SMB31202 ENGLISH FOR

TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

Week 5: Parallelism
WEEK 5:
PARALLELISM

epartment of Languages & General Studies (JBPU)

EMESTER 2, 2023/2024
Overview:
• 7 types of parallelism
• Practices
• Group work: Poster
Veni, Vedi, Vici.
– Julius Caesar

• “I came, I saw, I conquered” (Julius Caesar, 49

BC)

• All of the forms of the speech are the same.

• It has a balanced structure, style, rhythm, clarity,

and emphasis.

• Parallelism is also a stylistic device in literature,

speeches, advertising, and popular songs.
Parallelism
● Buy one, free one.
● Easy come, easy go.
● Like father, like son.
● Flying is fast, comfortable,
and safe.
● His favorite foods are
chocolate, chips, and nasi
lemak.
● I like reading, writing and
painting.
Other Examples of Parallelism
• She likes cooking, jogging and to read.
– She likes cooking, jogging and reading.
– She likes to cook, to jog and to read.
– She likes to cook, jog and read.

• The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence and
down the alley he sprinted.
– The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence
and sprinted down the alley.
• I admire people with integrity and who have characters.
– I admire people with integrity and characters.
– I admire people who have integrity and characters.
 PURPOSE OF PARALLEL STRUCTURE

• To help link related ideas and emphasize the relationships between

them.

• To make writers’ writing more interesting and transparent.

• To make sentences easier to process.

 2. Verb Phrases 3. Adverbial Phrases

1. Positive Words 4. Clauses

Patterns of
Parallelism

7. Mixed Forms 5. Singularity and Plurality

6. Correlative Expressions
 1. POSITIVE WORDS
The food at the new restaurant is delicious, fresh and inexpensive.

The food at the new restaurant is delicious, fresh and cheap.

inexpensive = negative
cheap = positive
 2. VERB PHRASES

I like to eat rich desserts, play fast card games, and solving difficult
riddles.

I like to eat rich desserts, to play fast card games, and to solve difficult
riddles.
OR
I like eating rich desserts, playing fast card games, and solving difficult
riddles.
 3. ADVERBIAL PHRASES

Clear vision is a result of both eyes working as a team when

they work together smoothly, accurately and at the same
time.

Clear vision is a result of both eyes working as a team when

they work together smoothly, accurately and
simultaneously.
 4. CLAUSES

The requirements for an art degree are not as strict as

medical degree.

The requirements for an art degree are not as strict as the

requirements for a medical degree.
 5. SINGULARITY AND PLURALITY

In the computer age, a document is usually used to describe a primarily

textual file, along with its structure and design, such as fonts, colors and
image.

In the computer age, a document is usually used to describe a primarily

textual file, along with its structure and design, such as fonts, colors and
images.

Computers is very important in any companies because employees use it

to write letters, keep records, calculate expenses and do payroll.
Computers is very important in any companies because employees use it
to write letters, keep records, calculate expenses and do payrolls.
 6. CORRELATIVE
EXPRESSIONS
…either ____(A)___ or ____(B)____
…not only ___(A)___ but also ____(B)___
Both ___(A)___ and ___(B)___

(A) and (B) must be written in the same grammatical structure.

Either you write a proposal report or an evaluation report for the class
assignment.

Either you write a proposal report or you write an evaluation report for the
class assignment.
 7. MIXED FORMS
There are many symptoms of troubled teenagers such as depression, anxious,
rebelliousness and withdrawal.

Depression - Noun
Anxious - Adjective
Rebelliousness - Noun
Withdrawal - Noun

There are many symptoms of troubled teenagers such as depression, anxiety,

rebelliousness and withdrawal.
Exercise 1
Instruction: make the
sentences parallel.
 (1)
Students enjoy learning culture in the English language classroom as it helps them to see
the world with open eyes, enhancing their motivation and develop cultural awareness.
1 2 3

Students enjoy learning culture in the English language classroom as it helps them to see
the world with open eyes, to enhance their motivation and to develop cultural awareness.
 (2) 1
At that moment the teacher entered the room, the students quickly moved the chair back
to their own desk, hastily opened the textbook and looked up to the teacher with
suspicious. 2 3

At that moment the teacher entered the room, the students quickly moved the chair
back to their own desk, hastily opened the textbook and suspiciously looked up to the
teacher.
 1 2 (3) 3
Going to a waterfall and listening to the sound of water, inhale the abundant negative
ions, or even take a bath in the chilly water will help you feel refreshed and reinvigorated
instantly. 4

