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Answer D (Slack – Event – PERT & Float – Activity – CPM)

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Slack (S) = Latest event time (TS or TL ) – Earliest event time (T E)

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Slack can be positive, zero or negative, depending upon the

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relationship between TL and TE

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1. Positive slack (TL > TE) :- It is indication of an ahead of schedule

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condition (excess resources).

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2. Zero slack (TL = TE) :- It is an indication of a on schedule
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condition (adequate resources).
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3. Negative slack (TL < TE) :- When the scheduled time of

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completion, TS (and hence TL) is less than TE. It is an indication of

a behind of schedule condition (lack of resources).
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Critical Path:-

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The less this slack, the more critical an event is.

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A critical path is one which connects the events having Zero or
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 P)
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Answer C

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Slack (S) = Latest event time (T S or TL ) – Earliest event time (TE)

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= 20 – 22

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= – 2 weeks
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Answer A

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Activity P is known as preceding activity, while activity Q is known

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as succeeding activity, in relation to each other.

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1. The activity that are required to be performed immediately
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known as immediate predecessor activity to that activity.

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2. Similarly immediate successor activity

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Answer A

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Types of float

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1. ?

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2. ?

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3. ?

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4. Interfering float:- of an activity is the difference between

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total float and free float. It is thus equal to the head event
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slack. R
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 P)
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Answer A

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The project duration cannot be prolonged unless delay in

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excess of the total float occurs.
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Critical path →
1. Initial event to end event.
2. Critical path passes through those events where slack is 0 or

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minimum. Although, this is necessary conditions but it is not

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sufficient.

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3. In order to identify the critical path, the float concept is more

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useful since it provides the necessary and sufficient conditions

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for the activity to be critical.

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4. Critical path is the longest path through the network and time
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along this path gives the project duration. critical path joins those
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activities which are critical.
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Critical path can be easily determined with the help of total float
calculations. The activities on the critical path are those activities
that have total float equal to zero.
Answer C a) 1-2-4-7-9 → 10+23+12+9 = 54
b) 1-2-4-5-9 → 10+23+0+20 = 53
A (TL – TE – tij = 10–0–10 = 0)

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c) 1-2-4-5-7-9 → 10+23+0+14+9 = 56

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B (10-0-10)

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C (33-10-23)

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D (47-33-12)

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E (47-33-14)

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F (56-33-20)

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G (33-10-15)

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K (56-47-9)
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Answer B
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Answer C
A (TL – TE – tij = 10–0–10 = 0)

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B (10-0-10)

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C (33-10-23)

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D (47-33-12)

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E (47-33-14)

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F (56-33-20)

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G (33-10-15)

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I (35-10-13) R
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K (56-47-9)
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L (48-23-1)
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Answer A
Correct Reason: The TF for the activity 5-7 is zero.

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Total float (5-7) = TL – TE – tij = 47 – 33 - 14

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Answer A

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Drawbar pull is the amount of horizontal force available to a

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vehicle at the drawbar for accelerating or pulling a load.

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Rolling resistance is a resistance which is encountered by a

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vehicle in moving over a road or surface.

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Soft earth offers higher resistance than hard surfaced roads such

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as concrete pavement.

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The drawbar pull will be reduced because the rolling resistance is
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higher.
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Difference in Drawbar pull = W × d(RR)

= 20 tonnes × (40 – 30) t/kg = 200 kg↓
 P)
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