Resume of channels using a constant Manning's coefficient

Circular channels, normal conditions

Semicircular channles, normal conditions
Rectangular channels, normal conditions

Circular Channel
Input
Q= 0.5 m3/s
D= 0.92054 m
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m

Output

Height H= Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)
H= #VALUE! m

Area A= Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)
A= #VALUE! m²

TopWidth T= Channel_Circular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)
#VALUE!

Froude Fr = Channel_Circular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)
Fr = #VALUE! -

WettedPerime P= Channel_Circular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S
P= #VALUE!

Hydraulic radi Rh = Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N;S)

Rh = #VALUE! m

Velocity v= Channel_Circular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N; S)

v= #VALUE! m/s

Energy E= Channel_Circular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)
 E= #VALUE! m

HtoD_ratio HtoD = Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)

HtoD = #VALUE! -

Maximum flow Qmax = Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S

Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s

Q f(HtoD) = Q= FlowRateForGivenHtoD_HtoD_D_N_S
HtoD = #VALUE! -
D= 0.92054 m
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m
Q= #VALUE! m³/s

Angle f= Channel_Circular_fi_Q_D_N_S
f= #VALUE! rad

Angle "a" for maximum flow in a circular channel

a= 0.502539401 rad
a = p. Case of empty circular channel
a = 0. Case of circular channel full

Circular channels

Circular Channel, critical conditions (Note 1)

Input Q= 0.45 m3/s
D= 0.602 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output

Critical_Heigt Hc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Hc = #VALUE!

Critical_Area Ac = Channel_Circular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Ac = #VALUE! m²
Critical_T Tc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Tc = #VALUE!

Critical_Froud Fr_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Froude_Q_D(Q; D)

Fr_c = 1

Critical_P Pc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Pc = #VALUE!

Critical_Rh Rh_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Rh_c = #VALUE!

Critical_veloci vc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

vc = #VALUE!

Critical_Energ Ec = Channel_Circular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S(C7,C8,C9,C10)

Ec = #VALUE!

Critical_HtoD HtoDc = Channel_Circular_Critical_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

HtoDc = #VALUE!

Critical angle fc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Angle_Q_D_N_S

fc = #VALUE! rad

Note1
Manning's coefficient and slope are required to ensure that
the flow rate is less than the maximum possible flow.
In the given case Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s
Usually the Manning coefficient is assumed to be a constant depending only on the material.
In fact, the Manning coefficient depends on the friction factor f and on the hydraulic radius of the channel
N = (f * Rh ^ (1 / 3) / (8 * g)) ^ (1 / 2)
Where the friction factor depends on the relative rugosity Rrel and on the Reynolds number Re
f = Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re(Rrel, Re)
with the relative rugososity is Rrel = Rabs / d
and the Reynolds number is Re = v * d / KinVisc
The hydraulic radius is Rh = A / p, thus it depends on how full the channel is.
Since the channel properties are all a function of the Manning's coefficient (among others),
the procedure will require the determination of the actual Manning's coefficient for the given application
g's coefficient

Circular channels, critical conditions

Semicircular channles, critical conditions
Rectangular channels, critical conditions

Normal condictions

Semicircular Channel Rectangular Channel

Input Input
Q= 0.5 m /s 3

D= 0.602 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output Output

Height Hn = Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q;D; N;S) Height

Hn = #VALUE! m

Area A= Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S) Hydr. Rad.

A= #VALUE! m²

Top width T= Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N; S) Froude

T= #VALUE! m

Froude Fr = Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S) Critical_velocity

FR = #VALUE! -

WettedPerim P= Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S Energy

P= #VALUE! m

Hydraulic ra Rh = Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)
Rh = #VALUE! m

Velocity v= Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)
v= #VALUE! m/s

Energy E= Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)
 E= #VALUE! m

Hn to (D/2) r HntoR = Channel_SemiCircular_H_to_R_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; N; S)

HntoR = #VALUE! -

Angle or (H- f or dHn = Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_ (See Note 1)

f or dHn = #VALUE! #VALUE!

Note 1
For (Hn to R) > 1, the result corresponds to the difference dHn = Hn - R [m]
For Hn to R <= 1, the result corresponds to the angle f [rad]

Critical condictions

Semicircular channels R

Semicircular Channel, critical conditions Rectangular channel, critica

Input Q= 0.25 m /s 3
Input
D= 0.602 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 -

Output Output

Critical_Heig Hc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S Critical_velocity

Hc = #VALUE! m

Critical area Ac = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S) Critical_Height

Ac = #VALUE! m²
Critical_T Critical_Energy

Critical_Froude Critical_Froude

Critical_P Hydr. Rad.

Critical Hydr Rhc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S Critical slpope

Rhc = #VALUE! m

Critical_veloc vc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
vc = #VALUE! m/s

Critical_Ene Ec = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S
Ec = #VALUE! m

Critical_HtoD

Critical angle f_fi = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_fi_f_Q_D_N_S

(Hc - D/2) f_fi = #VALUE!
s of the channel

ven application
 rev.cjc.18.08.2018

tangular Channel

Q= 0.5 m3/s
b= 1.4 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

H= Channel_Rectangular_Height_Q_B_N_S(H4;H5;H6;H7)
H= #VALUE! m

Rh = Channel_Rectangular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B_N_S
Rh = #VALUE! m

Fr = Channel_Rectangular_Froude_Q_b_n_S
Fr = #VALUE! -

v= Channel_Rectangular_Velocity_Q_b_n_S
v= #VALUE! m/s

E= Channel_Rectangular_Energy_Q_B_N_S
E= #VALUE! m
 Rectangular channels

angular channel, critical conditions

Q= 0.85 m3/s
b= 1.4 m
N= 0.011 -

vc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Velocity_Q_B
vc = #VALUE! m/s

Hc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Height_Q_B
Hc = #VALUE! m
Ec = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Energy_Q_B
Ec = #VALUE! m

Frc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Froude_Q_D
Frc = 1

Rhc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B
Rhc = #VALUE! m

Sc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Slope_Q_B_N

Sc = #VALUE! m/m
 A1. Circular

#NAME?

