‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‪٨٣/١٢/٢٤ :‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪٨٤/٢/١٧ :‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻻﻳﻨﻔﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻣﺎﺝ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﺑﺮﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻨﺎﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﭼﻴـﺰﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺩﻳﺒﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺩﺑﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫‪Archive of SID‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺮﺷــــــــــﻜﻦ ﺷــــــــــﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤــــــــــﻪ ﻃﻮﻃﻴــــــــــﺎﻥ ﻫﻨــــــــــﺪ‬
‫ﺯﻳـــــــﻦ ﻗﻨـــــــﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺳـــــــﻲ ﻛـــــــﻪ ﺑـــــــﻪ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻟـــــــﻪ ﻣـــــــﻲﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤـﺎﻥ ﺿـﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧـﻪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﻣﻘـﺼﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‬
‫)ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺗﺲ‪ .(٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺮﻣﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻀﺤﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺣﺶ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ‪ Silicon Valley‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺭﮊﻳﻢ ﻻﻏﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﻭ ﻻﻏﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ Lean Beef‬ﻳﺎ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻲﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﭼـﺸﻢ ﻣـﻲﺧـﻮﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ »ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ« )ﺭﺷﻴﺪﯼ‪،١٣٧٨ ،‬ﺹ‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﮑﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ »ﺑﻪ ﮐﺴﯽ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﯼ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺨﺸﺪ« )ﭘﺎﺯﺍﺭﮔﺎﺩﯼ‪ ،١٣٦٢ ،‬ﺹ‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻫﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺘﻦ )ﺭﺷﻴﺪﯼ‪ ،١٣٧٨ ،‬ﺹ ‪ (١٩‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻻﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲﻫﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺯﻣـﺮﻩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺞ ﻭ ﺑﻼﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻣﯽﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺳﺨﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‪ Internet ، RAM ، Click, Mouse Mat ،‬ﻭ … ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ؟ ﺁﻳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ؟ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻂ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪ؟ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻﻔﺎﺭﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳـﻮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺻﻔﺎﺭﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،١٣٨٠ ،‬ﺹ ‪.(٢١‬‬
‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫‪ of‬ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪Archive‬‬ ‫‪SID‬ﻭ ﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ )‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ( ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻥﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻭﮔﺮﻧﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﮊﺓ ﻫﻠﻴﻜﻮﭘﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ )ﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮﺩ ـ ﭼﺮﺧﺒﺎﻝ ـ ﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ( ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﺟﺰ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺩﺭﮔﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻋﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﺮﺩﻡ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻛﺴﭙﺮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺷﺨـﺼﻲ »ﭘـﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻲ« ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﮊﺓ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻭﺍﮊﺓ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ »ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ« ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤـﺪﺗﺎﹰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘـﺴﺖ ﺍﻛـﺴﭙﺮﺱ ﻣﻨﺘـﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﮊﺓ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳـﺴﻚ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬
‫)ﺳﻲ(ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ )ﺍﭺ‪ .‬ﺗﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻲ‪ .‬ﭘﻲ( ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ )ﺿﺪ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ( ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ، ٣٥‬ﺹ ‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺳﺮ ﺩﺭﮔﻤﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻟﺒﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺪﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮﻥ ﻛـﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺮﻭﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺯﻳﺮﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ )‪ (Word‬ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ )؟( ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻲﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﻮﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﻫـﺮ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﺔ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲﻫﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫»ﺯﺑﺎﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺴﺘﻪ« ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ‪ Applied Linguistics‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﺎﹰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺡ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻨﺸﻴﻦﺗﺮ »ﺯﺑﺎﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ« ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻴﻨـﺎﹰ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺟـﺬﺍﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻴﺲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﺞﺳﻠﻴﻘﮕﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ Challenge‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺷﻚ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺎﻱ ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒـﺎﺭﺯﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮﺍﺱ ﻭﺍﻫﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫـﺴﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺳـﻴﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺯﻣﺰﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺰﻣﺰﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻋﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻋﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺯﺑﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻏﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺴﺎﻥﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻧــﻲ ﺭﺍﻳــﺖ ﺩﻫـــﺮﺍﹰ ﻣــﻦ ﻫﺠــﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣــﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﻥ ﺩﻝ ﻧـﻮﺷﺘﻢ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﻣـــﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴـــﺴﺖ ﺩﻣـــﻮﻉ ﻋﻴﻨــﻲ ﻫــﺬﺍ ﻟﻨــﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣــﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻗـﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺻـﺪ ﻋﻼﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﻣــﻦ ﺟــﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠــﺮﺏ ﺣﻠــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﻣــﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮ ﭼـﻨﺪ ﻛـﺎﺯﻣـﻮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﻱ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩ ﺳــﻮﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻓــﻲ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﻫــﺎ ﻋــﺬﺍﺏ ﻓــﻲ ﻗﺮﺑﻬــﺎ ﺍﻟــﺴﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻴـﺪﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺣـﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻔﺘـــﺎ‬ ‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﷲ ﻣــﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻨـ ــﺎ ﺣـﺒـ ــﺎﹰ ﺑـ ــﻼ ﻣـ ــﻼﻣﻪ ‪Archive of SID‬‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘـﻢ ﻣﻼﻣﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﮔـــﺮﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺘــﻲ ﻳ ــﺬﻭﻕ ﻣﻨ ــﻪ ﻛــﺎ ﺳ ـﺎﹰ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣــﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﭼﻮ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺟﺎﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﻛـﺞ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻴﻘﮕﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺠﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻃـﺐ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ »ﮔﻞ ﺁﻗﺎ« ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﺁﻥﻛـﻪ ﻧﻮﻳـﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻫﻴﺨﺘﺔﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔﻃﻨﺰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺼﻨﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺖ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ!‬

