STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL

FLUORESCENT PENETRANT INSPECTION - PORTABLE POST-EMULSIFIABLE - TEST FOR

SURFACE CRACKS WITH DYE PENETRANT

TASK 70-32-24-230-013

1. General.

A. This is a post-emulsifiable, Ultra high sensitivity, Level 4,

fluorescent-penetrant inspection process intended for inspections
at remote locations. Portable fluorescent- penetrant inspection is
a localized process, limited to small areas or spot inspection of
specific areas of parts. It is not intended for normal inspection.
It is convenient to use for inspection of welded or other localized
repair areas. The penetrant is applied only to a local area that
needs to be inspected.

B. If visible non fluorescent color dye penetrant has been used on

parts which are to be subsequently inspected with fluorescent
penetrants, the contamination by the dye may prevent reliable
fluorescent-penetrant inspection. Any color dye indications evident
by white light visual inspection shall be considered valid indications
even if not detectable by ultraviolet light.

C. Titanium alloy parts are subject to stress corrosion cracking when

residues of halogen containing compounds remain on a part that is
subsequently subjected to elevated temperatures typical of welding,
heat treating, or engine operation. These parts must be thoroughly
cleaned with non halogen compounds after exposure to any halogen
containing compound to prevent the cracking and possible failure of
parts. When using water for processing parts made of titanium or
titanium alloy, deionized water should be used whenever if possible.

D. Observe the Following:

(1) Parts must be cleaned before being subjected to the inspection
process.
(2) Plug or cap all tubes or holes in parts in the area being
inspected to prevent penetrant or other material becoming
entrapped.
(3) Fluorescent penetrants and developers used together in an
inspection system should be products of one manufacturer,
except when using solvent (non aqueous) wet developer. It
is permissible to use the approved solvent-wet developer,
Tracer-Tech D499C with any product system.

2. Equipment.

A. Inspection booth or darkroom or black cloth hood (for remote

locations) which prevents excessive admission of white light.

NOTE: Excessive white light will interfere with detection of a

rejectable size indication. A test part having a known defect
can be used to evaluate effectiveness of white light shielding.

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B. Compressed air supply for drying parts. Air supply must have filters
to remove oil and moisture which can contaminate parts or inspection
materials.

CAUTION: THE USE OF HIGH INTENSITY (125 W) ULTRAVIOLET BULBS WHICH EMIT
AN EXCESS AMOUNT OF WHITE LIGHT WILL AFFECT THE SENSITIVITY OF
THE FLUORESCENT-PENETRANT PROCESS. USE ONLY BULBS CERTIFIED
BY THE NDT ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER AS HAVING PASSED
THEIR IN-HOUSE INSPECTION. IN ADDITION, THESE HIGH INTENSITY
BULBS SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY TESTED FOR WHITE LIGHT EMISSION
PER STANDARD PRACTICE 70-00-06, ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT TEST - OTHER
CHECK.

C. Ultraviolet Lamp to Detect Fluorescent Indications.

(1) The ultraviolet (black) light source used for the detection
of indications shall have an intensity no less than 1200
microwatts/cm2 measured at a distance of 15 in (380 mm). In
addition, high intensity self filtered 125 W bulbs shall be
tested for white light emission per 70-00-06, ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
TEST - OTHER CHECK to verify that white light emission is within
acceptable limits.

D. White light lamp for visual inspection of parts.

E. Time piece for timing operations.

F. Tools for inspection personnel. Tools should consist of at least the

following:
(1) Three-power and 10-power magnifying lenses.
(2) Assortment of adjustable mirrors.
(3) Gages to measure size of fluorescent indications.
(4) Cotton swabs or small fine-hair art brush to apply solvent for
evaluating questionable indications.

3. Materials.

NOTE: All materials are used at ambient temperature. The following

materials may be used for this class of inspection.

A. Penetrant Inspection Systems

Penetrant Oil Soluble Hydrophilic Dry Powder Non-Aqueous

Inspection Penetrants Removers Developers Wet Developers
Systems

ARDROX 9814 (CP3015) 9881 (CP3016) 9D4A (CP3010) 9D1 (CP3008)

BRITEMOR 668 (CP3403) H91-A (CP3404) PD3 (CP3401)

PD4 (CP3406)

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Penetrant Oil Soluble Hydrophilic Dry Powder Non-Aqueous

Inspection Penetrants Removers Developers Wet Developers
Systems

Fluro-Chek Deleted Deleted DD2A (CP3203) NAD-NF

(CP2146)
DD2B (CP3204)

MET-L-CHECK FP97A (CP3315) E58D (10%) D72A (CP3317) D70 (CP3318)

(CP3316)

SHERWIN RC77 (CP3302) ER83A (CP3306) D90G (CP3307) D100 (CP3308)

ZYGLO ZL30A (CP2141) ZR10A (CP2137) ZP4B (CP3102) ZP9F or E

(CP3106)
ZL37 (CP3104) ZR10B (CP3105)

ZR10C (CP3105)

Table 001 - Penetrant Inspection Systems

NOTE: Hydrophilic remover concentration is 20% maximum unless

otherwise noted for the dip method. Hydrophilic remover
concentration is 5% maximum for the spray application method.

CAUTION: TITANIUM PARTS REQUIRE THE USE OF NON-HALOGENATED SOLVENT.

