Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Noor-Book.com الأم 9
Noor-Book.com الأم 9
Noor-Book.com الأم 9
▪emerging markets
1
Dr Khaled
• For example; in 2007 according to the World Bank, the
average GNI per capita of the high income economies was
$37,566 while it was only $578 in low income developing
economies.
Both the relatively lower levels of GNP per capita and large
income inequalities in the developing countries of Asia,
Africa and Latin America, have resulted in widespread
poverty.
2
Dr Khaled
• Low levels of living and low productivity are self-
reinforcing social and economic phenomena in third
World countries.
4
Dr Khaled
• Very high birth rates in developing countries in the
range of 25 to 50 per thousand, while in developed
countries, it is 15 per thousand. زيادة المواليد
9- Technological Backwardness:
5
Dr Khaled
10- Dualism: الثنائية
12- Dependence:
7
Dr Khaled
• The pattern and direction of trade was that; colonies
(developing countries) import all the capital goods,
industrial raw materials and most of the manufactured
consumer goods from the metropolitan countries,
while on the other hand they export one or two
primary products.
8
Dr Khaled
expression, political participation, and equity of
opportunities.
9
Dr Khaled
• Expansionary fiscal policy may lead to high inflation due to
the financing of a budget deficit through the printing of
money.
• Other problems associated with expansionary fiscal policy
include the time lag between the implementation of fiscal
policy and detectable effects in the economy.
• That’s why the classical economists argued that fiscal policy is
not an effective economic tool.
• Most of the poor are located in rural areas whereas most LDC
government expenditures have been directed towards the
urban areas.
• In Africa and Asia, about 80% of all target poverty groups are
located in the rural areas, as are about 50% in Latin America.