NAME:

STEVE MARTIN OCHIENG OURE

INSTITUTION:
MAWEGO NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC
DEPARTMENT: INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND
MATHEMATICS
COURSE:
DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
ADMISSION NO:
17976
PHONE: +254708659394
EMAIL: steveoure96@gmail.com

A REPORT ON FIELD ATTACHMENT

AT

Sukari Industries Limited

P.o. box: 237, 40302 Ndhiwa- Kenya

Date From 04/09/2023 Date To 30/11/2023

PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT

An Attachment Report Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
diploma in Information Communication Technology
at
MAWEGO TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

Date Submitted: 28/11/2023

 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare without any reasonable doubt that the work presented in this attachment report is
my own original and independent work and it has not been presented before to the Faculty of
Information Communication Technology and Mathematics for the award of diploma in Information
Communication Technology at Mawego Technical Training Institute . No part of this report shall
therefore be duplicated without my prior consent.

Sign: ………………………..

Date: ………………………..

ii
 APPROVAL
This report has been compiled and submitted by Steve Martin Ochieng Oure under the
guidance of my Field supervisor Kennedy Ochola at Sukari Industries Ltd with the
approval of the following:

Academic Supervisor:

Signature……………….. ………………

Nick Nyamwamu

Field Supervisor:

Signature……………….. ………………

Kennedy Ochola

IT Department Manager

Signature……………….. ………………

Evans Oganda

iii
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this report to my parents , George Oure and Rose Okal ,for their encouragement,
physical and financial support in my education.
It’s been a tough journey but thanks to the Almighty God for his guidance.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to Sukari Industries Ltd and Mawego Technical Training
Institute for giving me this opportunity to do an information technology training as a partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the diploma in
Information Communication Technology .

Throughout this training, I am very honoured and lucky with the encouragement and
guidance
from my supervisors Kennedy Ochola, Steve Obanda, Steve Otieno and my academic
supervisor
Mr. Nyamwamu.

I thank the staff of Sukari Industries ltd for being supportive and sparing the time to share
their knowledge in various fields.

In addition, I offer sincere thanks to my fellow trainees for making learning an interesting
team work adventure.

v
 ABSTRACT
As a requirement for a student to acquire diploma in Information Communication
Technology, he/she
has to undergo graduate training in order to gain experience necessary in the field and for the
job market. This is at least done from a known organization which deals with some
computing beyond mere theoretical work and to satisfy this requirement, I trained with Sukari
Industries Ltd.

I joined Sukari Industries Ltd as an attaché from September to November for a period of 13
weeks. In this report, I have highlighted the experience and skills I gained, challenges that I
faced and actions taken in solving the problems during my training.

My training focused on various things like hardware repair and maintenance, Systems
Configuration, networking and systems administration. Some of the activities I did during the
training include; repairing printers, assembling and disassembling computer systems and
adding computers to the domain.

During this training, there was an addition of skills acquired and among these were ability to
Do Weighbridge platform maintenance & Calibration, work under minimum supervision,
planning to be able to beat deadlines and being a team player.

vi
Contents
DECLARATION...................................................................................................................................ii
APPROVAL.........................................................................................................................................iii
DEDICATION......................................................................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................................................v
ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE....................................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1.0.1About industrial training........................................................................................................1
1.0.2 Objectives of industrial training............................................................................................1
1.1 Company Location.......................................................................................................................2
1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................2
1.3 MISSION, VISION AND CORE VALUES...........................................................................................3
1.3.1 Company’s Mission..............................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Company’s Vision................................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Company’s Core Values.......................................................................................................3
1.4 Organization profile.....................................................................................................................3

