
S= 0.011 m/m S= 0.011 - hn =
d/2
Rectangle N= 0.0117 - hn d/2
Arectg = dHn * D Qcalc = 0.4500 m³/s Area A=
Assumed and iterated value dHn = 0.04476 m A=
Case hn > d/2
dHn = 0.04476 m D= 0.6 m This calculated flow rate Qcalc must match
Arectg = 0.026856 m² the input value Q. That is obtained by iteration Top width T=
Using the function with the height dHn. T=
dHn =Channel_SemiCircular_fiORdHn_Q_D_N_S Total area Also, by using the VBA function.
dHn = ### m A= Asc + Arectg Froude Fr =
Asc = 0.1414 m² Height Fr =
Arectg = 0.02686 m² hn = R + dHn Velocity
A= 0.1682 m² R= 0.3 m v= Q/A WettedPerime P=
dHn = 0.04476 m Q= 0.4500 m³/s P=
Perimeter hn = 0.34476 m A= 0.1682 m²
P= p * R + 2*dHn v= 2.67 m/s Hydraulic radi Rh =
R= 0.3 Top width Rh =
dHn = 0.04476 T= 0.6 m Energy
Flow according Mannig´s relation P= 1.032 m E= H + v ^ 2 / (2 * g) Velocity v=
Froude number H= 0.34476 m v=
Hydraulic radius Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5 v= 2.67 m/s
2 1
A Dh = 2*A/P v= 2.67 m/s E= 0.710 m Energy E=
Q= ⋅Rh 3⋅S 2 A= 0.1682 m² A= 0.1682 m² E=
N P= 1.032 m T= 0.6 m Ratio Hn to R
Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) Dh = 0.326 n Fr = 1.613 - hn / R = 1.15 Ratio Hn to R hn / R =
Rh = Dh / 2
Rh = 0.163 m Angle fi or d fi or dHn =
g= 9.80665 m/s fi or dHn =

B1. Semicircular
m³s
m
-
m/m

Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S

#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S

#VALUE!

B1. Semicircular
Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_fiORdHn_Q_D_N_S
#NAME?

0.45 m³s
0.6 m
0.0117 -
0.011 m/m

Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m

Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m²

Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m

Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! -

Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m

Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m

Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m/s

Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! m

#VALUE! -

Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE! #VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S

B1. Semicircular
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018
B2.- Semicircular channel, critical condition

Input
Q= 0.8 m3/s
D= 0.602 m
N 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output
H
Critical_velocity vc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
vc = #VALUE! m/s 2.129619089

Critical_Heigth Hc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S
Hc = #VALUE! m

Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S
Ec = #VALUE! m 0.694001507

Critical Hydraulic Rad. Rhc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S

Rhc = #VALUE! m 0.182400697

Critical area Ac = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)

Ac = #VALUE! m²

Critical "f" or "fi" f_fi = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_fi_f_Q_D_N_S

f_fi = #VALUE!
 Hcanales does not have this channel type.
Does, no checking with this software is possible.

Rev

H dHn
hn

D/2

D
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018

C1.- Rectangular channel

Input
Q= 0.6 m3/s
B= 1.4 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output

Heigth H= Channel_Rectangular_Height_Q_b_N_S
H= #VALUE! m

Hydr. Rad. Rh = Channel_Rectangular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B_N_S

Rh = #VALUE! m

Froude Fr = Channel_Rectangular_Froude_Q_b_n_S
Fr = #VALUE!

Velocity v= Channel_Rectangular_Velocity_Q_b_n_S
v= #VALUE! m/s

Energy E= Channel_Rectangular_Energy_Q_b_n_S
E= #VALUE! m

rh = (H * B) / (2*H + B)
H= #VALUE!
B= 1.4
rh = #VALUE!
H
Checking against Hcanales

B
hecking against Hcanales
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018
C2.- Rectangular channel, critical condition
Rectangular channel, critical conditions

Input
Q= 0.6 m³/s
B= 1.4 m

Output

Critical_velocity vc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Velocity_Q_B
vc = #VALUE! m/s

Critical_Heigth Hc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Heigth_Q_B
Hc = #VALUE! m

