D@NANDG V@DGNHOA

6.? D`ndroeg
\uaou Koacok`ro c`rupomoh s`fuok puaou yohd t`ra`tom jg ohtoro Yuaow`sg joh Grgoh Boyo s`rto
t`ra`tom pojo fodgoh tgcuraout Ghjnh`sgo. \uaou Koacok`ro c`cohbohd ?;< mc jorg utoro m`
s `rto c`cgagmg auos s`mgtor ?;,<<< mc6. \uaou Koacok`ro
s`aotoh joh 4< mc jorg forot m` tgcur s`rto
jgm`agaghdg na`k \uaou Cnrntog, Z`rhot`, Foioh, Nfg, joh D`f`. \uaou Koacok`ro t`ra`tom jg

s`f`aok forot Aout Coaumu joh s`f`aok tgcur fodgoh s`aotoh Aout Egagpgho (voh F`cc`a`h,
?7:7).

6.6 D`ncnrenandg
\uaou Koacok`ro c`cgagmg cnrenandg puaou yohd cgrgp j`hdoh kurue-M. Cnrenandg \uaou
Koacok`ro cgrgp j`hdoh fodgoh forot \uaou Yuaow`sg j`hdoh umuroh kohyo s`p`rtgdo puaou
Yuaow`sg. Z`rjopot f`f`ropo t`aum jg \uaou Koacok`ro, yomhg Z`aum Mou pojo fodgoh tgcur
aout joh Z`aum Fuag jg s`f`aok tgcur s`rto Z`aum T`jo jg s`aotoh. C`hurut voh F`cc`a`h
(?7:7), Z`aum Mou c`cgagmg ubuhd f`rupo j`pr`sg c`aghdmor j`hdoh m`joaocoh 0<< c joh
jgoc`t`r 9<-5< mc.

F`rjosormoh d`ncnrenandghyo, \uaou Koacok`ro t`rfodg c`hbojg juo prnvghsg yomhg \rnvghsg
Forot joh tgcur. \rnvghsg Forot \uaou Koacok`ro c`rupomoh sofum vnamohgm yohd c`cohbohd
jorg \uaou Cnrntog kghddo fodgoh utoro \uaou Koacok`ro, Z`rhot`, Zgjnr`, joh Foioh. \rnvghsg
Forot t`rtutupg na`k fotuoh s`jgc`h joh vnamohgm. Fodgoh s`aotoh \uaou Koacok`ro t`rjgrg
t` rjgrg jorg
fotuoh josor yohd t`r`mspns. Fotuoh josor pojo
pojo a`hdoh forotjoyo \uaou Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg
fotuoh vnamohgm joh vnamohgmaostgm yohd f`rosnsgosg j`hdoh fotuoh f`mu ghtrusge. Fotuoh ghg
t`r`mspns pojo fodgoh s`aotoh joh s`pohbohd fodgoh forot jorg a`hdoh forotjoyo. \rnvghsg
Zgcur \uaou Koacok`ro f`rf`htum fusur yohd c`cohbohd m` orok Zgcur jorg \uaou D`f` joh
Dod kghddo fodgoh utoro ‑M`poao Furuhd– \uaou \opuo.

Docfor Egsgndroeg joh p`cfodgoh prnvghsg d`nandg \uaou Koacok`ro (Jorcoh & Ygjg, 6<<<)
\uaou Koacok`ro pojo ucuchyo c`cgagmg cnrenandg f`rupo p`rfumgtoh joh f`f`ropo t`cpot
jgt`cumoh f`rupo jotoroh fohbgr oaauvgoa. \`rfumgtoh yohd c`cohbohd j`hdoh tr`hj H@-YT
c`cgagmg r`ag`e yohd f`rvorgosg jorg 0<< c kghddo ?<<< c. Fumgt t`rtghddg jg \uaou Koacok`ro
c`rupomoh Fumgt Yonaot j`hdoh tghddg ?0<; c joh t`ra`tom jg t`hdok-t`hdok puaou. \ojo a`hdoh
forot aout Koacok`ro, cnrenandg t`rtghddg
t` rtghddg c`rupomoh Duhuhd Dnhmnhnro j`hdoh tghddg ?4<<
c. A`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro t`rsusuh otos tnpndroeg yohd a`fgk r`hjok. Y`fodgoh f`sor
cnrenandg tghddgoh jg \uaou Koacok`ro t`rsusuh otos fotuoh r`sgst`h f`rupo fotuoh vnamohgm
yohd t`ra`tom jg fodgoh forot joh forotjoyo, hocuh cnrenandg tghddgoh jg fodgoh forotjoyo
puaou t`rsusuh otos fotu mnhdanc`rot yohd c`cgagmg tghddg ;<< c.

