Abst

ract
I
nrur
alar
easandsmal
l
erci
ti
es,l
i
mit
edt
elecommuni
cat
ionsi
nfr
ast
ruct
ure
poseschal
l
engesf
orconnect
ivi
ty,par
ti
cul
arl
yingeogr
aphi
cal
l
yremot
e
r
egi
ons.Thi
stechni
calr
epor
taddr
esses t
he depl
oymentofwi
rel
ess
sol
uti
onsf
ort
heBar
iocommuni
tyt
elecent
reandcl
i
nic,l
ocat
edi
nthe
r
emot
evi
l
lageofBar
ionearKL,Mal
aysi
a.Ther
epor
tfocusesonon-
sit
e
sur
vey
s,har
dwar
eand sof
twar
erequi
rement
s,secur
it
yimpl
ement
ati
on,
andmoni
tor
ingconsi
der
ati
ons.

Key
wor
ds:r
uralconnect
ivi
ty,wi
rel
ess sol
uti
ons,t
elecent
re,cl
i
nic,si
te
sur
vey
, har
dwar
e r
equi
rement
s, secur
it
yimpl
ement
ati
on, moni
tor
ing
consi
der
ati
ons.

I
ntr
oduct
ion
Rur
alar
eas and smal
l
er ci
ti
es of
ten f
ace chal
l
enges wi
thl
i
mit
ed
t
elecommuni
cat
ionsi
nfr
ast
ruct
ure,par
ti
cul
arl
yin geogr
aphi
cal
l
yremot
e
andi
sol
atedl
ocat
ions.I
nthi
sassessment
,wef
ocusonaddr
essi
ngt
he
connect
ivi
tyneedsoft
heBar
iocommuni
tyt
elecent
reandcl
i
nic,
sit
uat
edi
n
t
he r
emot
evi
l
lage ofBar
io nearKL,Mal
aysi
a,whi
ch l
acks adequat
e
t
elecommuni
cat
ioni
nfr
ast
ruct
ure.

Scenar
io:
TheBar
iocommuni
tyt
elecent
reser
vesasahubf
or30per
sonal
comput
ers
(
PCs)i
ntendedf
orcommuni
tyuse,enabl
i
ngaccesst
otheI
nter
netand
essent
ialsof
twar
etool
s.I
tisl
ocat
edi
nasi
ngl
e-st
oreybui
l
dingandi
s
connect
edt
otheI
nter
netv
iaaVSATsat
ell
i
tel
i
nk.TheBar
iocl
i
nic,l
ocat
ed
appr
oxi
mat
ely100m awayf
rom t
het
elecent
re,r
equi
resconnect
ivi
tyt
o

1
bot
hthet
elecent
reandt
heI
nter
net
.Cur
rent
ly,i
thasast
and-
alonePC
pl
acedi
nar
oom f
aci
ngt
het
elecent
re.

Assumpt
ions:

Assumi
ng ourt
eam has been appoi
nted as t
he net
wor
k consul
tant
speci
ali
stst
odepl
oyawi
rel
essLAN t
oanexi
sti
ngwi
redLAN andv
ice
v
ersa,pr
epar
e a det
ail
ed t
echni
calr
epor
tto be pr
esent
ed t
othe
managementofBar
ioSoci
etywhi
chcov
erst
hef
oll
owi
ngcr
it
eri
aforbot
h
Bar
iocommuni
tyt
elecent
reandaBar
iocl
i
nic:

Techni
cal
Recommendat
ions:
1)Si
teSur
veyandRel
atedConsi
der
ati
ons

 Conduct a t
hor
ough si
te sur
vey t
o assess si
gnal st
rengt
h,
i
nter
fer
ence,
andopt
imal
placementofwi
rel
essequi
pment
.

 Consi
derenv
ironment
alf
act
orssuchast
err
ain,bui
l
dingmat
eri
als,
andl
i
ne-
of-
sightobst
acl
es.

 Ensur
eadequat
ecov
eragef
orbot
hthet
elecent
reandcl
i
nicar
eas.

2)Har
dwar
eandSof
twar
eRequi
rement
s:

Tel
ecent
re:

 Wi
rel
essAccessPoi
nts(
APs)
:Ci
scoAi
ronetser
iesAPsf
orr
obust
wi
rel
esscov
erage.

2
  Swi
tches:
CiscoCat
aly
stswi
tchesf
orwi
redconnect
ivi
tyt
oPCs.

 Rout
er:Ci
scoI
SR4321r
out
erf
orI
nter
netconnect
ivi
tyandnet
wor
k
r
out
ing.

Cl
i
nic:

 Wi
rel
ess Br
idge Dev
ice: Ci
sco Ai
ronet Wi
rel
ess Br
idge f
or
est
abl
i
shi
ngawi
rel
essl
i
nkt
othet
elecent
re.