Critical_Energy Ec = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Energy_Q_B
Ec = #VALUE! m

Critical_Froude Frc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Froude_Q_D

Frc = 1

Hydr. Rad. Rhc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B

Rhc = #VALUE! m
H

Checking with Hcanales

B
hecking with Hcanales
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018

8.- Angle for maximum flow in a circular channel

a
The flow rate can be expressed as a function −2 Filling
of the diameter and the angle a as follow C 2= [ π - α ] 3 level
5 h
8
3 1 r
S D [ π - α +( 1/2 ) *seno ( 2* α ) ] q= Q=C 1⋅C 2
Q= √ ⋅ 10
3

n 2 B
d
23 ( π - α )3 The derivatives are
8
H=r+h
√ S ⋅D 3 dq dC 1 dC 2
B= 10 = ⋅C 2+ ⋅C 1
dα dα dα
n⋅2 3
2
dC 1 5
5
= [ π - α +( 1/2 )*seno ( 2* α ) ] 3⋅(−1+cos ( 2⋅α ) )
[ π - α +( 1/2 )*seno ( 2* α ) ] 3 dα 3
Q=B⋅ 2 −5
(π - α)3 dC 2 2 3
= [π -α]
dα 3
5
dq/da = ( (pi()-a+seno(2*a)/2)^(5/3) ) * ( (2/3) * ( pi()-a )^(-5/3) ) + ( (pi()-a)^(-2/3) ) * ( (5/3)*(pi()-a+seno(2*a)/2)^(2/3) * (-1+cos(2*a)) )
1 [ π - α +( 1/2) *seno ( 2* α ) ] 3
Q= 2
B
( π - α )3 To obtain de maximum value, the derivative shall be equal zero
5 −2 Using solver
1 3
Q=[ π - α +( 1/2 )*seno ( 2* α ) ] 3⋅[ π - α ] The dependent variable dq/da = -9.2229E-07 (must be zero)
B The independent variable a= 0.502539401 rad
5 a= 28.8 º
3
C 1= [ π - α +( 1/2 ) *seno ( 2* α ) ]

Input
Q= 4.875 m3/s Qmax = #VALUE! m3/s Flow rate versus angle fi
D= 1.17474 m 6.0
N= 0.0119156 -

Q [m³/s]
S= 0.013 m/m 5.0

4.0

[ ]
8 −10 5 2 1
1 −
3
Q=D 3⋅2 3
⋅ ( π−ϕ ) + ⋅seno (2⋅ϕ ) 3⋅( π−ϕ ) ⋅S 2⋅N −1 3.0
2
2.0
For H< D/2
1.0
Q= D^(8/3) * 2^(-10/3) * ( Pi() - f + (1/2)*seno(2*f) )^(5/3) * (Pi() - f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

0.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 fi [rad]2
Angle 2.5 3 3.5
f Q cos(fi)
rad m³/s
3 0.000154 -0.9899925
2.9 0.00154 -0.97095817
2.8 0.0068 -0.94222234
2.7 0.0201 -0.90407214
2.6 0.0472 -0.85688875 For H > D/2
2.5 0.0945 -0.80114362

[ ]
2.4 0.1691 -0.73739372 −3
Q2 π 2
2.3 0.2774 -0.66627602
Fr 2 = ⋅ ⋅D + D⋅f ⋅D
2.2 0.4250 -0.58850112 g 8
2.1 0.6157 -0.5048461

[ ]
−3
2 0.8511 -0.41614684 π D
Fr 2 =Q 2⋅ ⋅D2 + D⋅f ⋅
1.9 1.1302 -0.32328957 8 g
1.8 1.4491 -0.22720209

[ ] ( )( )
−3 1
1.7 1.8014 -0.12884449 π 2 2 D 2
1.6 2.1780 -0.02919952 Fr=Q⋅ ⋅D + D⋅f ⋅
1.5 2.5684 0.070737202
8 g
1.4 2.9604 0.169967143 Fr = Q*( D^2*Pi/8 + D*f)^(-3/2)* (D/g)^(1/2)
1.3 3.3415 0.267498829
1.2 3.6997 0.362357754
1.1 4.0241 0.453596121
1 4.3054 0.540302306
0.9 4.5371 0.621609968
0.8 4.7149 0.696706709