B. Solvents.

Consumable Product (No)

(1) (CP1041) ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (halogen free)

(2) (CP1040) METHYL ETHYL KETONE (halogen free)

(3) (CP1039) ACETONE (halogen free)

Table 002 - Solvents

Non-aqueous wet developers are approved for use in aerosol spray only.
Tracer-Tech solvent mixed developer D499C is approved for bulk use
with any penetrant system. A developer from one manufacturer may be
substituted for another manufacturer’s developer.

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4. Procedure.

NOTE: Parts must be thoroughly cleaned accordingly to the Cleaning

Chapter of the parts in the ESM before subjecting to the inspection
process. All tubes and holes in the part being inspected shall
be capped to prevent penetrant or other material from becoming
entrapped.

A. Application of Penetrant.

WARNING: PENETRANT IS FLAMMABLE. THE FLASH POINT OF PENETRANT

IS CONSIDERABLY LOWERED WHEN USED AS A FINE SPRAY. TAKE
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE.

(1) Apply penetrant by spraying or brushing.

(2) Allow 30 min to 60 min for penetration.

B. Removal of Excess Penetrant.

(1) Remove excess penetrant by wiping with a clean dry cloth.

WARNING: CLEANING SOLVENTS ARE FLAMMABLE, VOLATILE, AND TOXIC. THEY

SHOULD BE USED WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED
BREATHING OF VAPORS AND REPEATED OR PROLONGED CONTACT WITH
THE SKIN, OR CLOTHING.

(2) Remove background fluorescence by wiping with a clean cloth

dampened with solvent listed in Table 002
(3) Observe part under ultraviolet light to make sure excess
penetrant has been removed.
(4) If excessive background fluorescence persists, apply solvent
listed in Table 002 as a fine mist while observing under
ultraviolet light. Direct the spray at an angle and spray over
the area only once.

NOTE: Indications of defects can be lost by excessive solvent

spraying.

C. Alternate. Remove excess penetrant with a hydrophilic remover

provided it belongs to the same family as the penetrant used. Do not
exceed 90 second contact time. If remover is applied manually, do not
scrub the surface of the part with the applicator. Use applicator
only to deliver fluid to part surface.

D. Application of Developer.

WARNING: AVOID BREATHING OF VAPORS.

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(1) Apply developer by spray only to a dry part at ambient

temperature. Apply a fine thin coating by holding spray nozzle
about 8 in (200 mm)-10 in (250 mm) from part surface. Normally
2 passes are adequate. Coverage should be uniform and a
metallic background should be visible through the developer.

NOTE: When using aerosol container, follow the manufacturer’s

directions.

(2) Allow 10 min for developer to absorb penetrant.

E. Inspection of Parts.

CAUTION: THE USE OF HIGH INTENSITY ULTRAVIOLET EMIT AN EXCESS

OF WHITE LIGHT WILL AFFECT THE SENSITIVITY OF THE
FLUORESCENT-PENETRANT PROCESS. USE ONLY BULBS CERTIFIED BY
THE NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER AS HAVING PASSED
THEIR IN-HOUSE INSPECTION.

(1) Direct ultraviolet light on part while in inspection booth or

darkroom.
(2) Inspect to limits specified for the parts.
(3) Inspect questionable indications as follows:

WARNING: CLEANING SOLVENTS ARE FLAMMABLE, VOLATILE, TOXIC.

THEY SHOULD BE USED WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION.
AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPORS AND REPEATED OR
PROLONGED CONTACT WITH THE SKIN, OR CLOTHING.

(a) Wipe area once with solvent listed in Table 002, using a
cotton swab or fine-hair art brush.
(b) Apply developer to suspected area after solvent has dried.
(c) Inspect under ultraviolet light. Indications that
reappear within 2 min shall be considered as valid
indications.
(d) If indications do not reappear, inspect part under white
light using a 10-power magnifying lens.
(4) Identify location of defects using an approved marking method.

F. Cleaning of Parts after Inspection.

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CAUTION: ALL RESIDUAL PENETRANTS AND DEVELOPER MATERIAL MUST

BE REMOVED FROM PART AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. UNREMOVED
MATERIAL CAN CAUSE SEVERE CORROSION OF PARTS AT ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES AND PROBLEMS DURING WELDING.
WHEN CLEANING PARTS MADE OF TITANIUM OR TITANIUM ALLOYS
WITH SOLVENT, USE ONLY SOLVENTS THAT DO NOT CONTAIN
HALOGENS.
WHEN CLEANING PARTS MADE OF TITANIUM OR TITANIUM ALLOYS
WITH WATER, USE ONLY DEIONIZED WATER.

(1) Remove developer and penetrant by water spray washing or

scrubbing the part with brush and water.

WARNING: CLEANING SOLVENTS ARE FLAMMABLE, VOLATILE, AND TOXIC. THEY

SHOULD BE USED WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED
BREATHING OF VAPORS AND REPEATED OR PROLONGED CONTACT WITH
THE SKIN, OR CLOTHING.

(2) Remove penetrant residue by spraying or by soaking in solvent

listed in Table 002.
(3) Make sure that all internal passages and recesses are completely
cleaned and dry. Blow out passages and recesses with dry air.

5. Quality Assurance.

A. Check part under ultraviolet light to make sure all penetrants and
developer materials have been removed.

B. Assure that the residues of processing compounds are completely

removed from titanium and titanium alloy parts.

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