Yuhdog yohd t`rjopot jg \uaou Koacok`ro pojo ucuchyo t`aok c`hd`rnsg v`rtgmoa s`ioro
ght`hsge cnrenandg jg \uaou Koacok`ro. F`htohd oaoc kosga `rnsg suhdog \uaou Koacok`ro
c`cf`htum cnrenandg kurue-U yohd iuroc, pojo fodgoh t`hdok joh kgagr suhdog oagroh suhdog
f`rf`htum sghus (Jorcoh & Ygjg, 6<<<). Cnrenandg \uaou Koacok`ro pojo fodgoh a`hdoh
t`hddoro f`rupo p`rfumgtoh mncpa`ms, p`rfumgtoh j`hujosgnhoa, joh jotoroh oaauvgoa.
\`rfumgtoh mncpa`ms pojo a`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro c`cgagmg tr`hj dowgr joh m`aurusoh
f`rorok H@-YT joh HT-Y@. Cnrenandg jg a`hdoh t`hddoro ghg jgjudo f`rosnsgosg j`hdoh
strumtur d`nandg joh `rnsg na`k suhdog s`ioro ght`hsge. Cnrenandg jg a`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro
c`cgagmg r`htohd m`tghddgoh ?0 ’ :<< c.

C`hurut Jorcoh & Ygjg (6<<<), \uaou Koacok`ro jgjncghosg na`k mnhtrna agtnandg f`rupo
fotuoh josor yohd t`r`mspns. \uhdduhdoh utoco jg tgcuraout Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg fotuoh
josor f`rupo fotuoh f`mu uatrofoso ’ foso yohd f`rucur C`snzngm ’ \oa`nd`h. A`hdoh
t`hddoro \uaou Koacok`ro yohd t`rjgrg jorg tnpndroeg r`hjokoh jgtutupg na`k agtnandg f`rupo
fotuoh morfnhotoh koaus. \rnvghsg Forot \uaou Koacok`ro yohd f`rupo sofum vnamohgm t`rjgrg
jorg fotuoh josor f`rupo fotuoh s`jgc`h joh vnamohgm f`rucur H`nd`h-V`s`h. \rnvghsg Zgcur
\uaou Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg mncpa`ms negnagt joh fotuoh s`jgc`h f`rucur C`snzngm yohd
t`rgcfrgmosg na`k fotuoh s`jgc`h joh morfnhot f`rucur H`nd`h. Fotuoh josor jg a`hdoh
t`hddoro Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg fotuoh foso-uatrofoso yohd c`hdoaocg c`tocnregsc` j`robot
r`hjok, f`rs`aghdoh j`hdoh fotuoh s`jgc`h f`rucur C`snzngm ’ @ns`h.

6.9 Unamohgsc`
\uaou Koacok`ro budo f`rosnsgosg j`hdoh sofum vnamohgm yohd a`fgk cujo pojo pohtog forot
jorg \uaou Koacok`ro, yomhg \uaou Kgrg, Z`rhot`, Zgjnr`, Cor`, Cntg, Comgoh. Yofum vnamohgm
yohd jgt`cumoh jg \uaou Koacok`ro budo c`cohbohd kghddo m` tgcur c`a`wotg utoro
I`muhdoh Yoaowotg kghddo pohtog Ptoro Und`amnp.
Und`amnp. \uaou Cnrntog c`rupomoh fusur m`puaouoh
m`puaouoh
yohd t`ra`tom jg s`f`aok utoro \uaou Koacok`ro joh t`rjopot duhuhd opg f`rupo Duhuhd
Docmnhnro joh Jumnhn. Uuamohgsc` jo`rok Koacok`ro budo jgfotosg na`k Rnho Z`rhot` yohd
c`cohbohd jorg utoro m` s`aotoh joh i`cfuhd jorg orok forot-tgcur. Rnho Z`rhot` t`rs`fut
jgfotosg na`k J`pr`sg Mou, Z`aum \obok`, Y`aot \otg`htg`, Y`aot Koacok`ro, I`muhdoh
Koacok`ro, I`muhdoh Yoaowotg (voh F`cc`a`h, ?7:7).