Qmax
 0.7 4.8380 0.764842187
0.6 4.9079 0.825335615
0.59 4.9122 0.830940679
0.58 4.9159 0.83646265
0.57 4.9192 0.841900975
0.56 4.9220 0.847255111
0.55 4.9243 0.852524522
0.54 4.9262 0.857708681
0.53 4.9276 0.862807071
0.52 4.9286 0.86781918
0.51 4.92909 0.872744508
fiQ 0.502539401 Qmax = 4.929 (HtoD)Qmax = 0.876
0.5 4.92920 0.877582562
0.4 4.9083 0.921060994
0.3 4.8535 0.955336489
0.219532885 4.791 HtoD = 0.976
0.2 4.7743 0.980066578
0.1 4.6805 0.995004165
0 4.5823 1
f Q cos(fi)
rad m³/s

Qmax
 Flow rate in a circular channel for a
given ratio HtoD

HtoD = H/D

H-r r
f

D
H

f =a cos (2⋅HtoD−1 ) ( Eq . p )

−10

[ ]
8 5 2 1
1 −
Q=D ⋅2 3 3
⋅ ( π−ϕ ) + ⋅seno(2⋅ϕ ) 3 ⋅( π−ϕ ) 3 ⋅S 2⋅N −1 ( Eq . b )
2

For equation deductions, see Annex Equations, below

Angle f
[ ]
2
D 1
A= ( π−ϕ )+ ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ )
h−r 4 2
cos(f )= P= ( π −ϕ )⋅D
r A
h Rh=
P
HtoD= A
d Rh=
( π−ϕ )⋅D
h=d⋅HtoD
h=2⋅r⋅HtoD
Rh=
D2
4 [ 1
( π −ϕ ) + ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ )
2 ]
cos(f )= P= ( π −ϕ )⋅D
r A
h Rh=
P
HtoD= A
d Rh=
( π−ϕ )⋅D
h=d⋅HtoD
h=2⋅r⋅HtoD
Rh=
D2
4 [ 1
( π −ϕ ) + ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ )
2 ]
2⋅r⋅HtoD−r ( π−ϕ )⋅D
cos(f )=
r
cos(f )=( 2⋅HtoD−1 ) Rh=
D
4 [ 1
( π−ϕ )+ ⋅seno ( 2⋅ϕ )
2 ]
( π−ϕ )
f =a cos (2⋅HtoD−1 ) ( Eq . p )
 Data Using the function
Ratio H to D HtoD = 0.321 - HtoD =
Circle diameter D= 0.92054 m D=
Manning's coefficient N= 0.0117 - N=
Slope S= 0.011 m/m S=
Q=
Angle "f" Q=
f= acos(2*HtoD - 1)
HtoD = 0.320907486
f= 1.937 rad

Flow rate
Q = D^(8/3) 2^(-10/3)*( p-f +(1/2) *seno(2*f) )^(5/3) * (p-f)^(-2/3) S^(1/2)*N^(-1)
D= 0.92054 m
f= 1.9371 rad
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.0110 -
Q= 0.500 m³/s

Checking of "HtoD" for the calculated flow rate using the function
Hto D = Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S
Q= 0.500 m³/s
D= 0.92054 m
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m
HtoD = #VALUE! -

Annex Equations

1
ϕ )+ ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ )
2 ] A
Q= ⋅R 2 ⋅S
1
2
Manning and friction factor
N 3
h 1

( )
0. 5
1 f
Q
=R 2 ⋅S
2
⋅N −1 N=R 6h ⋅
A 8⋅g
h3 1
D
N =R ⋅(
8⋅g )
1
2 f 3
1
] ⋅N −1
2
−ϕ ) + ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ ) v= R 2 ⋅S h
2 3
h
 2
N 3
h 1

( )
0. 5
1 f
Q
=R 2 ⋅S
2
⋅N −1 N=R 6h ⋅
A 8⋅g
h3 1
D
N =R ⋅(
8⋅g )
1
2 3f
1
] ⋅N −1
2
−ϕ ) + ⋅seno( 2⋅ϕ ) v= R 2 ⋅S h
2 3
h

