Machines Clare hag tg Ao erro a Mua eM eA eee e erat Kel aL ene cracker, Fol eM el Lee KU en Chapter Notes a Simple Machines Levers PulleyOBJECTIVE Type Questions Multiple Choice Questions-I [ I mark each ] 1. A woman draws water from a well using a fixed pulley. The mass of the bucket and the water together is 10 kg. The force applied by the woman is 200 N. The mechanical advantage is (g = 10 ms“): @2 & 20 © 0.05 @ 05 ICSE Sem-1, 2021] Ans. (d) 0.5 Explanation: Mass of water and bucket m=10kg Load = mg =10*10N =100N Effort = 200 N Mechanical advantage (ma) = Load Effort @ related Theory ‘ In case of ideal single fixed pulley, the mechanical advantage is always 1. In practically used single fixed ‘pulley, due to friction, M.A. is always less than 1. 2. A single fixed pulley is used because: (@) It changes the direction of applied effort conveniently. (©) It multiplies speed. (© It multiplies effort. @ Its efficiency is 100%, [HOT @] [ICSE Sem-1, 2021] ‘Ans. (a) It-changes the direction of applied effort conveniently Explanation: Single fixed pulley does not decreases the effort, it just adjusts the direction of effort 3. In the diagram shown below, the velocity ratio of the arrangement is: Rigid Support A e E Load L @1 2 ©3 @o [ICSE Sem-1, 2021] Ans. (&) 2 Explanation: This is the case of single movable pulley in which the distance travelled by effort is twice the distance travelled by load as load is supported by two strings. 4, vr= 2 qd, a Be 4, Mechanical advantage (M.A), load (L), and effort (E) are related as: E @MA=LxE MAST (QMAxEsL (@)MAxL=E IICSE Specimen Paper Sem-1, 2024] Ans. () MA.xE=L Explanation: Mechanical Advantage Machines5. Which one of the following statement(s) is. correct? (@) A machine is used to have more output energy as compared to input energy. (6) Mechanical advantage of a machine can never be greater than 1. (©) If a ‘machine gives. convenience of direction, then its mechanical advantage should be greater than 1. (@) For a given design of a machine, even if the mechanical advantage increases, the velocity ratio remains the same. [ICSE Specimen Paper Sem-1, 2021] | ‘Ans. (d) For a given design of a machine, even if the mechanical advantage increases, the velocity ratio remains the same Explanation: We cannot get more output energy than input energy as it is against the 1 law of conservation of energy also a part of energy is lost against friction force. Mechanical advantage can take value greater than 1, equal. to 1 or less from 1 asin case of class I levers. In | a single fixed pulley MA. = 1 and itis attached ‘to get effort in convenient direction. -. 6. Ifa block and tackle system with convenient direction has 3 movable pulleys then its velocity rat (@) iseither 6 or7,_ (b) should be 6: © should by7 . . @)is3 S [ICSE Specimen Paper Sem-1, 2021] | Ans. (d) is 3 Explanation: In a block and tackle system the velocity ratio is always equal to the number of movable pulleys. 7. Mechanical advantage is ratio of: © effort to load (©) load to effort (©) load arm to effort arm @ none Ans. (b) Load to effort Explanation: Mechanical advantage is used for assessing the performance of a machine. It is the ratio. of the force produced by,the ma- chine (Load) to the force applied to the ma- chine (Effort). 8. Velocity ratio is the ratio oft @) velocity of effort to velocity of load (©) velocity of load to velocity of effort (© load to effort @ none Ans. (a) velocity of effort to velocity of load Explanation: The ratio of the distance moved by the point at which the effort is applied in a simple machine to the distance moved by the point at which the load is applied, in the same time. [HOT 8] 48 EduGart ICSE Physics Class X SER oS 9: A’pulley system has velocity ratio 5 and is _ used to lift a load of 100 kgf through a verti- cal height of 15 m. Find the distance through which effort is moved: (@) 15m (&) 75m (©) 3m (@) None F [ICSE Sem-1, 2021] ‘Ans, (0). 