Cnrenandg \uaou Koacok`ro c`rupomoh mnhtrna jorg fusur codcotgm yohd c`cf`htum a`hdoh
utoro joh a`hdoh s`aotoh Koacok`ro. Jotoroh jg s`f`aok Zgcur Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg mncpa`ms
fohiuk. Mncpa`ms fohiuk pojo a`hdoh tgcuraout joh t`hddoro Koacok`ro t`rjgrg otos mncpa`msmncpa`ms
negnagt f`rupo s`rp`htghgt, p`rgjntgt, dofrn, hnrgt, fosoat, rgbohd, fotuoh s`jgc`h p`aodgm. Y`fuok
puaou m`iga yohd t`ra`tom 9< c s`f`aok forot ubuhd utoro \uaou Koacok`ro jgp`rmgromoh
t`rsusuh otos fohiuk f`rucur Z`rsg`r f`rupo fr`msg fotuoh mrgstoagh, fotudocpghd,
mnhdanc`rot, joh fotuoh vnamohgm. A`hdoh utoro, forot-t`hdok Koacok`ro, joh puaou jg s`f`aok
forot a`hdoh s`aotoh Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg fosoat, ohj`sgt, joh josgt. \usot ghtrusge jg \uaou
Koacok`ro jgjudo t`ra`tom jg \uaou Foioh.

Fusur vnamohgm omtge jg \uaou Koacok`ro f`rkufuhdoh s`ioro sposgoa t`rkojop znho f`hgnee

yohd cgrghd m` orok tgcur jorg s`f`aok forot Aout Coaumu (Docfor ). \`cf`htumoh fotuoh
josor jg \uaou Koacok`ro f`rosnsgosg j`hdoh znho sufjumsg jg s`f`aok forot j`hdoh jgppghd
m` orok forot (Kocgatnh, ?747).

Docfor Gaustrosg sufjumsg pojo fusur codcotgm

codcotgm \uaou Koacok`ro (Kocgatnh,
(Kocgatnh, ?747)

6.: M`rohdmo
C`hurut Z`mtnhgm
Koaa `t oa. (?7;;) pojo Jorcoh & Ygjg (6<<<), Koacok`ro t`ra`tom pojo p`rt`cuoh
`cpot a`cp`hd, yomhg A`cp`hd Oustroago, A`cp`hd Egagpgho, A`cp`hd @urosgo, joh A`cp`hd
Cghjohon Zgcur. A`cp`hd Oustroago t`ra`tom jg s`f`aok s`aotoh joh jgfotosg jg fodgoh utoro
na`k Y`sor Ynrnhd. A`cp`hd Egagpgho t`ra`tom jg s`f`aok utoro joh tgcur \uaou Koacok`ro,
s`kghddo fotos forot A`cp`hd Egagpgho c`rupomoh \oauhd Egagpgho yohd f`rosnsgosg j`hdoh
\oauhd Koacok`ro. A`cp`hd Egagpgho f`rd`rom r`aotge m` orok forot jorg A`cp`hd Oustroago.
A`cp`hd @urosgo c`cgagmg f`rfotosoh j`hdoh Y`sor Egagpgho joh c`hyocfuhd m` orok s`aotoh
kghddo tkrust jg Forot Koacok`ro. A`cp`hd Cghjohon Zgcur c`rupomoh soaok sotu ohddnto
a`cp`hd-a`cp`hd m`iga yohd t`rjopot jg A`cp`hd @urosgo joh A`cp`hd Egagpgho. A`cp`hd
Cghjohon Zgcur t`rs`fut jgfotosg na`k Y`sor Egagpgho jg s`f`aok forot joh \oauhd Egagpgho jg
s`f`aok tgcur (Docfor )
 Docfor Egtur t`mtnhgm joh r`dgnhoa Coaumu Ptoro yohd c`hiomup \uaou Koacok`ro (Kocgatnh, ?747)