=(
8⋅g )
2
D N f
1
ϕ )+ ⋅seno ( 2⋅ϕ )
2 ] v= R
h3
2
2⋅S ⋅N
1
−1
1
R3h
N2
( 8⋅g )⋅ 1 =f
Microsoft Editor de R 3h
ecuaciones 3.0
N2
f =( 8⋅g )⋅ 1
R3h

Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
 rev. cjc. 17.08.2018

ng the function
0.321 -
0.921 m
0.0117 -
0.011 m/m
FlowRateForGivenHtoD_HtoD_D_N_S
#VALUE! m³/s

rev. cjc. 17.08.2018

Deduction of equations for channels

A.- Circular channels C.-Rectangular channels

A1.- Circular channels, normal case C1.- Rectangular channels, normal cas

A2.- Circular channels, critical case C2.- Rectangular channels, critical cas

Qmax
B.- Semicircular channels
Q(HtoD)
B1.- Semicircular channels, normal case
Deductions
B2.- Semicircular channels, critical case
Equations

A.- Circular channels

A1.- Circular channels, normal case

Geometrical relations for circular channels

1.- Flow area, for a given angle f Eq. (a)
2.- Wetted perimeter Eq. (b)
3.- Hydraulic radius Eq. (c)

Volume flow rate

4.- Flow according Mannig´s relation Eq. (d)

Other channel properties H

5.- Heigth
6.- Heigth to diameter ratio
 7.- Top Width
8.- Velocity
9.- Energy
10.- Froude

A1.- Circular channels, normal case

This deductions correspond to an angle f as defined in the Figure A.

1.- Flow area, for a given angle f in a circular channel

A= 2.- Wetted perimeter

π ϕ P= D⋅( π −ϕ )
A= ⋅D 2 − ⋅D 2 +2⋅( 1/ 2⋅r⋅sin( ϕ )⋅r⋅cos( ϕ ))
4 4
3.- Hydraulic radius
π ϕ D D A
A= ⋅D2 − ⋅D2 +( ⋅sin( ϕ )⋅ ⋅cos( ϕ )) Rh =
4 4 2 2 P

[
2
2 2 D 1
D D 1 ( π −ϕ ) + ⋅s
A= ( π−ϕ )+ ( ⋅sin( 2⋅ϕ )) Rh =
4 2
4 4 2 D⋅( π −ϕ

A=
D2
[ 1
( π−ϕ )+ ⋅sin(2⋅ϕ ) ] (Eq . a ) Rh =
D
4 [ 1
( π−ϕ ) + ⋅sin
2
4 2 ( π −ϕ )

Rh =
D
4 [ 1
( π −ϕ )+ ⋅sin(
2

4.- Flow according Mannig´s relation

2 1
A
Q= ⋅Rh 3⋅S 2
N
 2 1
A
Q= ⋅Rh 3⋅S 2 (d) Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2)
N

[( ]
2
D 1
π −ϕ ) + ⋅sin (2⋅ϕ )
{ [ ] }
2 1
4 2 D 1 −1 3
Q= ⋅ ( π −ϕ ) + ⋅sin( 2⋅ϕ ) ⋅( π−ϕ ) ⋅S 2
N 4 2

8
[ 1
( π−ϕ )+ ⋅sin( 2⋅ϕ ) ]
[ ]
3 2 2
D 2 1 −
3
Q= 10
⋅ ( π −ϕ ) + ⋅sin ( 2⋅ϕ ) ⋅( π−ϕ ) ⋅S
3

3
N 2
2

[ ]
8 −10 5 2 1
1 −
3
Q=D ⋅2 3 3
⋅ ( π−ϕ ) + ⋅sin(2⋅ϕ ) ⋅( π −ϕ ) ⋅S 2⋅N −1
3 (d1 )
2

Q= D^(8/3) * 2^(-10/3) * ( (p-f ) + (1/2)*sin(2*f ))^(5/3) * ( p-f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

Relation applied in the code

Q= (S)^(0.5) * n^(-1) * (D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3)

