STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL

FLUORESCENT PENETRANT INSPECTION - STATIONARY POST-EMULSIFIABLE - TEST FOR

SURFACE CRACKS WITH DYE PENETRANT

TASK 70-32-15-230-009

1. General.

A. This is a post-emulsifiable, Ultra high sensitivity, Level 4,

fluorescent-penetrant inspection process. It uses a penetrant, a
remover, and a non-aqueous wet developer. The method of penetrant
application (immersion, spraying, brushing, or flowing) depends on
the size and configuration of the part being inspected. Immersion
method is preferred except when parts have areas where penetrant may
become entrapped.

B. If visible non fluorescent color dye penetrant has been used on

parts which are to be subsequently inspected with fluorescent
penetrants, the contamination by the dye may prevent reliable
fluorescent-penetrant inspection. Any color dye indications evident
by white light visual inspection shall be considered valid indications
even if not detectable by ultraviolet light.

C. Titanium alloy parts are subject to stress corrosion cracking when

residues of halogen containing compounds remain on a part that is
subsequently subjected to elevated temperatures typical of welding,
heat treating, or engine operation. These parts must be thoroughly
cleaned with non halogen compounds after exposure to any halogen
containing compound to prevent the cracking and possible failure of
parts. When using water for processing parts made of titanium or
titanium alloy, deionized water should be used whenever possible.

D. The remover is gradually contaminated with penetrant during use.

Therefore, it must periodically be compared to a retained standard
sample. Every time a new mixture of remover is prepared, a master
sample shall be obtained and kept as a standard sample for comparison
test purposes.

E. Observe the Following:

(1) Parts must be thoroughly cleaned before being subjected to the
inspection process to accomplish a proper inspection materials.
(2) Penetrant inspection shall always precede magnetic-particle
inspection when both inspection are required.
(3) Plug or cap tubes and holes in the parts to be inspected to
prevent inspection materials from being entrapped.
(4) Fluorescent penetrants and removers used together in an
inspection process should be the products of one manufacturer.
Developers supplied by other manufacturers may be used in this
process.
(5) If automatic or mechanized inspection processing systems are to
be used, they should control the process in such a manner that
defect detectability is equivalent to manual operations.

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2. Equipment.

A. Tanks for penetrant and removers. Tanks should have the following:
(1) Construction of noncorrosive materials.
(2) Drain racks and splash guards to prevent contamination of
adjacent tanks.
(3) Covers to protect contents when not in use.
(4) Identification signs for the material in each tank.
(5) Agitator (air, motor driven propeller, or pumping system) for
water soluble remover tank.

B. Spray booths for penetrants and developers when materials are applied
by spray. Spray booths should have the following:
(1) Adequate exhaust provisions to prevent inhalation of vapors by
operators, and accumulation of flammable penetrant mists.
(2) Construction that will prevent contamination of process
materials and nearby parts being processed.

C. Water system to provide washing and rinsing water. Water system

should have the following:
(1) Water at ambient temperature.
(2) Hose and spray nozzle to provide directed flow of water as
droplets or mist.
(3) Water pressure at spray nozzle to be approximately 30 psi
(210 kPa). Pressure should not exceed 60 psi (415 kPa). If
necessary, it is acceptable to add filtered air supply to nozzle
to obtain a spray.
(4) Deionized water source for cleaning parts made of titanium or
titanium alloys.
(5) Ultraviolet lamp available to check effectiveness of water
washing.

D. Circulating hot air dryer. The dryer should have the following:
(1) Capability to maintain 140 degF (60 degC)-160 degF (70 degC).
(2) Indicating device for air temperature.

E. Inspection booth or darkroom which prevents excessive admission of

white light. Excessive white light will interfere with detection of a
rejectable size indication. A test part having a known defect can be
used to evaluate effectiveness of white light shielding.

F. Compressor air supply for drying parts. Air supply must have filters
to remove oil and moisture which can contaminate parts or inspection
materials.

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CAUTION: THE USE OF HIGH INTENSITY (125 W) ULTRAVIOLET BULBS WHICH EMIT
AN EXCESS AMOUNT OF WHITE LIGHT WILL AFFECT THE SENSITIVITY OF
THE FLUORESCENT-PENETRANT PROCESS. USE ONLY BULBS CERTIFIED
BY THE NDT ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER AS HAVING PASSED
THEIR IN-HOUSE INSPECTION. IN ADDITION, THESE HIGH INTENSITY
BULBS SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY TESTED FOR WHITE LIGHT EMISSION
PER STANDARD PRACTICE 70-00-06, ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT TEST - OTHER
CHECK.

G. Ultraviolet Lamp to Detect Fluorescent Indications.

(1) The ultraviolet (black) light source used for the detection
of indications shall have an intensity no less than 1200
microwatts/cm2 measured at a distance of 15 in (380 mm). In
addition, high intensity self filtered 125 W bulbs shall be
tested for white light emission per 70-00-06, ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
TEST - OTHER CHECK to verify that white light emission is within
acceptable limits.