A1.- Circular channel

Input
Q= 0.5 m3/s
D= 0.6 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output
Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S
Heigth H= Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S)
H= #VALUE! m

Area A= Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S)
A= #VALUE! m²

TopWidth T= Channel_Circular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
#VALUE!

Froude Fr = Channel_Circular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S)
Fr = #VALUE! -

WettedPerim P= Channel_Circular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q;D;n;S)
P= #VALUE!

Hydraulic rad Rh = Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n;S)

Rh = #VALUE! m

Velocity v= Channel_Circular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;n; S)

v= #VALUE!

Energy E= Channel_Circular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, n, S)
E= #VALUE! m

HtoD_ratio HtoD = Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)

HtoD = #VALUE! -

Angle fi = Channel_Circular_fi_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)
fi = #VALUE! rad

Page 12
 A1. Circular

Maximum flow Qmax = Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S(D, N, S)

Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s

Page 13
A1. Circular

Page 14
A1. Circular

Page 15
 A1. Circular

Matrix output
Input
Q= 0.5 m3/s
D= 0.6 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

H= #VALUE! m
A= #VALUE!
T= #VALUE! m²
Fr = #VALUE! -
P= #VALUE! m
Rh = #VALUE! m
v= #VALUE! m/s
E= #VALUE! m
HtoD = #VALUE! -
fi = #VALUE! rad
Qmax = #VALUE! m³/s

Page 16
 A2. Circular Critical

A2.- Circular channel, critical conditions.

Input Qmax
Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S
=
Q= 0.5 m3/s Qmax = #VALUE!
D= 0.602 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m
Note. With only the two variables Q and D, the system cannot cope with all cases.

Output

Critical_Heig Hc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Hc = #VALUE!

Critical_Area Ac = Channel_Circular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Ac = #VALUE! m²

Critical_T Tc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Tc = #VALUE!

Critical_Frou Fr_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Froude_Q_D(Q; D)

Fr_c = 1

Critical_P Pc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Pc = #VALUE!

Critical_Rh Rh_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Rh_c = #VALUE!

Critical_veloc vc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

vc = #VALUE!

Critical_Ener Ec = Channel_Circular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S(C7,C8,C9,C10)
Ec = #VALUE!

Critical_HtoD HtoDc = Channel_Circular_Critical_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

HtoDc = #VALUE!

Page 17
 A2. Circular Critical

Critical angle fc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Angle_Q_D_N_S

fc = #VALUE! rad

Input Qmax Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S

=
Q= 0.5 m3/s Qmax = #VALUE!
D= 0.6 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output

Critical_Heig Hc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Hc = #VALUE!

Critical_Area Ac = Channel_Circular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Ac = #VALUE! m²

Critical_T Tc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Tc = #VALUE!

Critical_Frou Fr_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Froude_Q_D(Q; D)

Fr_c = 1

Critical_P Pc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Pc = #VALUE!

Page 18
 A2. Circular Critical
Critical_Rh Rh_c = Channel_Circular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)
Rh_c = #VALUE!

Critical_veloc vc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

vc = #VALUE!

Critical_Ener Ec = Channel_Circular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S(C7,C8,C9,C10)
Ec = #VALUE!

Critical_HtoD HtoDc = Channel_Circular_Critical_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

HtoDc = #VALUE!

Critical angle fc = Channel_Circular_Critical_Angle_Q_D_N_S

fc = #VALUE! rad

Page 19
 A2. Circular Critical

ons.
Checking witht Hcanales

cular_Qmax_D_N_S
m³/s

pe with all cases.

_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Page 20
 A2. Circular Critical

Note. Hcanales, does not give a solution for Q = 0.5 m³/s and D = 0.6 m.
It indicates, the "H" value is greater than the diameter.
but, the "H" value is Hc = #VALUE!
and the diameter is D= 0.6
Thus, Hc < D and therefore the case has a solution

cular_Qmax_D_N_S
m³/s

_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Q_D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Page 21
 A2. Circular Critical

D_N_S(Q; D;N;S)

Page 22
A2. Circular Critical

Channel_Circular_Critical_Matrix_Q_D_N_S

Q= 0.5 m3/s
D= 0.602 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

H= #VALUE! m
A= #VALUE! m²
v= #VALUE! m/s
E= #VALUE! m
Fr = #VALUE! -
P= #VALUE! m
Rh = #VALUE! m
T= #VALUE! m
HtoD = #VALUE! -
fi = #VALUE! rad

Page 23
 A2. Circular Critical

³/s and D = 0.6 m.

m
m

Page 24
 A2. Circular Critical

Matrix_Q_D_N_S

Page 25
 B1. Semicircular

B1.- Semicircular channel

Input
Q= 0.0068 m3/s Case hn < R
D= 0.6 m
n= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m

Output

Heigth hn = Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S(Q;D; n;S)

hn = #VALUE! m

Area A= Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
A= #VALUE! m² 0.13849293

Top width T= Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S(Q; D;n; S)

T= #VALUE! m 0.601866

Froude Fr = Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
FR = #VALUE! - 2.40335639

WettedPerim P= Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S
P= #VALUE! m 0.9329172

Hydraulic rad Rh = Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)

Rh = #VALUE! m 0.14845147

Velocity v= Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
v= #VALUE! m/s 3.61029268

Energy E= Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)
E= #VALUE! m 0.95920929

Angle fi or fi_dHn= Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S

height dHn fi OR dHn = #VALUE! #VALUE!