75m. % Explanation: “VR = <= a f d. ¢ de=75m 40. A pulley system consists of 5 pulleys having efficiency’ of ‘80%. The mechanical-advan- tage of the system is: (@) 300 4, Ans. (¢) 4 Explanation: () 40 @ 04 VR =5 (As number of pulleys are 5) Efficiency (s) = MA 50 100. MA=4 Multiple Choice Que: [Other Question Types, For Extra Practice] ont [2 marksleach] R. MA. 5 ns-Il 14.:\(A) When'.a machine: is/used asa: force multiplier, then: (@) Effort = Load (© Effort Output work: (@ None of these Ans. (A) (0) Effort < Load 8 Explanation: ‘The mechanical advantage of the machine is greater, than unity then, the ef- fort arm is greater than the local arm. (®) @) Input work = Output work ‘Explanation: In, non-ideal condition, mechan- ical advantage ‘is less than unity, as there is always some loss of input energy against fric- tion. (Effort > Load (@) None of these12. (A) A block and tackle pulley system has n pulleys. If the load moves up through a distance d, the effort end moves through a distance: @d (b) nd d (© d+nd @ = (8) Which. of the following quantity is unit less? (@ Load () Effort (© Velocity ratio (@). Work output Ans. (A) (0) nd ® (© Velocity ratio Explanation: Mechanical. advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency are unit less quantities. 13. Calculate the effort applied in the upward direction in case of a single movable pulley which lifts a bucket of water of weight 30 kgf, if efficiency of the given pully sustem is 60%: (@) 100 kof (b) 20 kof © 2Skof @ None Ans. (¢) 25 kgf Explanation: VR. =2 (Single movable pulley) n=60% =06 ane TVR, MA. 06 = NS MA. =12 L Also, MA== 30 Mine ¥ = 25 kof A\ caution ‘ % In case of practical pulleys (having efficiency less than 1), MA. is calculated using ‘efficiency and velocity ratio. % HFideal pulley is used (y = 1) take MA. = V.R: 14, A block and tackle system of pillleys is used to lift the load of 360 kgf by applying an effort of 200 kgf such that load is lifted to a height of 2.m and effort is applied through a distance of 8 m. Find M.A. and V.R. of the system. (@) MA.=3.6, VR. © MA=2VR=8 © MA=18,VR=4 @ MA.=4,VR= 6 Ans. (6) MA.=18,VR=4 Explanation: — dy =2m, de=8m ves % 4 =oe4 2 Load Als a boad 0, MA= ee a, = 200k9f 200kaf MA =18 15. A crow bar of length 100 cm has its fulerum ince of 25 cm from the (3 wo © 2 @1 Ans. (a) 3 Explanation: Distance between fulcrum and load = 25cm Total length of crowbar = 100 cm. -. Distance between Effort and fulcrum = (100-25) cm =75cm EA =75cm and LA. = 25cm & important \ All distance (effort arm and load arm) are to be measured from fulcrum only. 16. A cook uses a fire tongs of length 30 cm to © e\teft'a piecetof burning coal of mass 500 g. If he applies his effort ata distance of 10 cm from the fulcrum, what is the effort ? () 2 kof « &) 05 kat © Akof” @ 15 kof “1.5 kgh i Explanation: Fire tongs has length. =30cm Machines 49Also, Also, m=5009 =05kg Load = 0.5 kof L MA == os E > E=1Skgf Multiple Choice Questions-lll [Other Question Types, For Extra’ Practice] [4 marks each] 17.The diagram: given shows a’ system of pulleys. The upper two pulleys are fixed and the lower are movable: ‘ With respect to-this diagram, answer the following questions: (A) The velocity ratio of the system Is: @2 )3 ©4 @s5 (®) The load and effort of the given pulley system are related as (considering ideal case): so @ Edu(cart ICSE Physics Class X E L @u-% me=t ( L=E+4 @E=L+4 (©) The effort needed to lift a load of 360 Nif efficiency is 90% is: (@) 400N (b) 200N (© 150N (@ 100N (0) A pulley system works as: (@) energy gainer () force multiplier (© friction reducer (@ energy conservator Ans. (A) (c) 4 Explanation: V.R is equal to number of pulleys. at OWE 33. Explanation: MA=E L ATE L or ext © @100N Explanation: MA. = VR. x efficiency, =100N (©) © force multiplier 18. A pulley system with velocity ratio 4 is used to lift a load of 150 kgf through a vertical ight of 20 m. The effort required is 50 kgf in the downward direction. With reference to this, answer the following questions: (A) Distance moved by the effort is: (@) 10m (b) 20m (© 40m (@) 80m (®) Work done by the effort is: (@) 20,000 5 (b) 30,000 5 (©) .40,0003 (@) 50,000 (©) The mechanical advantage is: @3 m4 ©'2 @1 (©) Efficiency of the pulley system is: @ 60% (©) 75% © 90% (@ 100%Ans. (A) () 80m Explanation: VR = 4 4, Se 20 de = 80m 4 ®) © 40,000) Explanation: Work done by the effort Work done © @3 Explanation: MA. ©) @) 75% Explanation: Efficiena «100° 3100 4 = 75% 19. A pulley system with VR. 4 is used to lift a load of 175 kgf through a vertical height of 15 m. The effort required is 50 kof in the downward direction. With reference to this, answer the following questions: (A) The total number of pulleys is: @2 (b) 4 ©s @sé (©) The number of pulleys in:lower block is: @ 2 (©) 3 ©4 @t (©) Mechanical advantage of the) pulley system is; @2 &) 25 35 45 (0) The efficiency of the pulley system ist (@) 70% (b) 80% © 85% (@ 87.5% ‘Ans. (A) (0) 4 Explanation: Velocity ratio is always equal to total number of pulleys. Hence