BUTONDO SECONDARY

SCHOOL
GEOGRAPHY FIELD PROJECT .

EXAMINATION YEAR 2024

TITLE
The impact of human activities on the environment (forest) a case study of Mufulira

NAME……………………………………RAYMOND MUKUMA

EXAM NUMBER……………………….190510450033

GRADE AND CLASS…………………….12D

SCHOOOOL………………………………….BUTONDO SECONDARY

SCHOOOL CODE…………………………..5005

TEACHER……………………………………….MRS MALAMBO
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
FIRST AND FOR MOST I WANT TO GRANT MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO THE ALMIGHTY
GOD FOR HIS MERCY AND KNOWLEDGE HE HAD GIVEN ME

 SECONDLY DEVELOPMENT OF THIS FIELD PROJECT WOULD NOT HAVE BEE

POSSIBLE AND SUCCESFUL WITHOUT THE INVOLVEMENT AND COMMITMENT OF
THESE PEOPLE

MR AND MRS CHIBALE MY BELOVED PARENTS THANK YOU FOR THE FINANCIAL
AND ENCOURAGEMENT SURPPORT.

SPECIALTHANKS GOES TO MY TEACHER MRS MALAMBO. SHE PLAYED AN

IPORTANT ROLE IN MY PROJECT BECAUSE ALL THE IDEAS FOR THE PROJEGT
CAME FROM HER.
 DEDICATION
THIS WORK IS DEDICATEED TO MY FAMILY MEMBERS FRIENDS AND MY
TEACHER FOR THEIR TIRELESS SUPPORT AND DAILY PRAYERS WHICH MADE ME
ACCOMPLISH THIS GREAT WORKSUCCESSFULLY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………ii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………….iii
CHARPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………1
LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA……………………………………………………2
AIMS OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………………………..3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………..3
RESEACH QUESTIONS………………………………………………….……………………3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………….……………………………………….4
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………….5
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION…………………………………………………………………….6
CHAPTER FIVE
DATA ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………8
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………….12
RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………………………12
CHAPTER SEVEN
EVALUATION………………………………………………………………………………..13
LIMITATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………13
REFERENCES
………………………………………………………………………………….14
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS…………………………………………………………………15

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

FOREST ARE CRUCIAL ECOSYSTEM THAT SUPPORTS A DIVERSE RANGE OF
FLORA AND FAUNA REGULATE CLIMATE AND PROVIDES NUMEROUSE
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ESSENTIAL FOR HUMAN WELL BEING. HOWEVER,
HUMAN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS DEFORESTANTION LOGGING, URBAN
EXPANSION, AND AGRICULTURE POSE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO FOREST
ECOSYSTEM WORLDWIDE. THIS FIELD PROJECT SEEKS TO EXPLORE AND
ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF THESE ACTIVITIES ON FOREST HEALTH AND
BIODIVERSITY.

LOCATION OF THE STUDY

MUFURILA TOWN IS A DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA, LOCATED ON THE COPPER BELT

PROVINCE. THE TOWN OF MUFULIRA SITS AT AN AVERAGE ELEVATION OF
1,273M ABOVE SEA LEVEL.MUFULIRA IS LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 19
KILOMETRES SOUTHWEST OF THE TOWN OF MOKAMBO AN ITNTERNATIONAL
BORDER TOWM FOUND IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO .A
TARMAC HIGHWAY TO THE SOUTH WEST THE 4M ROAD CONNECTS MUFULIRA
TO KITWE,43 KILOMETRES AWAY .
 MUFURILA

AIM OF THE STUDY

TO DETERMIN THE ENVIROMEMTAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE
LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN MUFULIRA DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA ON THE COPPER BELT
PROVINCE

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 TO IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECTING THE
LOCAL ENVIROMENT
  ANALYSE THE SPECIFIC IMPACT OF THESE ACTIVITIES ON THE
ECOSYSTEM
 EVALUATE THE LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THESE IMPACT
 PROPOSE PRACTICAL SOLUTION TO REDUCE ENVIROMENTAL DAMAGE

RESEARCH QUESTION
 WHAT IS THE CURRENT RATE OF DEFORESTATION IN THE STUDY AREA
 HOW HAS THE EXTENT OF FOREST COVER CHANGED OVER PAST DECADES
 WHAT ARE THE KEY SPECIES MOST AFFECTED BY FOREST LOSS

LITERATURE REVIEW
FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROVIDSNUMEROUS ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND
ECONOMIC BENEFITS, BUT ARE FACING UNPRECEDENTED THREATS FROM
HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