C`hurut Koaa (?7;4) pojo Jorcoh & Ygjg (6<<<), d`rom mnhv`rd`h ohtoro A`cp`hd Egagpgho
joh A`cp`hd @urosgo t`rbojg mor`ho sufjumsg jg \oauhd Yohdgk` joh d`romoh s`sor c`hdgrg
pojo Y`sor Egagpgho yohd c`hdd`rommoh A`cp`hd @urosgo r`aotge m` s`aotoh A`cp`hd
Cghjohon Zgcur otou sufjumsg pojo orok f`raowohoh
f`r aowohoh \oauhd Egagpgho joh \oauhd Koacok`ro.
A`cp`hd Aout Egagpgho c`hdoaocg sufjumsg m` orok forot jg fowok A`cp`hd Cghjohon Zgcur
pojo \oauhd Egagpgho. M`cujgoh, A`cp`hd Cghjohon Zgcur c`hdoaocg sufjumsg m` orok
tgcur jg fowok A`cp`hd Egagpgho pojo \oauhd Koacok`ro. \`rgstgwo t`rs`fut c`hy`fofmoh
t`rjopot f`htumoh-P pojo Aout Coaumu. Zghddgoh pojo a`hdoh forotjoyo Koacok`ro joh
sufsgj`hi` pojo Z`aum T`jo jgs`fofmoh mor`ho ojohyo inaagsgnh pojo ohtoro juo fusur j`poh,
yomhg tkrust Koacok`ro Forot (w`st
(w`st jgppghd) yohd c`rupomoh m`c`h`rusoh jorg Y`sor Egagpgho
joh tkrust Yohdgk` Zgcur yohd jgjudo c`rupomoh foimtkrust.

6.0 Ytrumtur V`dgnhoa

C`hurut Koaa `t oa. (?7;;) pojo Jorcoh & Ygjg (6<<<), a`hdoh forotjoyo Koacok`ro t`rjgrg
jorg tnpndroeg yohd osgc`trg j`hdoh fodgoh forot yohd iuroc jgmnhtrna na`k eomtnr s`sor, joh
fodgoh tgcur yohd c`cgagmg m`cgrghdoh m` orok Z`aum T`jo. Fotuoh vnamohgm jg a`hdoh
forotjoyo Koacok`ro t`rtutupg na`k fotuoh s`jgc`h Enrcosg Nko yohd c`cgagmg m`cgrghdoh
aopgsoh yohd mnhsgst`h m` orok tgcur, joh s`comgh aohjog
a ohjog m` orok yohd s`comgh tuo. Cnrenandg
pohtog forot Koacok`ro sohdot jgmnhtrna na`k s`sor yohd iuroc.

Rnho t`hdok Koacok`ro yohd c`aoaug a`k`r Koacok`ro yohd f`rf`htum kurue-M t`rjgrg jorg
rohdmogoh p`duhuhdoh j`hdoh suhdog yohd f`rcuoro jg Mou joh Z`aum T`jo. Fodgoh forot
jorg znho ghg iuroc mor`ho m`f`rojooh mnhtrna s`sor. Rnho t`hdok c`cgagmg fotuoh josor
Enrcosg Nko yohd tgjom s`aoros t`ragpot na`k s`jgc`h H`nd`h. J`enrcosg yohd t`rbojg pojo
znho ghg f`rupo p`ragpotoh j`hdoh sucfu j`hdoh tr`hj utoro-s`aotoh joh jgp`rmgromoh t`rbojg
pojo \agns`h. \ojo fodgoh forot znho ghg fotuoh josor yohd t`ragpot t`rtutupg na`k aovo yohd
c`cgagmg m`cgrghdoh aopgsoh aohjog m` orok forot. Fotuoh s`jgc`h H`nd`h yohd t`ragpot f`rojo
jg otos Enrcosg Yufogc yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotudocpghd.
A`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro c`cgagmg cnrenandg j`hdoh m`aurusoh HT-Y@. Fotuoh mncpa`ms
negnagt c`cf`htum p`duhuhdoh pojo fodgoh ubuhd forot a`hdoh t`hddoro. Fodgoh t`hdok a`hdoh
t`hddoro Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg hopoa joh fotudocpghd Enrcosg Yonaot. \ojo ubuhd tgcur jorg
a`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro. \ojo jo`rok Togaumuc jgjudo t`rjopot s`sor c`hdohoh hnrcoa
f`rorok H@-YT yohd c`hdnhtrna
c`hdnhtrna p`cf`htumoh cnrenandg f`rup
f`rupoo ogrt`rbuh jg puhdduhdoh.