Page 26
 B1. Semicircular

Test for a semicircular channel with hn < R

Input Area
Q= 0.0068 m3/s A = (R^2/2) * ( 2*fi - seno(2*fi) )
D= 0.6 m R=
N= 0.0117 - Fi =
S= 0.011 m/m A=

Perimeter
Assumed and iterated value P=
d=
fi = 0.53119 rad fi =
P=
Using the function
Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S Hydraulic radius
fi = #VALUE! rad Rh =
A=
P=
Rh =

Flow rate
Qcalc =
A=
Flow according Mannig´s relation Rh =
S=
N=
Qcalc =
This calculated flow rate Q
the input value Q. That is obtained by i
Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) with the height dHn.
Also, by using the VBA finction.

g= 9.80665 m/s

Page 27
 B1. Semicircular

Test for a semicircular channel with hn >= R

Input Semicircle (exact)

Q= 0.45 m3/s Asc =
D= 0.6 m R=
n= 0.0117 - Asc =
S= 0.011 m/m
Rectangle
Arectg =
Assumed and iterated value dHn =
dHn = 0.04476 m D=
Arectg =
Using the function
dHn =Channel_SemiCircular_fiORdHn_Q_D_N_S Total area
dHn = #VALUE! m A=
Asc =
Arectg =
A=

Perimeter
P=
R=
dHn =
Flow according Mannig´s relation P=

2 1 Hydraulic radius
A Dh =
Q   Rh 3  S 2 A=
N P=

Page 28
 B1. Semicircular

Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) Dh =

Rh =
Rh =
g= 9.80665 m/s

Page 29
 B1. Semicircular

Hcanales does not have this channel type.

Case hn < R Does, no checking with this software is possible.

Rev

S(Q;D; n;S)
H
dHn hn

D/2

D_N_S(Q; D;n; S) D

_S(Q; D; n; S)

er_Q_D_N_S

s_Q_D_N_S(Q; D; n; S)

_S(Q; D; n; S)

_S(Q; D; n; S)

g= 9.80665

Page 30
 B1. Semicircular

Height
A = (R^2/2) * ( 2*fi - seno(2*fi) ) hn = R - R*cos(fi)
0.3 m R * ( 1 - cos(fi) )
0.5312 rad R= 0.3 m
0.00850 m² fi = 0.53119 m
hn = 0.0413 m

d * fi Top width
0.6 T= 2 * R * seno(fi)
0.531 R= 0.3 m
0.3187 m fi = 0.53119 rad
T= 0.3039 m
Hydraulic radius
A/P Velocity
0.00850 m² v= Q/A
0.3187 m Q= 0.0068 m³/s
0.0267 m A= 0.0085 m²
v= 0.8001 m/s

A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) Froude number

0.0085 Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5
0.0267 m v= 0.80 m/s
0.011 - A= 0.0085 m²
0.0117 - T= 0.304 m
0.0068 m³/s Fr = 1.5279 -
This calculated flow rate Qcalc must match
he input value Q. That is obtained by iteration Calculated flow rate
with the height dHn. Qcalc = (S) ^ (0.5) * N ^ (-1) * (d) ^ (8 / 3) * (2) ^ (-10 / 3) * (fi - Seno(2*fi) / 2) ^ (5 / 3) * (fi) ^ (-2 / 3)

Also, by using the VBA finction. S= 0.011

N= 0.012
d= 0.600

Page 31
 B1. Semicircular

fi 0.53119
Qcalc = 0.0068 m³/s

Semicircle (exact) Flow rate

(1/2)* p * R^2 Qcalc = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)
0.3 m A= 0.1682
0.1414 m² Rh = 0.163012 m
S= 0.011 -
N= 0.0117 -
dHn * D Qcalc = 0.4500 m³/s
0.04476 m
0.6 m This calculated flow rate Qcalc must match
0.026856 m² the input value Q. That is obtained by iteration
with the height dHn.
Also, by using the VBA function.
Asc + Arectg
0.1414 m² Height
0.02686 m² hn = R + dHn
0.1682 m² R= 0.3 m
dHn = 0.04476 m
hn = 0.34476 m
p * R + 2*dHn
0.3 Top width
0.04476 T= 0.6 m
1.032 m
Froude number
Hydraulic radius Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5
2*A/P v= 2.67 m/s
0.1682 m² A= 0.1682 m²
1.032 m T= 0.6 m

Page 32
 B1. Semicircular
0.326 n Fr = 1.613 -
Dh / 2
0.163 m

Page 33
 B1. Semicircular

Rev

hn

Page 34
 B1. Semicircular

Q= 0.0068 m³s
D= 0.6 m
n= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m

Heigth hn = Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S
hn = #VALUE!

Area A= Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S
A= #VALUE!

Top width T= Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S

T= #VALUE!

Froude Fr = Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S
E= H + v ^ 2 / (2 * g) Fr = #VALUE!
H= 0.04134 m
v= 0.80 m/s WettedPerime P= Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S

E= 0.074 m P= #VALUE!

Ratio Hn to R Hydraulic radi Rh = Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S

hn = 0.041 m Rh = #VALUE!
R= 0.3 m
hn / R = 0.14 - Velocity v= Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
v= #VALUE!

Energy E= Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S
E= #VALUE!

(fi - Seno(2*fi) / 2) ^ (5 / 3) * (fi) ^ (-2 / 3) Ratio Hn to R hn / R = #VALUE!

Angle fi or dH fi or dHn = Channel_SemiCircular_fiORdHn_Q_D_N_S

fi or dHn = #NAME?

Page 35
 B1. Semicircular

Q= 0.45
D= 0.6
n= 0.0117
S= 0.011

Heigth hn = Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S
hn = #VALUE!

Area A= Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S
A= #VALUE!

Top width T= Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S

T= #VALUE!

Froude Fr = Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S
Fr = #VALUE!
Velocity
v= Q/A WettedPerim P= Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_
Q= 0.4500 m³/s P= #VALUE!
A= 0.1682 m²
v= 2.67 m/s Hydraulic rad Rh = Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_
Rh = #VALUE!
Energy
E= H + v ^ 2 / (2 * g) Velocity v= Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
H= 0.34476 m v= #VALUE!
v= 2.67 m/s
E= 0.710 m Energy E= Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S
E= #VALUE!
Ratio Hn to R

Page 36
 B1. Semicircular
hn / R = 1.15 Ratio Hn to hn / R = #VALUE!

