Medical Language for Modern Health

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 page i

Medical Language
For Modern Health Care
Fifth Edition

Rachel C. Basco, MS, RRT

Bossier Parish Community College

Rhonna Krouse-Adams, MS
College of Western Idaho

David M. Allan, MA, MD

 page ii

MEDICAL LANGUAGE FOR MODERN HEALTH CARE

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019.
Copyright ©2023 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any
network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance
learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available
to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LMN 27 26 25 24 23 22

ISBN 978-1-265-24548-1
MHID 1-265-24548-7

Cover Image: Shutterstock/Liya Graphics

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an
extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication.
The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or
McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the
information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered
 page iii

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Rachel Curran Basco

Rachel Basco earned her BS in Cardiopulmonary
Science and MS in Health Sciences from Louisiana
State University Health Science Center, School of
Allied Health Professions. She worked as a registered
respiratory therapist for 10 years and then began her
career in college instruction in respiratory therapy at
LSU-SAHP in Shreveport, LA. She is an Assistant
Professor at Bossier Parish Community College in
Bossier City, LA. She instructs medical terminology
and anatomy & physiology courses.
Rachel resides in Shreveport with her husband
and always finds time to visit her relatives in
Colorado, Texas, and her home state of Wisconsin.

Rhonna Krouse-Adams
Rhonna Krouse-Adams is an Associate Professor in
the department of Health Sciences at the College of
Western Idaho. She received a MS from Boise State
University. In 2009. Rhonna was provided the unique
opportunity to be a founding member of a brand-
new community college that opened in 2010. There
she was able to build the Health Science Department
and a nationally recognized Public Health degree.
Presently, Rhonna serves as the curriculum developer
for both the health science and public health
programs and developing educational content for her
school and others. Her present project is with the
League of Innovation, CDC, AHA developing CEC
modules for health care workers on infectious
disease.

David Allan
David Allan received his medical training at
Cambridge University and Guy’s Hospital in England.
He was Chief Resident in Pediatrics at Bellevue
Hospital in New York City before moving to San
Diego, California.
Dr. Allan has worked as a family physician in
England, a pediatrician in San Diego, and Associate
Dean at the University of California, San Diego
School of Medicine. He has designed, written, and
produced more than 100 award-winning multimedia
programs with virtual reality as their conceptual
base. Dr. Allan resides happily in San Diego and
enjoys the warmth of the people, the weather, and
the beaches.
 page iv

BRIEF CONTENTS

1 The Anatomy of Medical Terms 1

2 Word Analysis and Communication 18
3 The Body as a Whole 30
4 Integumentary System 57
5 Digestive System 92
6 Urinary System 145
7 Male Reproductive System 177
8 Female Reproductive System 204
9 Nervous System 262
10 Cardiovascular System 315
11 Blood 361
12 Lymphatic and Immune System 395
13 Respiratory System 424
14 Skeletal System 461
15 Muscles and Tendons, Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation (PM&R) 502
16 Special Senses of the Eye and Ear 527
17 Endocrine System 574
18 Mental Health 614
19 Geriatrics 640
20 Cancer 657
21 Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 681
22 Pharmacology 698
 page v

DETAILED CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 The Anatomy of Medical Terms:

The Foundation of Medical
Language 1
Section 1.1 Roots and
Combining
Forms 2
Nucleus Medical Media Section 1.2 Suffixes 4
Section 1.3 Prefixes 7
Section 1.4 Unique
Medical
Words 9
Chapter 1 Review 12

CHAPTER 2 Word Analysis and

Communication: The Language
of Health Care 18
 Section 2.1 Word
Analysis and
Definition
19
2014 Nucleus Medical Media
Section 2.2 Plurals and
Pronunciatio
n 20
Section 2.3 Precision in
Communicat
ion 22
Chapter 2 Review 24

CHAPTER 3 The Body as a Whole: The

Language of Anatomy 30
Section 3.1 Organizatio
n of the
Body 31
Section 3.2 Basic
2014 Nucleus Medical Media
Genetics
and Genetic
Medicine
40
Section 3.3 Anatomic
Position,
 Planes, and
Directions
43
Chapter 3 Review 48

CHAPTER 4 Integumentary System: The

Language of Dermatology 57
Section 4.1 Functions
and
Structure of
the Skin
2014 Nucleus Medical Media
58
Section 4.2 Accessory
Skin Organs
62
Section 4.3 Disorders
and
Diseases of
the Skin and
Accessory
Organs 66
Section 4.4 Burns and
Injuries to
 the Skin
75
Section 4.5 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy 79
Chapter 4 Review 84
page vi

CHAPTER 5 Digestive System: The

Language of Gastroenterology
92
Section 5.1 The
Digestive
System 93
2014 Nucleus Medical Media Section 5.2 Mouth,
Pharynx,
and
Esophagus
96
Section 5.3 Digestion—
Stomach,
Small, and
 Large
Intestine
100
Section 5.4 Digestion—
Liver,
Gallbladder,
and
Pancreas
108
Section 5.5 Disorders of
the
Digestive
System
112
Section 5.6 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy of the
Digestive
System
126
Chapter 5 Review 135

CHAPTER 6 Urinary System: The Language

of Urology 145
 Section 6.1 Urinary
System and
Kidneys
146
2014 Nucleus Medical Media
Section 6.2 Ureters,
Urinary
Bladder, and
Urethra
150
Section 6.3 Disorders of
the Urinary
System
152
Section 6.4 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy 158
Chapter 6 Review 169

CHAPTER 7 Male Reproductive System: The

Language of Reproduction 177
Section 7.1 Male
Reproductio
n 178
2014 Nucleus Medical Media
Section 7.2 The Penis,
Spermatic
Ducts, and
Accessory
Glands
182
Section 7.3 Disorders of
the Male
Reproductiv
e System
188
Section 7.4 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy 194
Chapter 7 Review 197

CHAPTER 8 Female Reproductive System:

The Languages of Gynecology
and Obstetrics 204
Section 8.1 External
Genitalia
and Vagina
205
2014 Nucleus Medical Media
Section 8.2 Ovaries,
Uterine
Tubes, and
Uterus
207
Section 8.3 Disorders of
the Female
Reproductiv
e Tract
213
Section 8.4 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy-
Gynecology
224
Section 8.5 Obstetrics:
Pregnancy
and
Childbirth
231
Section 8.6 Disorders of
Pregnancy
and
Childbirth
237
 Section 8.7 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy-
Obstetrics
242
Section 8.8 The Breast
Anatomy
and
Disorders
246
Section 8.9 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy of the
Breast 250
Chapter 8 Review 254
page vii

CHAPTER 9 Nervous System: The Language

of Neurology 262
Functions
and
Structure of
 Section 9.1 the Nervous
System
263
2014 Nucleus Medical Media Section 9.2 The Brain
and Cranial
Nerves
269
Section 9.3 Disorders of
the Brain
and Cranial
Nerves
277
Section 9.4 Disorders of
the Spinal
Cord and
Peripheral
Nerves
291
Section 9.5 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy 299
Chapter 9 Review 308
 CHAPTER 10 Cardiovascular System: The
Language of Cardiology 315
Section 10.1 The Heart
316
Section 10.2 Circulatory
2014 Nucleus Medical Media Systems
323
Section 10.3 Disorders of
the Heart
and
Circulatory
System
330
Section 10.4 Procedures
and
Pharmacolo
gy 340
Chapter 10 Review 350

CHAPTER 11 Blood: The Language of

Hematology 361
Components
of Blood
362
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