Circular flow relationships

1 Flow area 6
A = (D / 2) ^ 2 * (pi - fi + (1 / 2) * Sin(2 * fi)) (a)

2 Wetted perimeter 7
P = D * (pi - fi) (b)

3 Hydraulic radius
Rh = A / p (c) 8

4 Flow rate
Microsoft Editor de
Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) (d) ecuaciones 3.0
9
− 10

[ ]
8
1
Q= D 3⋅2 3
⋅ ( π − ϕ) + ⋅sin ( 2⋅ϕ ) ⋅¿ ¿
2
10
Microsoft Equation
3.0

Q = (S)^(0.5) * n^(-1) * (D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3)

(d2)
5 Heigth
(from Fig. A)
H = (D / 2) * (1 + Cos(fi))

A2.- Critical flow in circular channels

The Froude number is defined as T =D⋅sin(ϕ )
v 2
Fr= v
Fr 2 =

√
2
Q
g⋅
A
( ) g⋅
A
( ) Fr = 2

[
T T D6 sin ( 2⋅ϕ
π−ϕ+
Q 1
2
2 64 2
Fr 2 = ⋅ Q T
Fr 2 = ⋅
( )
2
A A 2
g⋅
A3 g 64 Q sin( ϕ )
2
T Fr = ⋅ 5⋅

[
g D si
[ ]
2
A=
D 1
( π−ϕ )+ ⋅sin(2⋅ϕ ) (Eq . a ) π −ϕ +
4 2

2 Q2 T Fr^2 = (64/g) * (Q^2/D^5) * sin(f) /

Fr = ⋅

( [
√
])
3 g
d2 sin (2⋅ϕ ) 2
⋅ π −ϕ+ 64 Q sin ( ϕ )
4 2 Fr= ⋅ ⋅

[
g D5 sin
2 T Q
2 π−ϕ+
Fr = ⋅

[ ]
3
d6 sin(2⋅ϕ) g
π −ϕ+ Fr = [ (64/g) * (Q^2/d^5) * sin(f) / (pi()-f+(1/2*s
64 2
Using equation (e) the angle f for the ocurrence of cri
Then, the other properties can be determined.

B1.- Semicircular channels, normal case

Semi-circular flow relationships (for H>D/2)
(Figure C)

For H <= D/2, the relations for circular

 channels are valid

1 Flow area
A = (1 / 2) * (Pi() * D ^ 2 / 4) + D * f

2 Wetted perimeter
P=pi()*d/2 + 2*f

3 Hydraulic radius 7 Top width

Rh =( pi()*d^2 + 8* d * f) / (4 * pi() * d + 16 * f ) ) T=D

4 Flow rate 8 Velocity 10

Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) v=Q/A
(replacing equations 1 and 3 in Manning's eq.
9 Energy
5 Heigth E = H + v^2/(2*g)
H = (D / 2) + f

6 Height to Diameter ratio

HtoD_ratio = H / D

B2.- Semicircular channels,critical case

If H > D/2

Fr=
v
v
2
A= [ π
8
2
⋅D + D⋅f ]
√
Fr 2 =
g⋅ ( TA ) ( TA )
g⋅ T =D

[ ]
−3
Q2 π22
Fr 2 =
Q
⋅
2
1 Fr = ⋅ ⋅D + D⋅f ⋅D
g 8
( )
2
A A
g⋅
T Fr^2 = (Q^2/g)*( D^2*p/8 + D*f)^(-3)*D