6.5 Ytrotgdroeg V`dgnhoa

Fodgoh tgcur Koacok`ro t`rjgrg jorg fotuoh josor f`rupo mncpa`ms negnagt, c`tocnre, joh
fotuoh s`jgc`h. Mncpa`ms negnagt t`rjgrg jorg fotuoh uatrocoegm-coegm yohd t`rd`rus muot joh
f`rf`htum fr`msg. Fotuoh p`hyusuh mncpa`ms negnagt yohd jgt`cumoh f`rupo p`rgjntgt
t`rs`rp`htghgsosg, dofrn, fosoat, joh jgofos. Fotuoh josor t`rsusuh na`k fotuoh uatrofoso
s`bucaok 9< % (Koaa `t oa., ?7;; pojo Jorcoh & Ygjg, 6<<<). Fotuoh pautnhgm foso jgt`cumoh
c`agcpok joh f`rosnsgosg j`hdoh fotuoh vnamohgm foso, s`mgskgbou, ocegfnagt, joh s`mgsfgru.
Y`jgc`h aout joaoc yohd jgt`cumoh f`rupo rgbohd c`rok joh fotua`cpuhd c`rok.

Fotuoh s`jgc`h yohd t`rtuo jgt`cumoh pojo M`ancpnm Fuag yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotudocpghd
Dou, fr`msg Jnjodo, Enrcosg \ohgtg, Dnwnhag, joh Yod`o. Fotuoh uatrofoso-foso yohd t`rtuo
c`hyusuh fotuoh josor a`hdoh tgcur Koacok`ro j`hdoh ght`rpr`tosg aghdmuhdoh t`mtnhgm
f`rupo fusur j`poh. Fotuoh josor yohd c`hyusuh a`hdoh tgcur pojo ucuchyo tgjom

t`rj`enrcosg s`ioro ght`hsge, hocuh t``rgcfrgmosg j`hdoh mncpa`ms negnagt (Docfor ).

Docfor Ytrotgdroeg r`dgnhoa \uaou Koacok`ro (Jorcoh & Ygjg, 6<<<)

Ytrotgdroeg r`dgnhoa \uaou Koacok`ro c`huhbummoh fokwo s`tgop a`hdoh c`cgagmg fotuoh yohd
f`rf`jo-f`jo. A`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro t`rsusuh otos fotuoh t`rtuo pojo Enrcosg Dnwnhag
f`rupo fotuoh vnamohgmaostgm
vnamohgmaostgm yohd
yohd t`r`hjopmoh pojo
pojo p`rm`cfohdoh
p`rm`cfohdoh i`muhdoh
i`muhdoh owoa pojo Omkgr
Omkgr
Mopur. A`hdoh tgcuraout Koacok`ro t`rsusuh otos fotuoh t`rtuo f`rupo Enrcosg Dou f`rupo
fotudocpghd yohd jgjudo c`rupomoh osnsgosg j`hdoh omtgvgtos vnamohgm. A`hdoh forotjoyo
joh znho t`hdok Koacok`ro t`rsusuh otos Enrcosg Nko yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotuoh vnamohgm
f`rucur Mopur-@ns`h. \ojo a`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro, fodgoh otos Enrcosg Dnwnhag tgjom
s`aoros jgt`cumoh Enrcosg \ohgtg f`rupo mnhtom `rnsgnhoa. Enrcosg Dou jg a`hdoh tgcur aout
t`rjopot mnhtom drojosgnhoa t`rkojop Enrcosg Jnjodo.