Angle fi or d fi or dHn = Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S

fi or dHn = #VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D

Page 37
 B1. Semicircular

Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S

hannel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S

hannel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_fiORdHn_Q_D_N_S

Page 38
 B1. Semicircular

m³s
m
-
m/m

Channel_SemiCircular_Height_Q_D_N_S

Channel_SemiCircular_Area_Q_D_N_S
m²

Channel_SemiCircular_Top_Width_Q_D_N_S
m

Channel_SemiCircular_Froude_Q_D_N_S
-

Channel_SemiCircular_Wetted_Perimeter_Q_D_N_S
m

Channel_SemiCircular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S
m

Channel_SemiCircular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
m/s

Channel_SemiCircular_Energy_Q_D_N_S
m

Page 39
 B1. Semicircular
-

Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!

Channel_SemiCircular_fi_dHn_Q_D_N_S

Page 40
B1. Semicircular

Page 41
B1. Semicircular

Page 42
 B2. Semicircular critical

B2.- Semicircular channel, critical condition

Input
Q= 0.8 m3/s
D= 0.602 m
N 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output

Critical_veloc vc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Velocity_Q_D_N_S
vc = #VALUE! m/s 2.129619089

Critical_Heig Hc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Height_Q_D_N_S
Hc = #VALUE! m

Critical_Ener Ec = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Energy_Q_D_N_S
Ec = #VALUE! m 0.6940015074

Critical Hydr Rhc = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S

Rhc = #VALUE! m 0.1824006973

Critical area Ac = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_Area_Q_D_N_S(Q, D, N, S)

Ac = #VALUE! m²

Critical "f" or f_fi = Channel_SemiCircular_Critical_fi_f_Q_D_N_S

f_fi = #VALUE!

Page 43
 B2. Semicircular critical

Hcanales does not have this channel type.

Does, no checking with this software is possible.

Rev

H dHn
hn

D/2

Page 44
 C1. Rectangular

C1.- Rectangular channel

Input
Q= 0.6 m3/s
B= 1.4 m
N= 0.011 -
S= 0.02 m/m

Output

Heigth H= Channel_Rectangular_Height_Q_b_N_S
H= #VALUE! m

Hydr. Rad. Rh = Channel_Rectangular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B_N_S

Rh = #VALUE! m

Froude Fr = Channel_Rectangular_Froude_Q_b_n_S
Fr = #VALUE!

Velocity v= Channel_Rectangular_Velocity_Q_b_n_S
v= #VALUE! m/s

Energy E= Channel_Rectangular_Energy_Q_b_n_S
E= #VALUE! m

rh = (H * B) / (2*H + B)
H= #VALUE!
B= 1.4
rh = #VALUE!

Page 45
 C1. Rectangular

s_Q_B_N_S

Page 46
 C1. Rectangular

Checking against Hcanales

Page 47
 C2. Rectangular critical

C2.- Rectangular channel, critical condition

Rectangular channel, critical conditions

Input
Q= 0.6 m³/s
B= 1.4 m

Output

Critical_veloc vc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Velocity_Q_B
vc = #VALUE! m/s

Critical_Heig Hc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Heigth_Q_B
Hc = #VALUE! m

Critical_Ener Ec = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Energy_Q_B
Ec = #VALUE! m

Critical_Frou Frc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Froude_Q_D

Frc = 1

Hydr. Rad. Rhc = Channel_Rectangular_Critical_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_B

Rhc = #VALUE! m

Page 48
 C2. Rectangular critical

Checking with Hcanales

c_Radius_Q_B

Page 49
 C2. Rectangular critical

Checking with Hcanales

Page 50
 Qmax

Angle for maximum flow in a circular channel

The flow rate can be expressed as a function

2
of the diameter and the angle a as follow C 2   -   3

8
5 1
Q
S

 -   (1/2) * seno (2 *  )3 
D3 q Q  C1 
n 10 2 B
2 3 ( -   3
8
S dq dC 1
B D 3
 C2
10
d d
n2 3

dC 1 5
5   -   (1/2
Q  B
 -   (1/2) * seno (2 *  )
3

d 3
2
dC 2 2
( -  3   - 
d 3
5
1
Q
 -   (1/2) * seno (2 *  )3 
B 2
( -   3

1 5 2
Q   -   (1/2) * seno (2 *  )3   -   3 
B
5
C1   -   (1/2) * seno (2 *  ) 3

Input
Q= 4.875 m3/s Qmax = #VALUE!
D= 1.17474 m
N= 0.0119156 -
S= 0.013 m/m

5
8 10 1
 1  2
       seno(2 )      3  S 2  N 1
 3
Q  D 2
3 3

 2 
Page 51
 5
8 10 1
 1  2
       seno(2 )    3  S 2  N 1
 3
Q  D 23 3
Qmax
 2 

For H< D/2

Q= D^(8/3) * 2^(-10/3) * ( Pi() - f + (1/2)*seno(2*f) )^(5/3) * (Pi() - f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

f Q cos(fi)
rad m³/s
3 0.000154 -0.9899925
2.9 0.00154 -0.9709582
2.8 0.0068 -0.9422223
2.7 0.0201 -0.9040721
2.6 0.0472 -0.8568888
2.5 0.0945 -0.8011436
2.4 0.1691 -0.7373937
2.3 0.2774 -0.666276
2.2 0.4250 -0.5885011
2.1 0.6157 -0.5048461
2 0.8511 -0.4161468
1.9 1.1302 -0.3232896
1.8 1.4491 -0.2272021
1.7 1.8014 -0.1288445
1.6 2.1780 -0.0291995
1.5 2.5684 0.0707372
1.4 2.9604 0.16996714
1.3 3.3415 0.26749883
1.2 3.6997 0.36235775
1.1 4.0241 0.45359612
1 4.3054 0.54030231
0.9 4.5371 0.62160997
0.8 4.7149 0.69670671
0.7 4.8380 0.76484219
0.6 4.9079 0.82533561
0.59 4.9122 0.83094068
0.58 4.9159 0.83646265
0.57 4.9192 0.84190098
0.56 4.9220 0.84725511
0.55 4.9243 0.85252452
0.54 4.9262 0.85770868
0.53 4.9276 0.86280707