[ ] ( )
(−3/ 2) (1/ 2)
Q T 2 π D
Fr 2 = ⋅ Fr=Q⋅ ⋅D 2 + D⋅f ⋅
A 3 g 8 g
2
'Fr = Q * (D ^ 2 * Pi / 8 + D * f) ^ (-3 / 2) * (D / g) ^ (1 / 2
Q
Fr = ⋅A−3⋅T
2
g Using equation (f) the angle f for the ocurrence of criti
Then, the other properties can be determined.
If H< D/2
For H <= D/2, the same
relations as for a circular
channel are valid.
 Rectangular channel, criti
C1.- Rectangular channels, normal case
v
The height "h" is found by iteration using Manning's equation Fr=
√ g⋅H
Manning Q 1
Fr= ⋅
v= (1/n) * R^(2/3) * S^(1/2) A √ g⋅H
v= (1/n) * ((b*h)/(b+2*h))^(2/3) * S^(1/2)
v= Q / ( b * h) Q 1
Fr= ⋅
B⋅H √ g⋅H
Q / ( b * h) = (1/n) * ((b*h)/(b+2*h))^(2/3) * S^(1/2)
1 Q
Q= (1/n) * ((b*h)/(b+2*h))^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * (b*h) Fr=
√g 3
2
B⋅H
A= b*h
v= Q/A Critical slope
v= Q / ( b * h) If Fr = 1
2 1
3 −1
P= b + 2*h R c⋅S2c ¿ N
R= A/P 1=
R= (b*h) / (b+2*h)
√ g⋅H c
2 1
3
√ g⋅H c=R c⋅S 2c ¿ N −1

Froude √ g⋅H c =S 2c
1

2
2 1 3 −1
3 2 −1
R c⋅N
Q= A⋅R ⋅S ⋅N
2 1
1
S2c =
√ g⋅H c
2

v=R ⋅S ⋅N−1
3 2
R c⋅N
3 −1

v g⋅H c
Fr= Sc =
√ g⋅H R c⋅N
4
3 −2
2 1
R ⋅S ⋅N −1 g⋅N 2⋅H c
3 2 2
g⋅N ⋅H c
Fr= Sc = 4
Sc = 4

√ g⋅H Rc
3
Rc
3

5 −2
Q max =( B⋅H channel⋅( HtoH channel ) max ) (
3⋅ 2⋅H
( )
channel⋅ HtoH channel max + B ) 3⋅

Qmax = ( B * Hchannel* ( HtoHchannel )max )^(5/3) * ( 2*Hchannel * ( HtoHchannel )max + B )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1
 B= 0.5 m
Hchannel = 1 m H= Hchannel * (HtoHchannel)max
(HtoHchannel)max = 0.6 - Hchannel = 1
S= 0.01 m/m (HtoHchannel)max = 0.6
N= 0.011 - H= 0.6
Qmax = 0.858 m³/s
P= 2*H + B
H= 0.6
v= R^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) B= 0.5
R= 0.176 m P= 1.7
S= 0.01 m/m
N= 0.011 - A= B*H
v= 2.86 m/s B= 0.5
H= 0.6
Q= A*v A= 0.3
A= 0.3 m/s
v= 2.86 m/s R= A/P
Q= 0.858 m³/s A= 0.3
P= 1.7
R= 0.176
 rev.cjc.14.082018

ar channels, normal case

ar channels, critical case

Fluid level

fA

D
 D

- Wetted perimeter

= D⋅( π −ϕ ) ( Eq . b )
- Hydraulic radius

A
Rh =
P

[ ]
2
D 1
( π −ϕ ) + ⋅sin( 2⋅ϕ )
4 2
h=
D⋅( π −ϕ )

h=
D
4 [ 1
( π−ϕ ) + ⋅sin( 2⋅ϕ )
2 ]
( π −ϕ )

=
D
4 [ 1
2 ]
( π −ϕ )+ ⋅sin( 2⋅ϕ ) ⋅( π−ϕ )−1 ( Eq . c ) Microsoft Equation
3.0

4
Application
 Q= 0.4 m3/s
= A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) (d) D= 0.92054 m
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m

}
2 1
−1 3 2
−ϕ ) ⋅S f= Channel_Circular_fi_Q_D_N_S
f= #VALUE! rad

] [ ]
2 −
2 1 8 −10 5
3⋅( π−ϕ ) 3⋅S 2 3 3 1
ϕ) Q=D ⋅2 ⋅ ( π−ϕ ) + ⋅sin(2⋅ϕ ) 3⋅( π −
Microsoft Equation
2
3.0

Q = D^(8/3) * 2^(-10/3) * ( (p-f ) + (1/2)*sin(2*

⋅N −1 (d1 ) D= 0.92054 m
Microsoft Equation
3.0 f= 2.01322 rad
S= 0.011 m/m
N= 0.0117 -
2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) (d1)
Q= 0.40 m3/s