Gcfrgmosg mncpa`ms negnagt t`rbojg pojo @ns`h Z`hdok ’ Nagdns`h Z`hdok s`kghddo jgt`cumoh
mnhtom m`tgjoms`aorosoh ohtoro mncpa`ms negnagt t`rkojop Enrcosg Nhot, Bowoag, Yufogc, joh
D`coe. Enrcosg Bowoag yohd c`rupomoh mnhdanc`rot eauvgoa t`r`hjopmoh s`ioro tgjom s`aoros
jg otos Enrcosg Nhot joh m`cujgoh f`rufok eosg`s c`hbojg Enrcosg Yufogc yohd f`rucur
Cgns`h pojo a`hdoh tgcuraout. Enrcosg Yufogc c`rupomoh enrcosg j`hdoh fotudocpghd
f`raopgs fogm yohd c`hdohjuhd s`jgmgt cot`rgoa maostgm. A`hdoh t`hddoro Koacok`ro
jgt`cumoh Enrcosg D`coe yohd f`rupo mnhdanc`rot d`aop c`hdohjuhd j`frgs negnagt f`rfutgr
fuaot joh posgr d`aop yohd f`rosoa jorg znho agtnroa.

Yufsgj`hi`
t`r`hjopmoh.t`rbojg pojo
Enrcosg Omkgr
Yonaot Cgns`h jg
c`rupomoh a`hdoh t`hddoro
fotua`cpuhd joh c`hy`fofmoh
morfnhotoh Enrcosg Yonaot
t`foa yohd c`hdohjuhd ensga
joh f`rs`aghdoh s`ioro anmoa j`hdoh fotuposgr joh mnhdanc`rot yohd c`hdohjuhd j`frgs jorg
mncpa`ms negnagt. A`hdoh tgcuraout Koacok`ro jgt`cumoh Enrcosg Tosga yohd f`rupo
fotuposgr turfgjgt joh mnhdanc`rot jorg s`fuok sufcorgh` eoh joh t`r`hjopmoh s`ioro s`aoros
jg otos Enrcosg Yonaot.

A`hdoh forotjoyo Koacok`ro c`cgagmg sgmu`h yohd f`rf`jo j`hdoh a`hdoh t`hddoro joh
tgcuraout. A`hdoh forotjoyo Koacok`ro c`cgagmg Enrcosg Anmu yohd t`rsusuh otos
fotua`cpuhd, fotuposgr, joh mnhdanc`rot yohd
yohd t`r`hjopmoh pojo Omkgr Cgns`h. Enrcosg
Enrcosg Anmu
ghg jgp`rmgromoh c`rupomoh turfgjgt joh j`frgt` jorg cot`rgoa yohd f`rosoa jorg fusur vnamohgm
joh fotudocpghd. Enrcosg Yup`rom yohd c`rupomoh M`ancpnm T`jo t`r`hjopmoh s`ioro
tgjom s`aoros jg otos Enrcosg Anmu. Enrcosg Yup`rom t`rjgrg jorg mnhdanc`rot eauvgoa joh
fotuposgr yohd t`r`hjopmoh jg aghdmuhdoh aout johdmoa. \ojo Omkgr Cgns`h-Owoa \agns`h,
Enrcosg Om`aocn yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotua`cpuhd morfnhotoh joh moyo omoh cot`rgoa nrdohgm
t`r`hjopmoh. Enrcosg Om`aocn c`cgagmg mnhtom drojosgnhoa j`hdoh Enrcosg Yup`rom joh
s`aoros j`hdoh Enrcosg Joeum yohd f`rojo jg otoshyo. Enrcosg Joeum t`rjgrg jorg fotuposgr
morfnhotoh, fotuaohou, fotua`cpuhd, joh mnhdanc`rot s`rto jgjudo t`r`hjopmoh pojo
aghdmuhdoh aout johdmoa. Enrcosg Dnao yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotua`cpuhd joh fotudocpghd j`hdoh
aghdmuhdoh iorfnhot` sk`ae t`r`hjopmoh s`aoros jg otos Enrcosg Joeum pojo a`hdoh forotjoyo,
hocuh pojo znho t`hdok Enrcosg Zopnyo joh Zoenhdo yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotuoh vnamohgm
t`r`hjopmoh s`aoros jg otos Enrcosg Joeum. Enrcosg Zopnyo joh Zoenhdo yohd t`rjgrg jorg
mnhdanc`rot, fotuposgrc tue, fosoat, joh ohj`sgt c`hohjog r`omtgvosg omtgvgtos vnamohgm pojo
znho t`hdok. \ojo a`hdoh forotjoyo Koacok`ro, fotuoh t`rcujo yohd jgt`cumoh ojoaok

Enrcosg Mua`eu yohd t`rjgrg jorg fotuposgr tueoh yohd s`ucur j`hdoh Enrcosg Zopoyo joh
Zoenhdo.
\`rgstgwo t`mtnhgm t`romkgr yohd t`rbojg ojoaok j`enrcosg joh upaget yohd jggmutg na`k `rnsg pojo
ucur Muort`r. \`rgstgwo ghg c`hdowoag p`hd`hjopoh fotudocpghd t`rucfu, oaauvguc, joh
fotuoh vnamohgm s`ioro tgjom s`aoros (Jorcoh & Ygjg, 6<<<).

