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Electromechanical Energy Conversion

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1

CHAPTER # 4

DC Machines

108
 4.1 Electromagnetic Conversion

1. When a conductor moves in a magnetic field,

voltage is induced in the conductor.

2. When a current-carrying conductor is

placed in a magnetic field, the conductor
experiences a mechanical force.

Motion Voltage, e

Voltage induced in a conducting in a magnetic

field.
e = Blv (4.1)

109
 5

Electromagnetic Force, f

f = Bli (4.2)

110
Basic Structure of Electric Machines

Stator: This part of the machine is not move

and normally is the outer part of the
machine

Rotor: This part of the machine is free to

move and normally is the inner part of
the machine

111
 9

DC Machine

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112
 Induction Machine

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Synchronous Machine

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113
 4.2 DC Machines
4.2.1 Construction

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14

114
 4.2.2
Evolution
of DC
Machines

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16

115
 17

4.2.3 Armature Windings

Turn : consists of two conductors connected to one end
by an end connector.
Coil : is formed by connecting several turns in series.
Winding: formed by connecting several coils in series.

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116
θmd = mechanical degree or angular measure in space
θed = electrical degree or angular measure in cycle

p
θed = θ (4.3)
2 md

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360md
One pole pitch = 180ed =
p

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117
Coil pitch : distance between the two sides of coil.
Full-pitch coil: coil pitch is one pole pitch
Fractional-pitch coil or short-pitch coil: coil pitch is less
than one pole pitch

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Wave
Winding

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118
4.2.4 Armature Voltage

et = 2B(θ)l ωm r (4.4)

l = length of the conductor

ωm = mechanical speed
r = distance of conductor
(radius of armature)

e t = 2B(θ)l ωm r (4.5)

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Φ = flux per pole

2prl
A = area per pole =
p

Φ Φp
B(θ) = = (4.6)
A 2πrl
Φp
et = ω (4.7)
π m
N
Ea = et (4.8)
a
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119
 Np
Ea = Φωm
πa
Ea = Ka Φωm (4.9)

Np
Ka = (4.10)
πa

Zp
Ka = (4.11)
2πa

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120