Page 52
 Qmax
0.52 4.9286 0.86781918
0.51 4.92909 0.87274451
fiQmax = 0.502539401 Qmax = 4.929 (HtoD)Qmax = 0.876
0.5 4.92920 0.87758256
0.4 4.9083 0.92106099
0.3 4.8535 0.95533649
0.21953288 4.791 HtoD = 0.976
0.2 4.7743 0.98006658
0.1 4.6805 0.99500417
0 4.5823 1
f Q cos(fi)
rad m³/s

Page 53
 Qmax

a
2 Filling
C 2   -   3
h
r
1
q Q  C1  C 2 d
B H=r+h
The derivatives are

dq dC 1 dC 2
 C2   C1
d d d

dC 1 5 2
  -   (1/2) * seno (2 *  ) 3   1  cos( 2   ) 
d 3

dC 2 2 5
  -   3
d 3

dq/da = ( (pi()-a+seno(2*a)/2)^(5/3) ) * ( (2/3) * ( pi()-a )^(-5/3) ) + ( (pi()-a)^(-2/3) ) * ( (5/3)*(pi()-a+seno(2*a)/2)^(2/3) * (-1+cos(2*a)) )

To obtain de maximum value, the derivative shall be equal zero

Using solver
The dependent variable dq/da = -9.2229E-07 (must be zero)
The independent variable a= 0.5025394 rad
a= 28.8 º

m3/s

2 1
     S  N 1

3 2

Page 54
 2 1
     S  N 1

3 2
Qmax

* (Pi() - f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

3
Q 2  2 
Fr 2
 D  D f  D
For H > D/2
g  8 
3
  D
Fr  Q    D 2  D 
2 2
f 
8  g
3 1
 
  D
2 2
Fr  Q    D 2  D  f    
8  g

Fr = Q*( D^2*Pi/8 + D*f)^(-3/2)* (D/g)^(1/2)

Page 55
Qmax

Page 56
Qmax

Page 57
 Q(HtoD)

Flow rate in a circular channel for a

given ratio HtoD

HtoD = H/D

f  a cos 2  HtoD  1 Eq. p 

5
8 10 1
 1 3 2
Q D3 2 3        seno (2   )      3  S 2  N 1 Eq. b 
 2 

For equation deductions, see Annex Equations, below

Page 58
 Q(HtoD)

Angle f D2  1
A     
hr 4  2
cos( f )  P      D
r
A
h Rh 
HtoD  P
d Rh 
A
h  d  HtoD     D
D2 
h  2  r  HtoD     
4 
Rh 
2  r  HtoD  r  
cos( f )  D  1
r     
cos( f )  2  HtoD  1
4 
Rh 
 
f  a cos 2  HtoD  1 Eq. p 

Page 59
 Q(HtoD)

Data
Ratio H to D HtoD = 0.321 -
Circle diameter D= 0.92054 m
Manning's coefficient N= 0.0117 -
Slope S= 0.011 m/m

Angle "f"
f= acos(2*HtoD - 1)
HtoD = 0.321
f= 1.937 rad

Flow rate
Q = D^(8/3) 2^(-10/3)*( p-f +(1/2) *seno(2*f) )^(5/3) * (p-f)^(-2/3) S^(1/2)*N^(-1)
D= 0.92054 m
f= 1.9371 rad
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.0110 -
Q= 0.500 m³/s

Checking of "HtoD" for the calculated flow rate using the function
Hto D = Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S
Q= 0.500 m³/s
D= 0.92054 m
N= 0.0117 -
1 S= 0.011 m/m
 S  N 1
2 Eq. b  HtoD = #VALUE! -

Page 60
 Q(HtoD)

Annex Equations

D2  1 
A        seno(2   ) 1 Manning and
4  2  A 2
P      D Q  Rh 3  S 2
N 1
A
Rh  1  f
P Q 2 N Rh6  
A  Rh 3  S 2  N 1  8
Rh  A
    D 1
1 
D2 
     1  seno(2   )
2 N2  Rh3  

4  2  v  Rh 3  S 2  N 1 8
Rh 
    D N2  f 
D  1    
     2  seno(2   )
1
2 1
 8  g 
Rh 
4   v  Rh 3  S 2  N 1 Rh3
   
N2
8  g  1

Rh3
N
f  8  g 
Rh

Page 61
 Q(HtoD)

Using the function

HtoD = 0.321 -
D= 0.921 m
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m
Q= FlowRateForGivenHtoD_HtoD_D_N_S
Q= #VALUE! m³/s

Page 62
 Q(HtoD)

Manning and friction factor

1 0.5
 f 
N Rh6   
 8 g 
1
 f 
N2  Rh3   
 8 g 
N2  f 
  
1
 8  g 
Rh3
N2
8  g  1
 f
Rh3
N2
f  8  g  1
Rh3

Page 63
 Q(HtoD)

#NAME?

Page 64
 Q(HtoD)

#NAME?

Page 65
 Deductions

Deduction of equations for channels

A.- Circular channels

A1.- Circular channels, normal case

A2.- Circular channels, critical case

B.- Semicircular channels

B1.- Semicircular channels, normal case

B2.- Semicircular channels, critical case

A.- Circular channels

A1.- Circular channels, normal case

Geometrical relations for circular channels

1.- Flow area, for a given angle f Eq. (a)
2.- Wetted perimeter Eq. (b)

Page 66
 Deductions

3.- Hydraulic radius Eq. (c)

Volume flow rate

4.- Flow according Mannig´s relation Eq. (d)

Other channel properties

5.- Heigth
6.- Heigth to diameter ratio
7.- Top Width
8.- Velocity
9.- Energy
10.- Froude

A1.- Circular channels, normal case

This deductions correspond to an angle f as defined in the Figure A.