Going to a waterfall and listening to the sound of water, inhaling the abundant negative
ions, or taking a bath/bathing in the chilly water will help you feel refreshed and
reinvigorated instantly.
 (4)
Student from public or private institution can repay their education loans either through
monthly installment or lump sum payment.
1 2

Student from public or private institution can repay their education loans either through
monthly installment or through lump sum payment.
 1 (5) 2
When I was a teenager, I was a cook at a fast-food restaurant, delivered newspapers, and
then I worked as a valet.
3
When I was a teenager, I cooked at a fast-food restaurant, I delivered newspapers, and I
worked as a valet.
OR
When I was a teenager, I cooked at a fast-food restaurant, delivered newspapers, and
worked as a valet.
 (6)
The new budget calls for lower salaries, marketing funds, and shorter hours.
1 2 3

The new budget calls for lower salaries, higher marketing funds, and shorter hours.
 1 (7) 2
In the parade, the Boy Scouts presented the colors, the band marches and the mayor is
riding in a convertible.
3

In the parade, the Boy Scouts presented the colors, the band marched and the mayor
rode a convertible.
 (8)
You may respond by calling, visiting or issue an e-mail.
1 2 3

You may respond by calling, visiting or issuing an e-mail.

 (9)
Vote for Thomas because he is intelligent, caring, honest and work hard.
1 2 3 4

Vote for Thomas because he is intelligent, caring, honest and hardworking.

 (10)
Golf requires hand-eye coordination, flexibility, and to be able to concentrate.
1 2 3

Golf requires hand-eye coordination, flexibility, and concentration.

 Exercise 2
Instruction: make the sentence
parallel.
 (1)
The actor not only wants fame but also money.

(1)
The actor not only wants fame but also wants money.
 (2)
My sister is hoping to finish her degree quickly and without
difficulties.

(2)
My sister is hoping to finish her degree quickly and easily.
 (3)
Stress makes it difficult to exercise regularly, have relationships that are stable
and eating healthy food.

(3)
Stress makes it difficult to exercise regularly, to have a stable relationships and
to eat healthy food.
 (4)
After operating hours, a manager must ensure that the kitchen of a restaurant
be in a clean, neat and everything is arranged conveniently.

(4)
After operating hours, a manager must ensure that the kitchen of
restaurant be in a clean, neat and organised.
 (5)
The lawyer produced the gun, the judge accepted it into evidence,
and it was removed from the courtroom by the bailiff.

(5)
The lawyer produced the gun, the judge accepted it into evidence, the bailiff
removed it from the courtroom.
 (6)
The students were given a week only to check their draft, written a complete
essay and submitting the final assignment of the course.

(6)
The students were given a week only to check their draft, to write a complete
essay and to submit the final assignment of the course.
 (7)
My grandmother told me that she felt a lot happier, more calm being with her family
and being in a good health eating organic food while she was living in the countryside.

(7)
My grandmother told me that she felt a lot happier, calmer being with her family and healthier
eating organic food while she was living in the countryside.
OR
My grandmother told me that she felt a lot happier, calmer and healthier while she was living in
the countryside.
 (8)
The applicants of PR1MA home can make their application either by submitting
the application form to the nearest office or fill in the form at the official
website.

(8)
The applicants of PR1MA home can make their application either by submitting
the application form to the nearest office or by filling in the form at the official
website.
 (9)
Those who always consult with their lecturers and submit their assignments on
time are likely to get good grades than the students who submit their
assignments late and do not make consultation.

(9)
Those who always consult with their lecturers and submit their assignments on
time are likely to get good grades than those who do not consult with their
lecturers and submit their assignments late.
 (10)
Our first day in Seoul was an exhilarating tour, which included: riding the cable
car to Namsan Tower, walking around Gwanghwamun Square, and we also eat
variety of Korean delicacies at Dongdaemun market.

(10)
Our first day in Seoul was an exhilarating tour, which included: riding the cable
car to Namsan Tower, walking around Gwanghwamun square, and eating variety
of Korean delicacies at Dongdaemun market.
Let’s recap

What have you learnt today?

GET IN YOUR
GROUP
Use parallelism on
your poster.
REGISTER YOUR SDG
GOAL