 PC:Addi
ti
onalPCs may be r
equi
red f
orcl
i
nic use,connect
ed
wi
rel
essl
yvi
athebr
idge.

 Rout
er:Ci
sco I
SR4321 r
out
erf
orconnect
ivi
tyt
othe br
idge and
I
nter
netaccess.

Sof
twar
e:Ci
scoI
OSf
orr
out
erconf
igur
ati
on,
CiscoPr
imeI
nfr
ast
ruct
uref
or
net
wor
kmanagement
.

3)Secur
it
yImpl
ement
ati
onRequi
rement
s:

 Ut
il
izeWPA2encr
ypt
ionf
orsecur
ewi
rel
esscommuni
cat
ion.

I
mpl
ementAccessCont
rolLi
sts(
ACLs)t
o cont
rolaccesst
othe
net
wor
k.

 Est
abl
i
shaguestnet
wor
kwi
thl
i
mit
edaccessf
orv
isi
tor
s.

4)Moni
tor
ingandMai
ntenanceConsi
der
ati
ons:

 Regul
arl
ymoni
tornet
wor
kper
for
mance,
signalst
rengt
h,andsecur
it
y
l
ogs.

3
  Schedul
erout
inemai
ntenancet
askssuchasf
ir
mwar
eupdat
esand
har
dwar
einspect
ions.

I
mpl
ementr
emot
emoni
tor
ingt
ool
sforef
fi
ci
entt
roubl
eshoot
ingand
mai
ntenance.

Met
hod-Wi
rel
essBr
idgeConnect
ion

Pr
obl
em:

I
ntheBar
iocommuni
ty,est
abl
i
shi
ngar
eli
abl
eandhi
gh-
speedconnect
ion
bet
ween t
he t
elecent
re and t
he cl
i
nic i
s essent
ial f
or ef
fi
ci
ent
communi
cat
ionandr
esour
ceshar
ing.Howev
er,duet
othegeogr
aphi
cal
di
stance bet
ween t
he t
wo f
aci
l
iti
es and t
he l
ack ofexi
sti
ng net
wor
k
i
nfr
ast
ruct
ure,t
radi
ti
onalwi
red sol
uti
onsar
eimpr
act
ical
.Ther
efor
e,an
al
ter
nat
iveappr
oachut
il
izi
ngwi
rel
esst
echnol
ogyi
srequi
redt
obr
idget
he
connect
ivi
tygap.

Sol
uti
on:

To est
abl
i
shconnect
ivi
tybet
weent
heBar
io communi
tyt
elecent
reand
cl
i
nic,awi
rel
essbr
idgeconnect
ion met
hod wi
l
lbei
mpl
ement
ed.Thi
s
sol
uti
oni
nvol
vesdepl
oyi
ngwi
rel
essbr
idgedev
icesatbot
hlocat
ionst
o
cr
eat
eawi
rel
essl
i
nkbet
ween t
hem.Thewi
rel
essbr
idgedev
iceswi
l
l
f
aci
l
itat
ethet
ransmi
ssi
onofdat
apacket
sov
ert
heai
r,ef
fect
ivel
ybr
idgi
ng
t
hegapbet
weent
het
elecent
reandcl
i
nicwi
thoutt
heneedf
orphy
sical
wi
ri
ng.

Equi
pment
:

1)Wi
rel
essBr
idgeDev
ices:

4
  Ci
scoAi
ronetWi
rel
essBr
idgeorsi
mil
ardev
icesf
orest
abl
i
shi
ngt
he
wi
rel
essl
i
nkbet
weent
het
elecent
reandcl
i
nic.

2)AccessPoi
nts(
forCl
i
nic)
:

 Ci
scoAi
ronetSer
iesAccessPoi
ntsorsi
mil
ardev
icest
opr
ovi
de
wi
rel
essconnect
ivi
tyf
ort
hecl
i
nic'
sdev
ices.

3)Rout
er(
forTel
ecent
reandCl
i
nic)
:

 Ci
scoI
SR4321r
out
erorsi
mil
arf
orI
nter
netconnect
ivi
tyandnet
wor
k
r
out
ing.

4)Swi
tches(
forTel
ecent
re)
:

 Ci
scoCat
aly
stswi
tchesorsi
mil
arf
orconnect
ingt
hePCsi
nthe
t
elecent
ret
othenet
wor
k.

5)PCs/
Lapt
ops:

 PCsorl
apt
opsf
oraccessi
ngt
henet
wor
kandI
nter
netser
vicesat
bot
hthet
elecent
reandcl
i
nic.

Sof
twar
e:

 Ci
scoI
OSf
orr
out
erconf
igur
ati
on.

 Ci
scoPr
imeI
nfr
ast
ruct
ureorsi
mil
arf
ornet
wor
kmanagementand
moni
tor
ing.

Ev
aluat
ion:

 Conductsi
tesur
veyt
oassesssi
gnalst
rengt
handenv
ironment
al
f
act
ors.