1.- Flow area, for a given angle f in a circular channel

A=
 
A  D2   D 2  2  (1 / 2  r  sin( )  r  cos( ))
4 4
  D D
A  D2   D2  (  sin(  )   cos( ))
4 4 2 2
Page 67
D2 D2 1
A      (  sin( 2   ))
4 4 2
  
A  D2   D 2  2  (1 / 2  r  sin( )  r  cos( ))
4 4
 2  2 D D
A Deductions
 D   D  (  sin(  )   cos( ))
4 4 2 2

D2 D2 1
A      (  sin( 2   ))
4 4 2

D2  1 
A        sin( 2   )  (Eq. a)
4 2

4.- Flow according Mannig´s relation

2 1
A
Q   Rh 3  S 2 (d)
N
D2  1 
       sin( 2   )   D 
4 2 1 
Q         sin( 2   )  
N 4  2 
8  1 
       sin( 2   )  
D3 2 1
Q 10
       sin( 2
N  2
23
8 10 5
2
 1  3
Q D3 2 3        sin( 2   )      3
 2 

Q= D^(8/3) * 2^(-10/3) * ( (p-f ) + (1/2)*sin(2*

Page 68
 Deductions

Relation applied in the code

Q= (S)^(0.5) * n^(-1) * (D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5

Circular flow relationships

1 Flow area
A = (D / 2) ^ 2 * (pi - fi + (1 / 2) * Sin(2 * f (a)

2 Wetted perimeter
P = D * (pi - fi) (b)

3 Hydraulic radius
Rh = A / p (c)

8 10 2 1
2
4Q Flow 3       1  sin( 2   )        1  sin( 2   )   3      S 2  N 1
 D 3  2rate (d1)
       3
2 2

Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) (d)

Q = (S)^(0.5) * n^(-1) * (D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3)

5 Heigth
(from Fig. A)
H = (D / 2) * (1 + Cos(fi))

Page 69
 Deductions

A2.- Critical flow in circular channels

The Froude number is defined as T  D  sin( )

v v2
Fr  Fr 2
 A  A
g   g   Fr 2 
T  T  D6 
Q2 1 64  
Fr 2   Q2 T
A2  A
g  
Fr  3 
2

T  A g 64 Q 2
2
Fr   5
A
D2 
    
1 
 sin( 2   ) (Eq. a)
g D
4  2 

Q2 T
Fr 
2
3

 d2  sin( 2   )   g
      
 4  2  
64 Q 2
Fr   5
Q2 T g D
Fr 2
3

d6  sin( 2   )  g
   
64  2 
Fr =

Using equation (e) the angle

Then, the other properties can be d

B1.- Semicircular channels, normal case

Semi-circular flow relationships (for H>D/2)

(Figure C)

Page 70
 Deductions
For H <= D/2, the relations for circular
channels are valid

1 Flow area
A = (1 / 2) * (Pi() * D ^ 2 / 4) + D * f

2 Wetted perimeter
P=pi()*d/2 + 2*f

3 Hydraulic radius 7
Rh =( pi()*d^2 + 8* d * f) / (4 * pi() * d + 16 * f ) )

4 Flow rate 8
Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)
(replacing equations 1 and 3 in Manni
9
5 Heigth
H = (D / 2) + f

6 Height to Diameter ratio

HtoD_ratio = H / D

B2.- Semicircular channels,critical case

v
Fr  v2
 A Fr 2

g    A  
g   A    D2  D  f
T  T  8 
T D
Q2 1
Fr  2 
2

A  A Q 2 
2
g   Fr     D2  D
T  g 8
Fr^2 =

Q2 T 
Fr 2
Page 713  Fr  Q    D 2  D  f
A g 8

Q2
Fr 
2
 A3  T
 Fr 2  
A2  A 2 Q 2 
g   Fr     D2  D
T  g 8
Deductions
Q2 T 
Fr 2
 3  Fr  Q    D 2  D  f
A g 8

Q2 'Fr = Q * (D ^ 2 * Pi / 8 + D * f) ^ (-3
Fr   A3  T
2

g
Using equation (f) the angle f for t
Then, the other properties can be d
If H< D/2
For H <= D/2, the same
relations as for a circular
channel are valid.

C1.- Rectangular channels, normal case

The height "h" is found by iteration using Manning's equation

Manning
v= (1/n) * R^(2/3) * S^(1/2)
v= (1/n) * ((b*h)/(b+2*h))^(2/3) * S^(1/2)
v= Q / ( b * h)

Q / ( b * h) = (1/n) * ((b*h)/(b+2*h))^(2/3) * S^(1/2)

Q= (1/n) * ((b*h)/(b+2*h))^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * (b*h)

A= b*h
v= Q/A Critical slope
v= Q / ( b * h) If Fr = 1

P= b + 2*h
2 1
R= A/P
R c S  N 1
3
2
R= (b*h) / (b+2*h) 1 c
g  Hc
2 1
g  H c  R c S c2  N 1
3

Page 72
g  Hc 1

2 S c
2

1
R c N
3

1
2
g  Hc
 2 1
R S 2  N 1
3

1 c c
Deductions g  Hc
2 1
g  H c  R c S c2  N 1
3

Froude
g  Hc 1

2 S c
2
2 1 1
R c N
3

Q  A  R  S  N 1
3 2

2 1
1
g  Hc
1 S c2 
v  R S N
3 2 2

R c  N 1
3

v
Fr  g  Hc
gH Sc  4

R c N 2
3
2 1
R  S  N 1
3 2
Fr  g  N 2  Hc
gH Sc  4
3
Rc

Qmax  B  H channel  HtoH channelmax   2  H channel  H

5
3

Qmax = ( B * Hchannel* ( HtoHchannel )max )^(5/3) * ( 2*Hchannel

B= 0.5 m
Hchannel = 1 m

(HtoHchannel)max = 0.6 -
S= 0.01 m/m
N= 0.011 -
Qmax = 0.858 m³/s

v= R^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

R= 0.176 m
S= 0.01 m/m
N= 0.011 -
v= 2.86 m/s

Q= A*v

Page 73
Deductions
A= 0.3 m/s
v= 2.86 m/s
Q= 0.858 m³/s

Page 74
 Deductions

C.-Rectangular channels

C1.- Rectangular channels, normal case

C2.- Rectangular channels, critical case

Qmax

Q(HtoD)