total number of pulley is 4. ® @2 Explanation: Number of pulleys in lower block is either equal to or one less than the number of pulleys in upperblock. The total number of pulleys is 4, hence the number of pulleys in each block is 2. ©@35 load _ 175 Explanation, MA, = 220 = 273 = 3, Renae Effort” 50 (0) 87.5% Explanation: efficiency = MA: 100 VR. 35 = 33 100 4 = 875% 20. A block and a tackle has a velocity ratio 4 ‘and is used to lift a load of 300 kgf through a vertical helght of 15 m. The effort applied Is 90 kgf in the downward direction with reference to. this, answer. the following questions: (A) The distance moved by the effort: (@) 60m (b) 45m (© 30m @ 15m (®) The mechanical advantage: @ 2.41 (&) 3.13 © 3.33 @ 444 (©) The efficiency of the pulley system: (@ 80% (&) 81% (©),82.3% @ 83.3% (©) Total number of pulley: @2 (b) 4 ©5 @é Ans. (A) (a) 60m e Explanation: | VR. = 4 de i ete ibm x15 0m ® ©333 ‘ L_300 Explanation: MA. = Beas, (© 833 Explanation: Efficiency of the pulley sytem MA, ne MA VR. Machines 5110 Explanation: MA. = £ ago! E 46 Ma. = 222 2179 =0833 280 3.3% © @895% ows Explanation: Efficiency of the pulley sytem Explanation: Total number of pulleys n= MA._179 = Velocity Ratio VR 2 =4 = 0.895 = 89.5% 24. The figure given-alongside show a single Q@2 movable pulley system with reference to Explanation: The ideal Mechancial advantage this, answer the following questions: is 2 because in ideal condition, efficiency is 1 or 100%. 22. State whether the given statements are true or false. q A lever works on the principle of moments. (©) Unit of mechanical advantage is same as T that of Load. ‘Ans. (4) True Explanation: In equilibrium: position of the lever, moment of the load about the fulcrum E=280N ‘and the moment effort about the fulcrum must be equal to the moment of effort about the fulcrum and the two moments must be a always in opposite direction. : ©) False Sh ratio of Hr eu - (A) The velocity ratio of this pulley system is: Explanation: Mechanical advantage is the @1 @2 ratio of two similar quantities, force, hence it ©3 @4 will have no unit. ical advantage is: ©) The — s a tes 23. State whether the given statements are true @1 ) A or false. @ 184 @ 17 A) A simple machine can act‘as a force and (©) The efficiency of the pulley system is: velocity multiplier simultaneously. (@ 89.5% (©) 92.4% (®) Steeper the inclined plane more is the (© 91.8% @ 87.6% effort needed to push a load up the ie plane. ‘Ans, (A) False Explanation: A simple machine at one time ‘Ans. (A) &)2 ccan act as a force multiplier where effort arm is bigger than load arm. At a different time, it lanation: IF load moves a distance x th ae mea et can act as velocity multiplier where effort arm effort will distance 2x. rane is smaller than load arm. VRe 4m © Tue 8 Explanation: The steeper the’ inclined. plane 2 the more effort will be required because in a steeper plane, less is the length, therefore the @ 179 mechanical advantage (M.A) is less and the effort needed to push the load more. 52 g Edu(art’ ICSE Physics Class XAssertion Reason Based Questions [A-R] [2 marks each] (@ Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (&) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). © iistrue but (R)is false. (@ Both (A) and (R) are false. 24, Assertion (A): Scissors used for cutting metals have short blade and long handles. . Reason (R): Resistance offered by metals is very small. Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. Explanation: Resistance offered by metals is large therefore large mechanical advantage is required from scissors to cut the metal Therefore, handles should be long and blade should be short. 25. Assertion (A) ; There is no mechanical benefit of a single fixed pulley. Reason (R): Effort exerted on single pulley is greater than that of the load. ‘Ans. (b) Both (4) and (R) are’trie but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). Explanation: A single fixed pulley is used only to change the direction of the force applied that is with its use, the effort can be applied in a more convenient direction. To raise a load directly upwards is difficult. To lift the load while changing the direction of a lifting power, a single fixed pulley is being used. While there is no mechanical advantage with a single fixed pulley, the effort exerted is greater than that of the load, because you should not have to pull or drive the pulley up and down, itis preferable to.use. 26. Assertion (A): Class Ill