Alexandria University ‫جامعة اإلسكندرية‬

Faculty of Engineering ‫كلية الهندسة‬

Chemical Engineering Depertment ‫قسم الهندسة الكيمائية‬
Level Three ‫المستوى الثالث‬
January, 2022 2022 ‫يناير‬
Fuel and combustion engineering ‫هندسة الوقودواإلحتراق‬
Time allowed: 120 minutes ‫ دقيقة‬120 : ‫الزمن‬
‫الرقم الجامعى‬ ‫اإلسم‬
General remarks
1. Answer the following questions.
2. Don’t answer using pencil use PEN ONLY
3. Assume any missing data
4. Exam is in Three papers
Examiner: Prof. Dr. Moustapha Ibrahim Salem
Question (1)
1. Furnace is heated using natural gas composed mainly from hydrocarbons (ignoring any inert gases or
sulfur compounds may be present in the fuel). The Orsat analysis for the flue gas is 9.5% CO2, 2% O2,
1.8% CO
a. What is the mole percent of hydrogen present in fuel?
b. What is the percent of excess air used in this process?
‫فرن يتم تسخينه بإستخدام الغاز الطبيعى والذى يتكون كليه من الهيدروكربونات (مع إهمال اى غازات خامله أو اى مركبات كبريتيه قد‬
‫ ثانى أكسيد‬% )9.5( :‫تكون متواجدة فيه) إما نتائج تحليل غازات العادم لهذا الفرن وفقا وطريقة أورسات فإنها كانت على النحو التالى‬
.‫) أول أكسيد الكربون‬% 1.8( ‫) أوكسجين‬%2( ،‫الكربون‬
‫أ – ما هى النسبة المئوية المولية للهيدروجين المتواجد فى هذا الوقود؟‬
.‫ب – ما هى النسبة المئوية المولية للهواء الزيادة المتسخدم فى عملية االحتراق هذه؟‬
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2. Calculate the standard heat of combustion of methane at (500) to form carbon dioxide and water vapor
‫( ليكون ثانى أكسيد الكربون وبخار الماء‬500) ‫إحسب الحراره القياسيه إلحتراق الميثان عند درجة‬
Gas CH4 O2 CO2 H2O
𝑐̅̅̅
𝑃 10.0 7.3 9.9 8.2
∆Hco = -212800 cal/gmol based on CO2 gas and H2O liquid as product of combustion
∆Hv = 10520 cal/gmol (latent heat of water evaporation)
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Question (2)
Give reasons for ‫علل ما يلي‬
1.Solid fuel requires higher excess air than that need for gaseous fuel to insure complete combustion.
.‫ يحتاج الوقود الصلب إلى نسبة هواء زيادة أعلى من الوقود الغازى لضمان اكتمال عملية االحتراق‬-1
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2. Flame temperature decreases as the Hydrogen content increases
.‫ تكون درجة حرارة اللهب اقل كلما زادت نسبة الهيدروجين في الوقود‬-2
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 ‫عرف كل من ‪:Define‬‬
‫القيمة الحرارية العليا للوقود ‪High heat value of fuel‬‬
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‫الحرارة المحسوسة ‪Sensible Heat‬‬
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‫الحرارة الكامنة ‪Latent heat‬‬
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‫القيمة الحرارية الدنيا للوقود ‪Lower heating value of fuel‬‬
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‫كفاءة عملية األحتراق ‪Efficiency of combustion‬‬
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‫الوحدة الحرارية البريطانية‪British thermal Unit .‬‬
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‫السعة الحرارية الجزيئية والضغط ثابت‪Heat capacity at constant pressure .‬‬
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‫السعة الحرارية الجزيئية والحجم ثابت‪Heat capacity at constant volume.‬‬
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‫الوقود ‪Fuel‬‬
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‫السعر ‪Calorie‬‬
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