Deductions

Equations

Fluid level

fA Page 75

H
 T

Deductions
Fluid level

fA

f as defined in the Figure A.

cular channel

P     
 D perimeter
2.- Wetted Eq. b 
 )  r  cos( ))
3.- Hydraulic radius
D
  cos( ))
2 A
Rh  Page 76
P
2   ))
D2  1 
       sin( 2   ) 
 )  r  cos( ))

D Deductions
  cos( ))
2 A
Rh 
P
2   ))
D2  1 
       sin( 2   ) 
4 2
 Rh 
(Eq. a) D     

D 1 
       sin( 2   )
Rh   
4 2
   
D 1 
Rh         sin( 2   )      1 Eq. c 
4 2 

Q = A * Rh^(2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) (d)

2 1
D  1  1  3
       sin( 2   )        S 2 8 10
4  2  
Q D3 2 3
 ) 2
2
1
       1  sin( 2   )       S 2
3
  3
2

5 1
2
3 
sin( 2   )    3 S2  N 1 (d1)


) + (1/2)*sin(2*f ))^(5/3) * ( p-f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1) (d1)

Page 77
 Deductions

(2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3) (d2)

6 Heigth to diameter ratio

H/D = (1 / 2) * (1 + Cos(fi))

7 Top Width
(from Fig. A)
T = 2 * (D / 2) * Sin(fi)

8 Velocity
2
v = Q/A
1
2
3
 )      3  S 2  N 1 (d1)

9 Energy
E = H + v^2/(2*g)

10 Froude
(see sheet Froude)
Fr = v / (g * hdepth) ^ 0.5
Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5
(d2)

Page 78
 Deductions

T  D  sin( )

2 Q2 D  sin(  )
Fr  3

D6  sin( 2   )  g
    
64 2
64 Q 2
2 sin(  )
Fr   5  3
g D  sin( 2   ) 
    2 
Fr^2 = (64/g) * (Q^2/D^5) * sin(f) / (pi()-f+(1/2*sin(2*f)))^3

64 Q 2 sin(  )
Fr   5 3
(e)
g D  sin( 2   ) 
    2 

[ (64/g) * (Q^2/d^5) * sin(f) / (pi()-f+(1/2*sin(2*f)))^3 ]^0.5 (e)

Using equation (e) the angle f for the ocurrence of critical conditions is determined: Fr = 1
Then, the other properties can be determined.

ormal case

Page 79
 Deductions

Top width Hydraulic depth

T=D hdepth = A / T

Velocity 10 Froude number

v=Q/A (see sheet Froude)
Fr = v / (g * hdepth) ^ 0.5
Energy Fr = v / (g * (A / T)) ^ 0.5
E = H + v^2/(2*g)

itical case
If H > D/2

 
A    D2  D  f
8 
T D
3
2 Q 2  
Fr     D2  D  f D
g 8 
(Q^2/g)*( D^2*p/8 + D*f)^(-3)*D

3 / 2  1 / 2 
  D
Fr  Q    D 2  D  f   (f)80
Page
8  g
 3
2Q 2  
Fr     D2  D  f D
g 8 
Deductions
3 / 2  1 / 2 
  D
Fr  Q    D 2  D  f   (f)
8  g

Fr = Q * (D ^ 2 * Pi / 8 + D * f) ^ (-3 / 2) * (D / g) ^ (1 / 2) (f)

Using equation (f) the angle f for the ocurrence of critical conditions is determined: Fr = 1
Then, the other properties can be determined.

Manning
2 1
v  R  S  N 1
3 2

For_rectan gular
A  BH
Rectangular channel, critical condition 9
P  2 H  B
A
R
P
Fr 
v
For the critical case with
Q  Av
gH
1 Q Q 2 1
1 q
Q  A R  S  N
3
Q 1 g B 3 2
Fr   BH 2
A gH
2 2
3
1 Q  1  1
 A
3
Q 1 H  2
Hc   q 3
Fr  
BH g H
c
g B
 g  Q  A    S 2
2
P
1
1 Q  1 Q 3
2 2
Fr  H    q 
2 3
3 Hc   
g Q  A A  P S
c
 g B  3 3
BH 2
g
5 2 1
Q  A P
3 3
S 2

5
Q  B  H   2 
3

Page 81 5
Qmax  B  H max  3

H max  H channel  H
 5 2 1
Q  A P
3 3
S 2

Deductions 5
Q  B  H   2 
3

5
Qmax  B  H max  3

H max  H channel  H

Qmax  B  H chann

10

2 1

el max   2  H channel  HtoH channel max  B 

5
3 3  S  N 1
2

^(5/3) * ( 2*Hchannel * ( HtoHchannel )max + B )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

H= Hchannel * (HtoHchannel)max
Hchannel = 1 m
(HtoHchannel)max = 0.6 -
H= 0.6 m

P= 2*H + B
H= 0.6 m
B= 0.5 m
P= 1.7 m

A= B*H
B= 0.5 m
H= 0.6 m
A= 0.3 m²

Page 82
 Deductions

R= A/P
A= 0.3 m²
P= 1.7 m
R= 0.176 m

Page 83
Deductions

Page 84
 Deductions

Application

Q= 0.4 m3/s
D= 0.92054 m
N= 0.0117 -
S= 0.011 m/m

f= 8 10
Channel_Circular_fi_Q_D_N_S 5 1
2
f=

#VALUE! rad 1  3
Q  D3 2 3        sin( 2   )      3  S 2  N 1 (d1)
 2 

Q= D^(8/3) * 2^(-10/3) * ( (p-f ) + (1/2)*sin(2*f ))^(5/3) * ( p-f )^(-2/3) * S^(1/2) * N^(-1)