levers should be used for force multiplier. In Class Ill levers, effort arms in’ smaller depicting’ small effort. Ans. (f) (A) is true but (R) is false. Explanation: Class II levers should be used ‘as force multiplier as in such levers, effort ‘arm is,longer than the load arm. Mechanical ‘advantage is always greater than unity in class II levers, therefore, heavy load can be lifted with minimum effort. Case Based Questions [ 5 marks each ] 27.A pulley is one of the original simple machines. The pulley was possibly created by Archimedes in B.C. times. Its original Reason (R): use was to lift buckets of water. The term sheave can also be used to refer.to a pulley. Pulleys can be found. everywhere to help make tasks easier. In addition to lifting things, pulleys can be'used singly or with many pulleys working together in order to transport people or things. They can also be used to provide power from one shaft to ‘another (A) . Mechanical advantage is ratio of. (©) Load and efficiency (©) Effort Gnd force (© toad and effort (@ Load and displacement () The resistive force to be overcome by a machine is: ©), Effort (Load © _ Efficiency (@) Work (©) Mechanical advantage greater than 1, a actos: © gainin speed (©) force multiplier © no force multiplier @ Both (2) and (b) (0) An external force applied to a simple machine to overcome the load is: © Effort (®) Load (© Both (a) and (6) @ None of the above © When effort arm is 80 cm and load arm is 5 cm the ideal mechanical advantage of a lever will be: 525: Machines g 53@ 16 © 7 ‘Ans. (A) (€)'Load and effort Explanation: Mechanical advantage is the ratio of local to the effort. (Load Explanation: The. resistive force,;to be overcame by a machine is called load (1) The point where energy is obtained by overcome the load is called the load point. © © force muttiptier Explanation: A machine acts os a force multiplier when the effort arm is longer than the load arm. The mechanical ‘advantage of such machines is greater 20 @1 ®) than 1. ©) © Effort Explanation: An external force applied to -simple machine to overcome a load is called effort. © @16 Explanation: Ideal mechanical advantage. Effort Arm. ‘Load Arm = 2-16 28. Bones, ligaments, and muscles are the structures that form levers in the body to create human movement: In simple terms, 4 joint (where two: or more‘ bones join together) forms the axis (or fulcrum), and the muscles crossing the joint apply the force to move a weight or resistance. Levers are typically labelled as first class, second class, or third class. All three types are found the body, but most levers in the human body are third class. (Sear (A) What type of levers have mechanical advantage always greater than 1? (®) For levers with’ MA. < 1, what! is its specification and of what use they are? (©) What is MA. for a beam of a common balance? ‘Ans..(A) Mechanical Advantage'of second: order levers is always greater than 1 because the effort arm is-always longer than the load arm. ® The mechanical-advantage of third order levers is always less than one, They, have effort between load and fulcrum and effort {arm is always shorter than load arm. Third class levers are used to,gain in speed. (©) The beam of a common. balance has Mechanical Advantage (MA) = 1. SUBJECTIVE Type Questions Short Answers Type- I Questions [SAI] [2mnarks each] 29. (A) Identify the class of the lever. shown in | the diagram below. L F E (©) How is it possible to increase the M.A. of the above lever without increasing its length? {ICSE 2020] Ans. (A) Class il lever (®) The MA of the lever can be increased by shifting load towards effort 54 Edu(art | ICSE Physics Class X && (A), Class il ; (®)_By shifting effort away from the fulcrum), ‘towards the load or shifting loads o¢ bittowards effort/decreasing the load arm [Marking Scheme] BZ] what Examiners Say (A) Some candidates’ did not identify the class of lever corectly ; % @ This part of the question was not answered by most candidates. Many candidates expressed the answer learnt by rote ie, “By increasing effort arm": They did not pay attention to the statement without increosing'the length ofthe lever The folowing errors were also observed. (Some candidates wrote by increasing load or by decreasing effort. without realzing that os load changes, effore also changes proportionately ()A few candidates rote = change the postion of load and effort without realizing that the class of lever would change30, The diagram below shows'a claw