‫ﻏﺮﻕ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨـﻴﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺡ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻧﺒﺸﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺑﺮﮒ ﺩﺷﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻛﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺭﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻧـﺪﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺯﺧﻤـﻪ ﻓـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺁﺗﺸﺰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺱ ﺑﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺳﻲ!‬
‫)»ﮔﻞ ﺁﻗﺎ«‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪(١٣٧٨ ،‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪،‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ١‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ٢‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺎﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺍﺟﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻤﺎﺟﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻣﻦ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺩﭘﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫»ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ« ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ »ﺑﺪﻝ« ﻳﻌﻨﻲ »ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ« ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺞﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲﺗـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﻴﻄﺔ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗﺤـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴـﺴﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕﺍﻧـﺪ )ﻟﻄﻔـﯽﭘـﻮﺭ ﺳـﺎﻋﺪﯼ‪،١٣٧١ ،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ .(١٠٠‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺧﺒـﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﻛـﺎﻣﻼﹰ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺞﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﺁﻥﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﺔ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﺔ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜـﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ »ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ« )‪ (It is said‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﺪ‬

‫‪1- Interlanguage‬‬
‫‪2- acronym‬‬ ‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫‪Archive of SID‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼﹰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﺯﻳﺒـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺷﺎﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺫﺑﻴﺢﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺻﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻤﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﻲ ﺷﻴﻮﺍ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻫﺔ ‪ ١٣٦٠‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﯽ ﺁﺷﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ »ﺩﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎﹰ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ« )ﺧﺰﺍﻳﯽﻓﺮ‪ ،١٣٧١ ،‬ﺹ‪.(٩٥‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻮﻳﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﻪﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻓـﻮﺭ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕﻫﺎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺗـﺎﻕ ﺧﻮﺍﺑﺘـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ـ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺗﺨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻼﻓﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ـ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻫﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ـ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺵ ﺍﺻﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ـ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﻮﻃﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺒﺖﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺑﺎﮊﻭﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ٢١ ،‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ‪ ،١٣٧٦‬ﺹ ‪(٥‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻒ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺝ ﻭ ﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﹰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍﹰ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻧﻲﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﭘﺴﻨﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﹰ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻤﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻨﺎﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺣﻴﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺯﺣﻤﺖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻧﮕـﺎﺭﺵ ﻧﻮﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺠﺎﻭﻧﺪﻱ‪ ٣‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﺤﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﺵ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻏﺎﻳﺒﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟـﺔ ﻧﺨـﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻛـﺴﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ) ‪ ) ،( : ) ، ( ،‬؛ ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﻤﺮﺍﻫﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺄﺳﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻼﺋـﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻲﺗﻮﺟﻬﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫‪3- Punctuation‬‬ ‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬

‫‪Archive of SID‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﻮﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻣﺸﻘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺑـﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺑـﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺟـﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻬﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻟﺴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ The Measured Words‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻬﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻼﺀ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻔـﻆ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺰﻳـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ .India’s Nuclear Policy Unclear , Eurocrat ،Bootifwl :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺠﻊ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﺠﻊ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ‪ ٤‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺗﻀﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﯼ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﯼ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻣﺮﯼ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳـﯽ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻧﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻏﻨﯽﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ٢١ ،١٣٧٦ ،‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺛﺮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.١٣٧٤ ،‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﭘﺎﺯﺍﺭﮔﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺀﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪.١٣٦٢ ،‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ، ٧‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٣٥‬ﻧﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻱ ‪.١٣٧٥‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺧﺰﺍﻳﻲﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺱ‪.١٣٧١ ،‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺭﺷﻴﺪﯼ‪ ،‬ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‪.١٣٧٨ ،‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺻﻔﺎﺭﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪.١٣٨٠ ،‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻟﻄﻔﯽﭘﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﯼ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻇﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.١٣٧١ ،‬‬
‫‪9- Roberts, Roda Translation in Kaplan R. (Ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Applied Linguistics OUP 2002 pp 429-442.‬‬

‫‪4- Alliteration‬‬ ‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