DEFORESTATION AND LAND USE CHANGES STUDIES HAVE CONSISTENTLY

SHOWN THAT DEFORESTATION ANDLAND USE CHANGES ARE SIGNIFICANT
DRIVERS OF FOREST DEGRADATION AND LOSS .AGRICULTURE EXPANSION
URBANIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ARE LEADING TO WIDE
SPREAD FOREST CLEARANCE AND FRAGMENTATION
LOGGING AND TIMBER EXTRACTION :SELECTIVE LOGGING AND TIMBER
EXTRACTION CAN ALTER FOREST STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION LEADING TO
CHANGES IN BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES.ILLEGAL LOGGING
AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES ALSO CONTRIBUTE TOFOREST DEGRADATION
AND LOSS

URBANIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT URBANIZATION AND

INFRAASTRUCTURE CAN LEAD TO FOREST FRAGMENTATION HABIT LOSS, AND
INCREASED HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT

THE ABOVE REASONS CANNOT BE GENERATED TO THE ZAMBIAN SITUATION

HENCE THE RESEARCH WAS UNDERTAKEN TO LOCALISE IT AND TRY TO COME
UP WITH SOME MITIGATION MEASURES TO REDUCE THE EFFECTSC OF HUMAN
ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIROMENT

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
THE RESEARCH EMPLOYED BOTH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND QUANTITAVE
RESEARCH METHOD. THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS THAT WERE USED IN THE
COLLECTION OF DATA WERE INTERVIEWS SCHEDULES ALONGSIDE WITH
OBSERVATION

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
A RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO CHOOSE THE PEOPLE TO BE
INTERVIEWED IN THIS PROJECT REPORT. THE STUDY SITE WAS OBSERVED AND
INTERVIEWS CONDACTED TO TARGETED RESPONDENTS IN THE AEA UNDER
STUDY
DATA COLLECTION
SECONDARY RESOURCES FROM TEXT BOOK AND PRIMARY DATA SOURCE WERE
USED IN THE COLLECTION OF DATA. THE RESEACHER ALSO VISITED THE AREA
UNDER STUDY TO COLLECT DATA USING INTERVIEWS GUIDS AS WELL AS
THROUGH OBSERVATION ON THE AREA UNDER STUDY.

INSTRUMENTATION
THE STUDY UTILISED A NUMBER OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH INCLUDE THE SMART
PHONE, INTERVIEWS, QUESTION GUIDE, OBSERVATION SHEETSPENS AND NOT
BOOKS.THE PEN, PENCIL AND NOT BOOKS WERE USED IN WRITING DOWN DATA
AND SKETCHING OF THE TOWNSHIP. SSMART PHONES WERE USED IN TAKING
PHOTOS SHOWING CAMPUS DIRECTION AND USED FOR TIME CHECKING

DATA ANALYSIS
MUCH OF THE DATA COLLECTED WAS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE AND
THUS IT WAS FIRST SUMMARISED AND SORTED THE ANALYSED USING PIE
CHART TABLES AND BAR GRAPH.

DATA COLLECTION
INTERVIEW:
The researcher used this type of method to collect information whereby the researcher was
interviewing people on how human activities affects on the environment. The information by the
following people when the researcher asked: Kelvin Chibale, Pride Mwape, Dominic
Kashimbaya and my beloved parents Mr and Mrs Mukuma
OBSERVATION:
The researcher carried out this project by observation on the environment Is treated by people
living in it .Many people in the environment misuse the environmental resources such as the
forest by burning the forest, cutting the forest when constructing different infrastructer which
can lead to deforestation and land degradation.
DOCUMENTATION:
The researcher also used this type of research to obtain information on this field project by
reading several books and documents online and in school library.
Data interpretation and analysis
Negative effect of human activities on the environment
Deforestation: this occurs mainly when clearing for for construction and farming purposes and
this same deforestation lead to droughts and displacement of wild life which increases the rate of
conflict between humans and animals.
Land degradation lead to soil missing its fertility and make the land unproductive to some detain
species of animals and plants.
 Conclusion and recommendation
Conclusion:

This field project has provided valuable insight into the impact of human activities on forest ecosystem.
The findings suggest that human activities such as logging agriculture and urbanization have
significantly altered leading to.

It leads to the loss of life both human and animals

Ii leads to land degradation

It also leads soil erosion

It destroy the climate change

Recommendation:

Sustainable forest management implement selective logging reforestation and sustainable force
management practices to minimize habitat loss and fragmentation

Conservation effort establish protected areas wildlife corridors and national parks to reduce
deforestation habitat destruction

Policy reform encourage policy reforms and legislation that protect forest ecosystem and promote
sustainable land use practices

EVALUATION
By evaluating these criterial we can understand the impact of human activities on forest
ecosystem and the effectivenesss of conservation efforts and make informed decisions to
improve forest conservation and sustainable management practice
 LIMITATION
Time and resource constraints limited my restrict the scope and duration of the project
Access restrictions difficulty in accessing remote or protected forest areas may limit data
collection data quality and accuracy limited data availability accuracy and reliability may affect
the project validity

Sampling bias: selecting sampling sites or respondents may not be represent that I’ve of the
entire forest ecosystem