used to remove a nail: ee ‘Claw hammer > ait (A) To which class of te it rene ver does it (©) Give one more example of the same class of lever mentioned by you in (A) for which the mechanical advantage isgreater than one. [ICSE 2019] ‘Ans. (A) The above diagram belongs'to’class | lever. > (®) Crow bar and pliers (a> 1). [Marking Scheme} 31. The diagram below shows a lever in use: (A) To which class of levers does it belong? (©) Without changing the’ dimensions of lever, if the load is shifted towards the fulcrum what happens to the mechanical advantage of the lever? [ICSE 2018] ‘Ans. (A) It belongs to. class I lever as,,load is between effort and fulcrum. ., (@ The mechanical advantage. of the lever Effort arm increases as MA. = Load arm 3A] what Examiners Say “ Mos of the condidates wrote second cass lever but ‘few candidates dd write Class or Class Il lever. jor of the candidates were unable to answer ine Happens tothe mechanical edvantage of tretever Fthe load is shifted towards the fulcrum wuthout changing the dimensions ofthe lever They Jse mentoned mechanical advontage is greater than"one without. realzng. thatthe mechanical tdvantage of lever is already > 1.which Increases fareher 32. State the basic principle on which simple machines work. Explain why a single fixed pulley is used despite no gain in mechanical advantage. Ans, Simple machines work on the lane of convervation of energy in a system. It states that “energy can neither be created nor be destroyed” A single fixed pulley is used to change the application of effort in convenient direction. 33. Scissors for cutting cloth have blades much longer than handles. Why? {HOT 3) Ans. Blades are much langer than handles to get gain in speed so that cloth may be cut at faster rate. __ 34, Why a jack screw provided with a long arm? ‘Ans: lticrease in'torquie arm, increases the moment of force so, lesser effort is required for turning. 7 tsFxd . Where, xis the torque required for turning F = force applied (Effort needed) d= length of arm of the screw For same'turning effect (0), if d increases F decreases ie, same turning effect can be obtained with less effort 35. A boy uses a single fixed pulley to lift a load ol) 1f,50 kgf to same height. Another boy uses ‘a single movable pulley to lift the same load to the same height. Compare the effort applied by them. Give a reason to support your answer. [ICSE 2017] ‘Ans. For first boy For second boy Mast Effort applied will be in the ratio 2:1. as MA. of single fixed pulley is 1 whereas MA. of single riidvable pulley in 2. [Marking Scheme] 36. Identify and classify the following into levers as class |, class Il or class III: ; © a (i Oa, 61D é Machines $8 55‘Ans. (A). A door ~ Class I! ever " (8) Acrowbar ~ Class Iléver (© Sugar tongs ~ Class Il lever (©) Bottle opener - Class Il lever 37. With reference to the terms Mechanical ‘Advantage, Velocity Ratio and Efficiency of a machine name and define the term that will not change for @’ machine’ of @ given design. ‘Ans. Velocity Ratio remains constant. Velocity ratio is the ratio of velocity of effort to the velocity of load, 38. What is the relationship between the mechanical advantage and the velocity ratio for: @ Ideal machine (©) Practical machi ‘Ans. (A) For ideal machine MA=VR ® For practical machine TaMay MER Hor 8) or MA=nxVR. Where 1 = efficiency of the machine 39. Which class of levers has a mechanical advantage always greater than one? What change can be done in the lever to increase its mechanical advantage? Ans. Class Il levers have MA. greater than one always. _ Effortarm Load arm MA. In class Il levers effort arm is always greater than load arm. Hence MA.> 1. io { To Increase its M.A. length of load arm has ‘to be reduced by shifting load towards the fulcrum. 40. State four functions of a simple machine, Ans. (1) As a force multiplier (2) Asa speed multiplier ) To shift the point of application of effort to a more convenient point (4) To change the direction of the effort. 56 Edu(rart ICSE Physics Class X es 44, While using a machine, you observe that the output is not equal to the energy input. ‘State the reason for this and state how can you increase the efficiency of the machine to 100% if its possible. ‘Ans. A practical machine differs from an ideal machine. In ideal machine, Output work Input work or efficiency but in practical machines, output work is always less than the input work. Practical machines loss energy and efficiency in form of heat due to friction and VR is not equal to MA. or output work is less than input work. ‘An ideal machine can exist in theory but not in real life as there will always be some loss of energy. We can increase efficiency of ‘any machine to a certain limit by oiling and decreasing friction between moving parts of a machine. 