H. White light lamp for visual inspection of parts.

I. Time controls for each operation. Controls may be:

(1) Automatic devices.
(2) Timers with alarms.

J. Tools for inspection personnel. Tools should consist of at least the

following:
(1) Three-power or 10-power magnifying lenses.
(2) Assorted adjustable mirrors.
(3) Gages to measure size of fluorescent indications.
(4) Cotton swabs or small fine-hair art brush to apply solvent for
evaluating questionable indications.

3. Materials.

NOTE: All materials are used at ambient temperature. The following

materials may be used for this class of inspection.

A. Penetrant Inspection Systems

Penetrant Oil Soluble Hydrophilic Non-Aqueous Wet

Inspection Penetrants Removers Developers
Systems

ARDROX 9814 (CP3015) 9881 (CP3016) 9D1/B (CP3008)

Fluro-Chek P60H-2 (CP3208) E41LF (CP3206) NAD-NF (CP2146)

P60H-3 (CP3209)

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Penetrant Oil Soluble Hydrophilic Non-Aqueous Wet

Inspection Penetrants Removers Developers
Systems

MET-L-CHECK FP97A (CP3315) E58D (10%) D70 (CP3318)

(CP3316)

SHERWIN RC77 (CP3302) ER83A (CP3306) D100 (CP3308)

ZYGLO ZL30A (CP2141) ZR10A (CP2137) ZP9E or F (CP3106)

ZL37 (CP3104) ZR10B (CP3105)

ZR10C (CP3105)

Table 001 - Penetrant Inspection Systems

NOTE: Hydrophilic remover concentration is 20% maximum unless

otherwise noted for the dip method. Hydrophilic remover
concentration is 5% maximum for the spray application method.

CAUTION: TITANIUM PARTS REQUIRE THE USE OF NON-HALOGENATED SOLVENT.

B. Solvents

Consumable Product (No)

(1) (CP1041) ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (halogen free)

(2) (CP1040) METHYL ETHYL KETONE (halogen free)

(3) (CP1039) ACETONE (halogen free)

Table 002 - Solvents

Non-aqueous wet developers are approved for use in aerosol spray only.
Tracer-Tech solvent mixed developers D499C is approved for bulk use
with any penetrant system. A developer from one manufacturer may be
substituted for another manufacturer’s developer.

4. Procedure.

NOTE: Parts must be thoroughly cleaned accordingly to the Cleaning

Chapter of the parts in the ESM before subjecting to the inspection
process. All tubes and holes in the part being inspected shall
be capped to prevent penetrant or other material from becoming
entrapped.

A. Processing of Parts.

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WARNING: PENETRANT IS FLAMMABLE. THE FLASH POINT OF PENETRANT

IS CONSIDERABLY LOWERED WHEN USED AS A FINE SPRAY. TAKE
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE.

(1) Application of penetrant.

(a) Apply penetrant by immersion, spraying, brushing, or
flowing. Immersion is preferred except when parts have
areas where penetrant may be entrapped.
(b) Allow a minimum of 30 min for penetration before removing
excess penetrant.

NOTE: If process is not continued within 1 hours, the

part should be rewetted with penetrant before
proceeding with penetrant removal. A maximum
of 8 hours may elapse before water washing. If
processing is interrupted for more than 8 hours,
the part must be cleaned and reprocessed.

(2) Application of remover.

(a) Prerinse the part with water spray to remove loosely held
excess penetrant. The recommended water pressure is 30
psi (210 kPa). Do not exceed 60 psi (415 kPa). Spray
rinse until part is relatively free of visual penetrant.
Usually 15 second to 4 min is sufficient.
(b) Reposition or tilt part as required to aid draining excess
water. Remove any large pockets of water by siphoning.
(c) Apply remover by spraying or immersion. If immersion is
used, immerse the part in mildly agitated remover. If
spraying is used, wet continuously. Use minimum contact
time to remove background fluorescence without removing
defect indications. It can be within 30 second but it
depends on surface condition and component cleanliness
of each part. Do not exceed 2 min maximum total contact
time.

NOTE: If necessary, 2 cycles of application of remover

and water rinse, instead of one cycle, may be used
to reduce background fluorescence. Total contact
time of remover must not be exceeded.

(d) Water wash parts to remove excess surface film of

penetrant and remover/emulsifier. Spray, immersion or
a combination of both processes may be used. A water
immersion tank is useful in stopping the emulsification
process so that total contact time does not exceed 2 min.
Pressure used in water spray process should not exceed 30
psi (210 kPa).