5
  Testconnect
ivi
tybet
weent
elecent
reandcl
i
nicaf
teri
mpl
ement
ing
wi
rel
essbr
idgeconnect
ion.

 Ver
if
ynet
wor
kper
for
mance,
signal
stabi
l
ity
,anddat
atr
ansf
err
ates.

Benef
it
s:

 Est
abl
i
shesconnect
ivi
tybet
weent
elecent
reandcl
i
nicwi
thoutt
he
needf
orphy
sical
wir
ing.

 Faci
l
itat
esseaml
esscommuni
cat
ionanddat
atr
ansf
erbet
weent
he
t
wol
ocat
ions.

 Enhancesaccessi
bil
i
tyt
oessent
ialser
vicesandr
esour
cesf
ort
he
communi
ty.

 Pr
ovi
des f
lexi
bil
i
tyf
orf
utur
e expansi
on orr
elocat
ion ofnet
wor
k
i
nfr
ast
ruct
ure.

Chal
l
enges:

 Pot
ent
ialsi
gnali
nter
fer
ence f
rom env
ironment
alf
act
ors such as
t
err
ainorst
ruct
ures.

 Secur
it
yconcer
nsr
elat
edt
owi
rel
esst
ransmi
ssi
onofsensi
ti
vedat
a.

 Li
mit
edbandwi
dthcapaci
tycompar
edt
owi
redconnect
ions.

 Mai
ntenance and t
roubl
eshoot
ing compl
exi
ti
es associ
ated wi
th
wi
rel
essnet
wor
ks.

I
nit
ialset
upandconf
igur
ati
onmayr
equi
respeci
ali
zedknowl
edge

6
  By l
ever
agi
ng wi
rel
ess br
idge t
echnol
ogy
,we hav
e successf
ull
y
br
idgedt
heconnect
ivi
tygapbet
weent
het
wof
aci
l
iti
eswi
thoutt
he
needf
orphy
sical
wir
ing.

 The sol
uti
on enhances accessi
bil
i
tyt
o essent
ialser
vices and
r
esour
ces f
or t
he communi
ty,f
ost
eri
ng communi
cat
ion and
col
l
abor
ati
on.

 Seaml
essi
ntegr
ati
onofwi
rel
essandwi
rednet
wor
ksensur
esr
eli
abl
e
connect
ivi
tyandscal
abi
l
ityf
orf
utur
eexpansi
on.

 Ov
eral
l
,thepr
oposedsol
uti
onsi
gni
fi
cant
lycont
ri
but
est
oimpr
ovi
ng
communi
cat
ion i
nfr
ast
ruct
urei
nrur
alar
eas,f
aci
l
itat
ing soci
o-
economi
cdev
elopmentandempower
ment
.

Ref
erences
1)Ngai
,C.S.B.
,Pau,K.L.
,&Choy
,S.K.(
2007)
.Br
idgi
ngt
hedi
git
al
di
vi
de-t
hee-
Bar
iof
ramewor
k.

8
 ht
tps:
//woul
i
brar
y.wou.
edu.
my/
weko/
eed502/
Bri
dgi
ng_
digi
tal
_di
vi
de_
-
_the_
e-Bar
io_
framewor
k.pdf

2)H.
M.Khal
i
d,M.
G.Hel
ander
,A.
W.Yeo(
Edi
tor
s).Kual
aLumpur
:Damai
Sci
ences.

ht
tps:
//apps.
dti
c.mi
l
/st
i/
tr/
pdf
/ADA437974.
pdf

3)Academi
a.edu.(
2004)
.H.
M.Khal
i
d,M.
G.Hel
ander
,A.
W.Yeo(
Edi
tor
s).
Kual
aLumpur
:Damai
Sci
ences.

I
mpl
ement
ati
on of Wi
rel
ess Net
wor
ks i
n Rur
al Ar
eas.
ht
tps:
//www.
academi
a.edu/
21079046/
Impl
ement
ati
on_
of_
Wir
eless_
Net
wor
ks_
in_
Rur
al_
Areas

4)Pol
i
neBal
a,El
aineKhoo,Pet
erSongan,& RogerW.Har
ri
sPot
ent
ial
user
spr
ofi
l
eandexi
sti
ngcommuni
cat
ionpat
ter
namongt
her
ural
communi
tyofBar
io:A need anal
ysi
sfort
he dev
elopmentofa
t
elecent
re.
ht
tps:
//www.
resear
chgat
e.net
/publ
i
cat
ion/
280223059_
Pot
ent
ial
_use
r
s_pr
ofi
l
e_and_
exi
sti
ng_
communi
cat
ion_
pat
ter
n_among_
the_
rur
al_
co
mmuni
ty_
of_
Bar
io_
A_need_
anal
ysi
s_f
or_
the_
dev
elopment
_of
_a_
tel
ec
ent
re