2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3) (d2)

Using equation (d2)

Q = (S)^(0.5) * n^(-1) * (D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2

S= 0.011 m/m
5 N= 0.0117 -
D= 0.92054 m
f= 2.01322 rad
Heigth to diameter ratio Q= 0.40 m3/s
H/D = (1 / 2) * (1 + Cos(fi))

Top Width
(from Fig. A)
T = 2 * (D / 2) * Sin(fi)

Velocity
v = Q/A

Energy
E = H + v^2/(2*g)

Froude
(see sheet Froude)
Fr = v / (g * hdepth) ^ 0.5
Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5
 6

2
Q D⋅sin( ϕ )
⋅

[ ]
3 g
sin ( 2⋅ϕ )
Microsoft Equation
3.0

π−ϕ+
2
2
Q sin( ϕ )
⋅ 5⋅

[ ]
3
D sin( 2⋅ϕ )
π −ϕ +
2
4/g) * (Q^2/D^5) * sin(f) / (pi()-f+(1/2*sin(2*f)))^3

2
4 Q sin ( ϕ )
⋅ 5⋅ (e)

[ ]
3
D sin( 2⋅ϕ )
π−ϕ+
2
^5) * sin(f) / (pi()-f+(1/2*sin(2*f)))^3 ]^0.5 (e)

f for the ocurrence of critical conditions is determined: Fr = 1

be determined.

Re
v

H
dH hn
n
 dH hn
n

D/
2

D
Figure C. Semicircular
channel

Hydraulic depth
hdepth = A / T

Froude number
(see sheet Froude)
Fr = v / (g * hdepth) ^ 0.5
Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5
g)

Microsoft Equation
3.0

]
−3
D⋅f ⋅D
8 + D*f)^(-3)*D

] ( )
(−3/ 2) (1/ 2)
D
f ⋅ (f )
g
^ (-3 / 2) * (D / g) ^ (1 / 2) (f)

for the ocurrence of critical conditions is determined: Fr = 1

be determined.
 ar channel, critical condition 9 Manning
2 1
For the critical case with
v=R ⋅S ⋅N−1
3 2
1 Q Q
1=
√g 3 q= For_rectangular_channels
2 B
B⋅H A=B⋅H

[ ]
2
3
1 Q 1 3 P=2⋅H +B
H c2 = Hc= q
√g B √g R=
A
P
[ ]
2

[]
1 Q 1
Hc= 3 q2 3
√g B Hc= Q= A⋅v
g 2 1
Q= A⋅R ⋅S ⋅N −1
3 2

[]
2 1
A 3 2 −1
Q= A⋅ ⋅S ⋅N
P
2 −2 1
Q= A⋅A ⋅P ⋅S ⋅N −1
3 3 2
5 −2 1
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
Q= A ⋅P ⋅S ⋅N−1
3 3 2
5 −2 1
Q= ( B⋅H ) ⋅( 2⋅H +B ) ⋅S ⋅N−1
3 3 2

5 −2 1
2 −1
Qmax =( B⋅H max ) ⋅( 2⋅H max +B ) ⋅S ⋅N
3 3

H max =H channel⋅( HtoH channel )max

5
Qmax =( B⋅H channel⋅( HtoH channel ) max ) ⋅( 2⋅H ch
3

10

−2 1
H channel ) max + B ) 3 ⋅S 2⋅N −1

+ B )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

hannel * (HtoHchannel)max
m
-
m B

m
m
m

m
m
m²

m²
m
m
 _Q_D_N_S

]
5 2 1
1 −
3
−ϕ ) + ⋅sin(2⋅ϕ ) ⋅( π −ϕ ) ⋅S 2⋅N −1
3 (d1 )
2
( (p-f ) + (1/2)*sin(2*f ))^(5/3) * ( p-f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3)