D= 0.92054 m
f= 2.01322 rad
S= 0.011 m/m
N= 0.0117 -

Page 85
 Deductions
Q= 0.40 m3/s

Using equation (d2)

Q= (S)^(0.5) * n^(-1) * (D)^(8/3) * (2)^(-10 / 3) * (Pi - fi + Sin(2*fi) / 2)^(5/3) * (Pi - fi)^(-2/3)

S= 0.011 m/m
N= 0.0117 -
D= 0.92054 m
f= 2.01322 rad
Q= 0.40 m3/s

Page 86
 Deductions

Manning
2 1
v  R  S  N 1
3 2

For_rectan gular_chan nels

A  BH
P  2 H  B
A
R
P
Q  Av
2 1
Q  A  R  S  N 1
3 2

2
1
 A 3
Q  A     S 2  N 1
P
2 2 1
Q  A A  P
3 3
 S  N 1
2

5 2 1
Q  A P
3 3
 S  N 1
2

5 2 1
Q  B  H   2  H  B   S  N 1
3 3 2

5  2Page 187
Qmax  B  H max   2  H max  B   S  N 1
3 3 2

H max  H channel  HtoH channelmax

 5 2 1
Q  A P
3 3
 S  N 1
2

5 2 1 Deductions
Q  B  H   2  H  B   S  N
3 3 2 1

5 2 1
Qmax  B  H max   2  H max  B   S  N 1
3 3 2

H max  H channel  HtoH channelmax

2 1
Qmax  B  H channel  HtoH channelmax   2  H channel  HtoH channelmax  B   S  N
5
3 3 2

Hchannel

Page 88
Deductions

Page 89
 Deductions

1
2
3 S2  N 1 (d1)

Page 90
Deductions

Page 91
Deductions

Page 92
 Deductions

2 1
H channelmax  B   S  N 1
3 2

Page 93
 Equations

Equations

Eq. 1
Design volume flow rate, with froth
QD,F = (ms /( rP *Cw )) * FF * DF

Eq. 2
Maximum volume flow rate, with froth
Qmax = Qnom * Qmax / Qnom * FF * DF

Eq. 3
Minimum volume flow rate, with froth
Qmin = Qnom * Qmin / Qnom * FF * DF

Eq. 4
Specific gravity of solids
Ss = rs / rL

Eq. 5
Pulp density
rP = (rL*Ss)/(Cw+(1-Cw)*Ss)

Eq. 6
Volumetric concentration
Cv = 100 *

Eq. 19
Relative rugosity [-]
Rrel = Rabs / Di

Eq. 20

Page 94
 Equations
Reynolds number
Re = v * Di / n

Eq. 21
Friction factor [-]
f = Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re

Eq. 22
Mc Elvain & Cave correct. factor
FL = Slurry_Fl_McElvain_d50_Cv

Eq. 23
Manning's coefficient_Channel
N = Pipe_Manning_coefficient_Channel_Rh_Rabs_Re

Eq. 24
Manning's coefficient_Circular pipe, full
N= ( ( f * d^(1/3) ) / ( 2^(11/3) *g) )^0.5

Page 95
 Equations

Eq. 7 (Note 1) Eq. 13

Viscosity of slurry Dynamic viscosity ratio of slurry
nP = Slurry_Visc_Thomas_Cw_Ss_RhoL_t mp/mL = (1+2.5*Cv+ 10.05*Cv^2 + 0.00273* exp(16.6*Cv))

Eq.8 Eq. 14
Pulp mass flow rate Water dynamic viscosity
mP = ms / Cw mL = SaturatedWaterAbsoluteViscosity_t

Eq. 9 Eq. 15
Pulp volume flow rate Pulp dynamic viscosity
Qp = mp / rp mp = mp/mL * mL

Eq. 10 Eq. 16
CS pipe exterior diameter Pulp kinematic viscosity
de = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn np = mp / rp

Eq. 11 Eq. 17
CS pipe thickness Limit deposition velocity
s= Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch vd =Slurry_Limit_Deposition_Velocity_JRI_SI_d50_Cv_D_Ss

Eq. 12 Eq. 18
Lined pipe interior diameter Kinematic pressure
di = de - 2 * (s +sLining) hkinem = v^2 / (2*g)

Eq. 25 [m]
Normal height (depth)
hn = Channel_Circular_Height_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 26

Page 96
 Equations
Wetted area [m²]
A = Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 27
H to D ratio [-]
HtoD=Channel_Circular_H_to_D_ratio_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 28
Hydraulic radius [m]
Rh=Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 29
Velocity [m/s]
v = Channel_Circular_Velocity_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 30
Energy [m]
E = Channel_Circular_Energy_Q_D_N_S

Page 97
 Equations

(Note 2) Note 1
For heterogeneous slurries,

+2.5*Cv+ 10.05*Cv^2 + 0.00273* exp(16.6*Cv)) Newtonian rheology.

Thomas, 1965. (Slurry systems
handbook [4])
Equation 1-9 is widely accepted

aturatedWaterAbsoluteViscosity_t in the slurry industry for

heterogeneous mixtures of a
Newtonian rheology.

Note 2
Validity 0 % <=Cv <= 65%

elocity_JRI_SI_d50_Cv_D_Ss

Eq. 31
Froude number [-]
Fr = Channel_Circular_Froude_Q_D_N_S

Eq. 32

Page 98
 Equations
Velocity ratio
v/vd = v / vd

Eq. 33
Maximum flow [m³/s]
Qmax = Channel_Circular_Qmax_D_N_S

Manning' s equation for a channel

f  R 1/3
h
N Eq. (11)
23  g
.
Manning' s equation for a circular
pipe, full
1
f d3
N 11
Eq. (14)
23 g
From file :
Pipes.Flow rate and pressure loss equations_
Manning_Ha zenWilliam s_DarcyWeisbach

Page 99
References

www.piping-tools.net
Carlos J. Cruz
cjcruz[at]piping-tools.net