6.4 Y`borok D`nandg

\uaou Koacok`ro c`cgagmg s`borok d`nandg yohd f`rf`jo pojo a`hdoh forot joh tgcur joaoc
koa m`rohdmo t`mtnhgmhyo. A`hdoh forot \uaou Koacok`ro c`rupomoh fusur j`poh jorg sucfu
sufjumsg Aout Coaumu yohd c`cgagmg jgppghd m` orok tgcur pojo Omkgr Mopur-Owoa Z`rsg`r.
Omtgvgtos vuamohgsc` pojo m`rohdmo t`mtnhgm a`hdoh forot soot ghg c`hy`fofmoh m`f`rojooh
fotuoh vnamohgmaostgm joh fr`msg aovo yohd c`hdoaocg oat`rosg kgjrnt`rcoa. A`hdoh tgcur
Koacok`ro c`rupomoh mncpa`ms negnagt f`rucur \ro-H`nd`h.

\ojo Owoa Z`rsg`r, a`hdoh forot Koacok`ro c`hdoaocg p`hd`hjopoh mnhdanc`rot vnamohgm
yohd f`rs`aghdoh fotua`cpuhd morfnhotoh joh hopoa yohd c`hdohjuhd enrocghge`ro.
\`rs`aghdoh mnhdanc`rot-fotua`cpuhd joh hopoa t`rs`fut c`hd`rnsg fotuoh vnamohgmaostgm
yohd s`f`auchyo f`rojo jg a`hdoh forot s`bom Owoa Mopur. \ojo Owoa Z`rsg`r-@ns`h
Z`rsg`r -@ns`h Z`hdok,
t`rbojg omtgvgtos vuamohgm yohd c`hy`fofmoh a`hdoh forot t`rtutupg na`k fotuoh vuamohgm jg otos
p`rs`aghdoh mnhdanc`rot-fotua`cpuhd joh hopoa. M`cujgoh omtgvgtos vuamohgm pojo @ns`h
t`rs`fut f`rk`htg joh jgomkgrg j`hdoh upaget jorg fusur j`poh tuo. Ppaget jorg fusur j`poh tuo
ghg m`cujgoh t`r`rnsg. @rnsg ghg jgs`fofmoh mor`ho ojohyo p`rufokoh orok d`rom A`cp`hd
\osgegm joh c`hdkosgamoh gcfrgmosg pojo fotuoh josor yohd t`aok c`hdoaocg
c`hdoao cg upaget.

\ojo Nagdns`h Z`hdok-Omkgr, s`auruk a`hdoh \uaou Koacok`ro c`hdoaocg sufsgj`hi` yohd
f`rboaoh aocfot kghddo pojo omkgrhyo t`rf`htum cnrenandg a`cfokoh. M`cujgoh, cnrenandg
a`cfokoh ghg t`rgsg na`k mnhdanc`rot j`hdoh moromt`rgstgm eauvgotga. \ojo Omkgr Nagdns`h,
p`hd`hjopoh fotuoh morfnhot f`rupo hopoa t`rbojg jgs`rtog j`hdoh j`frgt` vnamohgm yohd
c`hdghjgmosgmoh `rnsg jorg fotuoh josor. M`cujgoh, omtgvgtos vuamohgm m`cfoag t`rbojg pojo
Omkgr Nagdns`h ’ Cgns`h yohd jgs`fofmoh mor`ho ojohyo p`rd`romoh Y`sor Ynrnhd jg s`aotoh
\uaou Koacok`ro. C`hurut Koaa (?777), sufjumsg yohd c`cgagmg jgppghd m` orok forot
t`rf`htum pojo Owoa Cgns`h joh c`hdghgsgosg omtgvgtos vuamohgm yohd t`aok jgs`futmoh
s`f`auchyo. M`cujgoh, sufjumsg j`hdoh jgppghd m` orok tgcur t`rbojg pojo Cgns`h Z`hdok.
M`juo sufjumsg ghg c`hy`fofmoh p`cf`htumoh A`cp`hd Aout Coaumu yohd c`rupomoh
pgsokoh jorg A`cp`hd Aout Egagpgho.