42. Every day you use your body as a machine. Explaining the movement, show that three classes of levers are observed in a human body. Ans. All three classes of levers can be observed in human body, Class | of lever is found in the s>eineck when raising your head. The neck muscles provide the effort, the neck is the fulcrum, and ‘the weight of the head is the load. Class Il lever is found’ when you raise your ankles. When standing on tiptoe, the ball of the foot acts as the fulertim, the weight of the body acts as the load and the effort comes from the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle. During a biceps curl, the fulérum is the ‘elbow joint, the effort comes from the biceps contracting and ‘the resistance is the weight of the forearm and any weight that it may be holding. Such movement describes class Ill of levers,Short Answers Type-II Questions [SA-tt] [3 marks each ] 43. A block and tackle ‘system of pulleys has velocity ratio 4. (A) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the system indicating clearly the points of application and direction of load and effort. (©) What will be its VR. if the weight of the movable blockis doubled? [ICSE 2020] Ans. (A) VRa4 SS aah = eos 2 IZ. (8) There will be no change in velocity ratio and it will remain 4, BAA what Examiners Say ‘ (A) Following errors were observed: (1)No fixed support was shown. (2) Strands drawn were loose. (3) Connections shown were incorrect. (4) Directions of either/both load and effort were not marked, (5) Rough sketches of pulleys were drawn. ‘ ®) Most candidates wrote that VR. becomes half double. Long Answers Type Questions [La] [4 marks each] 44. The diagram below shows a pulley ‘arrangement: [oa (A) Copy. the diagram and mark the direction of tension on each strand of the string. (®) What is the velocity ratio of the arrangement? (O)If the tension acting on the string is T, then what is the relationship between T cand effort E? (O)If the free end of the string moves through a distance x, find the distance by which the load is raised. [HOT @] [ICSE 2019] ‘Ans. |(A) The diagram with direction of tension ‘on each stand is shown below Distance travelled by effort Distance travelled by load =2 Velocity ratio of the arrangements 2, (oy E=T ® Vv. oO yp et [Marking Scheme} 52] what Examiners Say \ (4) Most of them marked arrows correctly but some of them marked the arrows in two different directions on the two strands. Machines@ Mojority of the candidates answered correctly. ‘Some of them derived and obtained the answer. “ (©) Most of them answered it as E = T but some of them due to lack of clarity answered it as E = 27. ‘Some even answered using inequality. \ (©) Many candidates answered correctly as > but some of them wrote it as 2x Some wrote in terms of L The concept that the velocity ratio depends upon the number of strands supporting the load was missing. 45. (A) Draw a diagram to show a block and tackle pulley system having a velocity ratio of 3 marking the direction of load fl (U, effort (© and tension (1). (@) The pulley system drawn lifts @ load of 150 | N when an effort of 60 N is applied. Find its mechanical advantage, (©)Is the above pulley system an ideal i machine or not? ‘Ans. (A) Rigid su Pport T E ; An Two pulleys in block and one pulley (movable) in taclle, their proper connection ‘marking direction of Load (L) and effort ©) ‘and at least on tension and the support, | strands should be stretched. ® Mechanical advantage (WA) = bead _150N Effort GON =25 (©) No, itis not an ideal system as MA. < VR. 46. Draw a diagram of a pulley system of velocity ratio 4. Calculate its mechanical advantage if its efficiency is 90%. [HOT 8] [ICSE Specimen Paper, 2018] Ans. Given 58 g EduGaort ICSE Physics Class X Efficiency 47. A pulley system with VIR. = a load of 175 kgf through a vertical height of 15 m. The effort required is 50 kf in the downward direction. (g = 10 N kg ~*) Calculate: (A) Distance moved by the effort. (®) Work done by the effort. (©) MA of the pulley system. (©) Efficiency of the pulley system [Ics 2017] Given: @ VR. VR =4 distance moved by effort distance moved by load iohzenO ods