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What is an Evaporating Black Hole?

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Ijaz Durrani Hasnat Tahir

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 © July 2024| IJIRT | Volume 11 Issue 2 | ISSN: 2349-6002
What is an Evaporating Black Hole?
Ijaz-ur-Rehman Durrani 1, Hasnat Tahir 2
1
Ex- Vice Chancellor and Professor of Physics at University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Quality Control / Quality Assurance Engineer at Noor Durrani and Associates, Lahore, Pakistan.
Abstract— Evaporating black holes, proposed by Stephen
Hawking, represent a fascinating intersection of quantum
mechanics and general relativity. This paper explores the
theoretical framework behind Hawking radiation, the
process by which black holes can lose mass and energy
over time. We review the implications of black hole
evaporation for astrophysics, cosmology, and the
fundamental nature of spacetime.
Index Terms— Astrophysics, Black hole evaporation,
Cosmology, General relativity, Hawking radiation,
Quantum mechanics, Spacetime
I. INTRODUCTION
Black holes, massive objects with gravitational fields
so intense that not even light can escape their event
horizons, are a cornerstone of modern astrophysics.
Stephen Hawking's discovery of Hawking radiation
revolutionized our understanding of black holes by
proposing a mechanism through which they can emit
particles and gradually lose mass. Evaporating black
holes challenge conventional views of black hole
thermodynamics and raise profound questions about
the fate of information and the nature of spacetime
near the event horizon.[1]
II. HAWKING RADIATION AND BLACK HOLE
MYSTERIES
In this paper, we begin by elucidating the theoretical
underpinnings of Hawking radiation. According to
quantum field theory in curved space time, virtual
particle pairs near the event horizon can become
separated, with one particle falling into the black hole
and the other escaping as radiation. This process leads
to a gradual decrease in the black hole's mass and a
corresponding increase in its temperature over time.
Next, we explore the astrophysical implications of
black hole evaporation. Primordial black holes,
formed in the early universe, may have evaporated by
now if they exist. The detection of Hawking radiation,
albeit challenging due to its faintness, could provide
IJIRT 166431 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY
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insights into the physics of quantum gravity and the
behavior of spacetime at the smallest scales.[2]
Furthermore, we discuss the information paradox, a
longstanding puzzle in theoretical physics. Hawking
radiation suggests that black holes can emit thermal
radiation without preserving information about the
objects that formed them, contradicting principles of
quantum mechanics. Resolving this paradox is
essential for developing a unified theory of quantum
gravity and understanding the fundamental laws
governing the universe.
III. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the concept of evaporating black holes
represents a profound synthesis of quantum mechanics
and general relativity. While theoretical in nature, the
implications of black hole evaporation extend to
observational astronomy, particle physics, and the
search for a theory of everything. Future research may
focus on refining theoretical models of Hawking
radiation, testing predictions through astronomical
observations, and exploring alternative explanations
for the fate of information in black hole evaporation.
[3]
REFERENCES
1. Hawking, S. W. (1974). Black Hole Explosions?
Nature, 248, 30-31.
2. Page, D. N. (1976). Particle Emission Rates from
a Black Hole: Massless Particles from an
Uncharged, Nonrotating Hole. Physical Review D,
13(2), 198-206.
3. Bekenstein, J. D. (1973). Black Holes and Entropy.
Physical Review D, 7(8), 2333-2346.
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