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(e) Check part under ultraviolet light to make sure background

fluorescence, which would interfere with inspection, is
not present. If excessive background fluorescence is
present, and caused by remover, repeat water wash of the
area. If excessive background fluorescence is cause by
penetrant, clean the part completely and reprocess it.
(f) Position parts to allow excess water to drain and if
necessary, rotate or shake the part. Remove entrapped
water by siphoning, by blowing with dry air, or by
blotting with clean, lint-free towels.
(g) Dry the parts by placing them in a circulating hot air
dryer. Do not allow parts to remain in dryer any longer
than necessary to remove moisture. A temperature range of
140 degF (60 degC)-160 degF (70 degC) is recommended.
(3) Application of developer.

WARNING: AVOID INHALATION OF VAPORS.

(a) Spray a fine thin coating by holding nozzle about 8 in

(200 mm)-10 in (250 mm) from surface. Normally 2 passes
over same area are required. Coverage should be uniform
and light enough so metallic surface background is visible
through developer coating.

NOTE: When using an aerosol spray, follow manufacturer’s

direction for application.

(b) Allow a minimum of 10 min for developer to absorb

penetrant before inspecting parts.

NOTE: Parts must be inspected within 2 hours of

developing. If not inspected within 2 hours,
completely clean and reprocess the parts.

B. Inspection of Parts.

CAUTION: THE USE OF HIGH INTENSITY (125 W) ULTRAVIOLET BULBS WHICH

EMIT AN EXCESS AMOUNT OF WHITE LIGHT WILL AFFECT THE
SENSITIVITY OF THE FLUORESCENT-PENETRANT PROCESS. USE ONLY
BULBS CERTIFIED BY THE NDT ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER
AS HAVING PASSED THEIR IN-HOUSE INSPECTION. IN ADDITION,
THESE HIGH INTENSITY BULBS SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY TESTED
FOR WHITE LIGHT EMISSION PER STANDARD PRACTICE 70-00-06,
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT TEST - OTHER CHECK.

(1) Direct ultraviolet light on part while in inspection booth or

darkroom.
(2) Inspect to limits specified for the part.

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(3) Inspect questionable indications as follows:

WARNING: CLEANING SOLVENTS ARE FLAMMABLE, VOLATILE, AND

TOXIC. THEY SHOULD BE USED WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION.
AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPORS AND REPEATED OR
PROLONGED CONTACT WITH THE SKIN, OR CLOTHING.

(a) Wipe area once with solvent listed in Table 002, using a
cotton swab or fine-hair art brush.
(b) Reapply wet developer by aerosol spray to suspected area
after solvent has dried.
(c) Inspect under ultraviolet light. Indications that
reappear within 2 min shall be considered as valid
indications.
(d) If indications do not reappear, inspect part under white
light using a 10-power magnifying lens.
(4) Indications (cracks) that extend through a part may be detected
by applying penetrant to one surface and applying the developer
to the other surface.
(5) Identify locations of defects on the part using an approved
marking method.

C. Cleaning of parts after inspection.

CAUTION: ALL RESIDUAL PENETRANTS AND DEVELOPER MATERIAL MUST

BE REMOVED FROM PART AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. UNREMOVED
MATERIAL CAN CAUSE SEVERE CORROSION OF PARTS AT ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES AND PROBLEMS DURING WELDING.
WHEN CLEANING PARTS MADE OF TITANIUM OR TITANIUM ALLOYS
WITH SOLVENT, USE ONLY SOLVENTS THAT DO NOT CONTAIN
HALOGENS.
WHEN CLEANING PARTS MADE OF TITANIUM OR TITANIUM ALLOYS
WITH WATER, USE ONLY DEIONIZED WATER.

(1) Remove developer by water spray washing or scrubbing the part

with brush and water.

WARNING: CLEANING SOLVENTS ARE FLAMMABLE, VOLATILE, AND TOXIC. THEY

SHOULD BE USED WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED
BREATHING OF VAPORS AND REPEATED OR PROLONGED CONTACT WITH
THE SKIN, OR CLOTHING.

(2) Remove penetrant residue by vapor degreasing, by soaking in

solvent listed in Table 002, or by soaking in remover listed in
Table 002, followed by water spray washing.
(3) Make sure that all internal passages and recesses are completely
flushed. Remove large pockets of water by rotating or shaking
the part. Blow out passages and cavities with dry air.

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5. Quality Assurance.

A. Assure that the following process and materials acceptability tests

have been met prior to processing parts:
(1) Process Test 70-32-01, TEST OF FLUORESCENT PENETRANT PROCESS -
TEST FOR SURFACE CRACKS WITH DYE PENETRANT.
(2) Penetrant Test.
Place one drop of master sample on a filtered paper or paper
towel. Place one drop of working bath sample along side of
master sample. Inspect samples under ultraviolet light. Both
samples should have same fluorescent brilliance and color. If
they do not, perform fluorescent-penetrant test per 70-32-02,
TEST OF FLUORESCENT PENETRANT - TEST FOR SURFACE CRACKS WITH DYE
PENETRANT.

B. Following inspection, check the part under ultraviolet light to make

sure that all penetrant material has been removed.

C. Assure that residues of processing compounds are completely removed

from titanium and titanium alloy parts.

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