_channels

N−1
1
2
⋅N −1

N−1
−2 1
+B ) ⋅S ⋅N−1
3 2

−2 1
2 −1
⋅( 2⋅H max +B ) ⋅S ⋅N
3

HtoH channel )max

5 −2 1

l⋅ ( HtoH channel ) max ) ⋅( 2⋅H channel⋅( HtoH channel ) max +B ) ⋅S ⋅N −1

3 3 2

Hchannel
Hchannel
Equations

Eq. 1 Eq. 7 (Note 1)

Design volume flow rate, with froth Viscosity of slurry
QD,F = (ms /( rP *Cw )) * FF * DF nP = Slurry_Visc_Thomas_Cw_Ss_RhoL_t

Eq. 2 Eq.8
Maximum volume flow rate, with froth Pulp mass flow rate
Qmax = Qnom * Qmax / Qnom * FF * DF mP = ms / Cw

Eq. 3 Eq. 9
Minimum volume flow rate, with froth Pulp volume flow rate
Qmin = Qnom * Qmin / Qnom * FF * DF Qp = mp / rp

Eq. 4 Eq. 10
Specific gravity of solids CS pipe exterior diameter
Ss = rs / rL de = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn

Eq. 5 Eq. 11
Pulp density CS pipe thickness
rP = (rL*Ss)/(Cw+(1-Cw)*Ss) s= Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch

Eq. 6 Eq. 12
Volumetric concentration Lined pipe interior diameter
Cv = 100 * di = de - 2 * (s +sLining)

Eq. 19 Eq. 25 [m]

Relative rugosity [-] Normal height (depth)
Rrel = Rabs / Di hn = Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 20 Eq. 26
Reynolds number Wetted area [m²]
Re = v * Di / n A = Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 21 Eq. 27
Friction factor [-] H to D ratio [-]
f = Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re HtoD=Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 22 Eq. 28
Mc Elvain & Cave correct. factor Hydraulic radius [m]
FL = Slurry_Fl_McElvain_d50_Cv Rh=Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S
Eq. 23 Eq. 29
Manning's coefficient_Channel Velocity [m/s]
N = Pipe_Manning_coefficient_Channel_Rh_Rabs_Re v = Channel_Circular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 24 Eq. 30
Manning's coefficient_Circular pipe, full Energy [m]
N= ( ( f * d^(1/3) ) / ( 2^(11/3) *g) )^0.5 E = Channel_Circular_Energy_Q_D_N_S
 Eq. 13 (Note 2) Note 1
Dynamic viscosity ratio of slurry For heterogeneous slurries,
mp/mL = (1+2.5*Cv+ 10.05*Cv^2 + 0.00273* exp(16.6*Cv)) Newtonian rheology.
Thomas, 1965. (Slurry systems
Eq. 14 handbook [4])
Water dynamic viscosity Equation 1-9 is widely accepted
mL = SaturatedWaterAbsoluteViscosity_t in the slurry industry for
heterogeneous mixtures of a
Eq. 15 Newtonian rheology.
Pulp dynamic viscosity
mp = mp/mL * mL Note 2
Validity 0 % <=Cv <= 65%
Eq. 16
Pulp kinematic viscosity
np = mp / rp

Eq. 17
Limit deposition velocity
vd =Slurry_Limit_Deposition_Velocity_JRI_SI_d50_Cv_D_Ss

Eq. 18
Kinematic pressure
hkinem = v^2 / (2*g)

Eq. 31
Froude number [-]
Height_Q_D_N_S Fr = Channel_Circular_Froude_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 32
Velocity ratio
rea_Q_D_N_S v/vd = v / vd

Eq. 33
Maximum flow [m³/s]
_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S Qmax = Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S

Manning's equation for a channel

ydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S
N=
.
√ f⋅R 1/3
23⋅g
h
Eq .(11)

Manning's equation for a circular

pipe, full
1
 Manning's equation for a channel

N=
.
√ f⋅R 1/3
23⋅g
h
Eq .(11)

Manning's equation for a circular

elocity_Q_D_N_S
pipe, full

√
1
f⋅d 3
N= 11 Eq . (14 )
23 ⋅g
nergy_Q_D_N_S From file:
Pipes . Flow rate and pressure loss equations_
Manning_HazenWilliams_DarcyWeisbach Microsoft Equation
3.0