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Twilight of an Industry in East Africa: Textile Manufacturing, 1830-1940 1st ed. Edition Katharine Frederick full chapter instant download
Twilight of an Industry in East Africa: Textile Manufacturing, 1830-1940 1st ed. Edition Katharine Frederick full chapter instant download
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Twilight of an Industry
in East Africa
Textile Manufacturing,
1830–1940
Katharine Frederick
Palgrave Studies in Economic History
Series Editor
Kent Deng
London School of Economics
London, UK
Palgrave Studies in Economic History is designed to illuminate and enrich
our understanding of economies and economic phenomena of the
past. The series covers a vast range of topics including financial history,
labour history, development economics, commercialisation, urbanisation,
industrialisation, modernisation, globalisation, and changes in world
economic orders.
Twilight of an
Industry in East Africa
Textile Manufacturing, 1830-1940
Katharine Frederick
Utrecht, The Netherlands
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
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This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
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To Ross
Acknowledgments
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Utrecht
March 2020
Praise for Twilight of an Industry in East Africa
“This excellent monograph shows the agency among East African artisans even as
the years 1830–1940 brought challenges to their textile industries. Katharine
Frederick skillfully employs archival and statistical data, comparing textile produc-
tion and marketing in East Africa with comparisons to West Africa. Her microeco-
nomic framework explores the specifics of climate shifts, colonial taxation, labor
recruitment, consumer tastes, and social changes. This analysis of economic fates
in continental context contests simplified notions that the global market and colo-
nialism imposed a uniform underdevelopment on Africa.”
—Patrick Manning, Andrew Mellon Professor of World History, Emeritus,
University of Pittsburgh, USA
xiii
xiv CONTENTS
Index251
List of Figures
xvii
xviii LIST OF FIGURES
xix
CHAPTER 1
1
The research for this monograph derives from the project “Unravelling the African textile
mystery: A quantitative investigation of global and local factors in sub-Saharan Africa’s long-
term industrial lethargy,” funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
(NWO) and the N.W. Posthumus Institute and carried out at Wageningen University &
Research. The final manuscript was completed while working as a postdoctoral researcher at
Utrecht University on the European Research Council project “Race to the bottom? Family
labour, household livelihood and consumption in the relocation of global cotton manufac-
turing, ca. 1750–1990” (ERC CoG, grant number 771288—TextileLab).
2
In the context of this study, the term “industry” broadly includes handicraft production,
which has traditionally served as a forerunner to further manufacturing development.
Likewise, the term “deindustrialization” is used here to refer to the disappearance of handi-
craft industries.
3
Much of the spotlight has been placed on Asia and Latin America (see, e.g., Pomeranz
2000; Parthasarathi 2011; Williamson 2006).
4
For an early proponent of this perspective, see Rodney (1972).
5
For existing treatment of East African cases, see Kjekshus (1977, 105–109); Davison and
Harries (1980); Alpers (2009, 79–98); Clarence-Smith (2014); Mandala (1990, 41–44).
1 INTRODUCTION 3
The central questions addressed throughout this book are: when and
why did handicraft cloth industries in East Africa decline? How did cloth
imports affect domestic textile industries during the nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries? And what role did global and local forces play in
influencing local production choices? Although analytical emphasis is
placed on East Africa, this study takes a broader comparative approach to
better evaluate the purportedly central role played by global forces.
In-depth case studies focus on the disappearance of cotton cloth produc-
tion in central and southern East Africa during the nineteenth and twenti-
eth centuries, but findings are considered in light of existing studies on
more resilient textile industries in both northern East Africa and West
Africa, which encountered similar global forces during the nineteenth and
twentieth century. Regional comparison highlights the unique periodiza-
tion and pathways of industrial decline (or persistence) in different African
locales, challenging one-size-fits-all deindustrialization suppositions and
offering more nuanced insights into sub-Saharan Africa’s piece of the
global textile puzzle.
This study provides the first long-term quantification of cloth imports
into East Africa from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century,
detailing the scale, composition, and pricing of imports, which is a crucial
step in investigating any relationship between cloth imports and deindus-
trialization. As this first chapter will illustrate, these data suggest that com-
petition from imported cloth is indeed an insufficient explanation for the
deterioration of domestic textile industries in the region and elsewhere in
sub-Saharan Africa. In some parts of East Africa, textile manufacturing
disappeared before cloth imports ramped up. Furthermore, cloth produc-
ers residing in northern East Africa persevered much longer than their
central and southern East African neighbors in spite of significantly higher
per capita import levels. Similarly, West Africa imported more cloth per
capita than East Africa, yet handicraft production continued to thrive in
the west after similar industries waned in much of the east. Competition-
centered explanations have evidently overlooked other decisive mecha-
nisms that affected differing regional production outcomes in late
pre-colonial and early colonial sub-Saharan Africa. This book highlights
the importance of bringing local factors into the deindustrialization equa-
tion. Comparative analysis reveals that local conditions played a key role in
determining how global forces affected domestic industries across sub-
Saharan Africa. In some cases, for example, growth in global trade helped
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