\ojo Owoa \agns`h, t`rbojg p`rufokoh p`hd`hjopoh yohd s`cuao f`rupo p`hd`hjopoh fotuoh
morfnhot c`hbojg hopoa j`hdoh bucaok sgagsgmaostgm yohd c`agcpok. Fotuoh vnamohgm budo
jgt`cumoh pojo a`hdoh forot Koacok`ro yohd jgjudo c`rupomoh kosga `rnsg fusur vuamohgm
Z`rsg`r. Yufsgj`hi` budo t`rbojg pojo Owoa \agns`h yohd c`hy`fofmoh p`cf`htumoh
i`muhdoh. I`muhdoh ghg t`rgsg na`k fotuoh vnamohgmaostgm j`hdoh sums`sg v`rtgmoa f`rupo
inors`hghd upworj, koa ghg c`hdghjgmosgmoh ojohyo skoaanwghd pojo i`muhdoh yohd t`aok
t`rf`htum joh ojohyo p`hghdmotoh omtgvgtos vuamohgm pojo fusur codcotgm yohd t`aok
t`rf`htum s`f`auchyo. \ojo Owoa \agns`h t`rf`htum s`sor f`rorok HT-Y@ joh H@-YT yohd
f`rojo t`pot
t` pot jg f`aomohd fusur codcotgm omtge yohd t`rpgsok na`k i`muhdoh jg a`hdoh tgcur.
C`hurut Koaa (?777), p`rgstgwo inaagsgnh t`rbojg pojo fusur Koacok`ro. \`rgstgwo ghg
c`hy`fofmoh Fusur Aout Coaumu c`hdoaocg c`huhboc m` fowok Fusur Yohdgk` joh Fusur
Koacok`ro. Omgfothyo, t`rf`htum prgsco omr`sg yohd t`rsusuh otos negnagt yohd turut c`cyusuh
\uaou Koacok`ro (Docfor ).

Docfor ? \`rufokoh sucfu sufjumsg pojo Ghjnh`sgo Zgcur joh c`huhbummoh fokwo \uaou Koacok`ro t`rsusuh otos
mncpa`ms negnagt kosga p`huhbocoh Fusur Aout Coaumu t`rkojop Fusur Yohdgk` (Koaa, ?777).

J`enrcosg f`sor t`rbojg pojo \a`gstns`h f`rupo p`cf`htumoh agpotoh joh tkrustghd pojo
p`rt`cuoh a`hdoh forot
fo rot joh a`hdoh tgcur. \rns`s j`enrcosg ghg jopot jgs`fofmoh s`tgjomhyo
s`tg jomhyo

na`k tgdo koa f`rgmut 2

 ?. Zucfumoh poauhd Egagpgho t`rkojop A`cp`hd Aout Coaumu yohd c`hy`fofmoh
fusur codcotgm f`rd`s`r (Iorjw`aa `t oa., ?7;< joaoc Koaa `t oa., ?7;;)
6. Omtgvgtos Y`sor Ynrnhd pojo fotos A`cp`hd Egagpgho-Oustroago s`kghddo fusur
codcotgm f`rd`s`r m` utoro (Iorjw`aa `t oa., ?7;< joaoc Koaa `t oa., ?7;;)
9. \`rufokoh fotos A`cp`hd Egagpgho-Oustroago jg Y`aotoh Koacok`ro (Homocuro `t
oa., ?7;: joaoc Koaa `t oa., ?7;;)
\rns`s j`enrcosg t`rs`fut jggmutg j`hdoh fusur vuamohgm omtge jg \agns`h yohd t`aok f`rk`htg.
Fusur vuamohgm omtge ghg m`cujgoh t`r`rnsg joh sgso `rnsg jorg fusur vuamohgm ghg jgt`cumoh jg
s`f`aok Ptoro \uaou Koacok`ro (Koaa `t oa., ?7;;).