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 1.4.1 Value proposition..................................................................................................................4
1.6 Organizational structure..............................................................................................................4
1.6.1 Human Resource Department..............................................................................................5
1.6.2 Finance department..............................................................................................................5
1.6.3 Agricultural department........................................................................................................5
1.6.4 Sales and Marketing Department..........................................................................................5
1.6.5 Engineering Department......................................................................................................5
1.6.6 Stores and Purchase Department..........................................................................................6
1.6.7 IT department......................................................................................................................6
Chief Information Officer (CIO)..........................................................................................................7
IT Manager........................................................................................................................................7
System Administrator........................................................................................................................8
Administration...............................................................................................................................8
Support..........................................................................................................................................9
Communications............................................................................................................................9
Programming...............................................................................................................................10
Company Website........................................................................................................................10
Application Development............................................................................................................11
CHAPTER TWO.................................................................................................................................12
FIELD ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES......................................................................................................12
2.0 HARDWARE........................................................................................................................12
2.2 Printers...................................................................................................................................15
2.3 Automatic Voltage Regulator/UPS........................................................................................16
2.4 Installation of Windows.........................................................................................................17
2.5 System Administration..........................................................................................................23
2.6 Networking Activities:................................................................................................................23
2.6.1 Wired (Ethernet Connection).............................................................................................23
2.6.2 Wireless(wi-fi) connection..................................................................................................25
2.7 CCTV Installation..................................................................................................................25
2.8 Weigh bridge Calibration...........................................................................................................26
CHAPTER THREE.............................................................................................................................28
3.0 EXPERIENCE...............................................................................................................................28
3.1 DISCUSSING THE EXPERIENCES & CHALENGES.......................................................28
4.0 CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................29
4.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................29
4.1.1Summary..............................................................................................................................29

viii
 4.1.2 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................29
4.1.3 Recommendation................................................................................................................30
4.2 Strength.................................................................................................................................30
4.3 Weaknesses............................................................................................................................30
GLOSSARY........................................................................................................................................31

ix
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.0.1About industrial training

As part of Government of Kenya’s policy in education, the Mawego Technical Training

institute have initiated a mandatory industrial attachment as part of the student program to
achieve the mission of practical exposure.
This industrial attachment enables every student to acquaint themselves with what has been
learnt in lectures hall and also gives student an exposure to the working environment. The
industrial attachment brings greater benefit since student have more opportunities to be
involved in real practical work in organization and also acquaint themselves through
advancement through innovation of new techniques and a new practice. Students are also
exposed to the real world of work and its challenges which will prepare them towards our
future careers.
Being a student of Mawego Technical Training Institute, studying in order to fit well into the
industry, it is necessary for student to know how some of the industry operates. That is the
main reason for industrial attachment . The industrial attachment helps student to understand
the industrial application of the theories taught in class. It also helps students to face
challenges in the industry and in so doing the students try to find possible solutions to such
challenges. Industrial attachment complements the efforts of lecturers and instructors as well
as giving the student a first-hand experience of the activities of the industry.
The industrial attachment intends to offer students a practical translation of the theory they
have been taught. It has also got individual benefit of liaising the college to the industries,
hence brightening the employment chances of the students in the college.

1.0.2 Objectives of industrial training

There are several objectives of industrial training to the student, organization and colleges,
and some of them are listed below;

1.0.2.1 Objectives of industrial training to the student

● To give the student an opportunity to put theoretical knowledge learnt in to practice.

● To give the student an opportunity to gain more practical skills.

● To give the student an opportunity to learn how to relate with the people in the field
that is to say a team player.
● To give the student exposure to the rapidly changing technological world.

● To get exposed to working pressures, learning to cope up with them and

appropriately respond to them i.e. learn to beat deadline.
● To develop the skill of punctuality and responsibility at the work places.

1
 ● To learn to easily adapt to new working environments.

● To develop a student’s computing skills in various skills like networking security.

● To improve technical skills by having hands on working experience at the industrial

training places.

1.0.2.2 Objectives of industrial training to the organization

● The organizations aim at tapping new and bright ideas that trainees usually
possess, and such ideas can be used by the companies to improve their services and
their earnings
● The organizations view industrial training as an opportunity for future recruitment of
employees whereby trainees who display exceptional abilities can be recruited
by the companies in the near future.
● Some organizations view industrial training as an opportunity for tapping cheap labor
from the interns for that specified period of time.
● It is a compulsory obligation for the companies to offer training to
students from tertiary institutions such as universities, technical colleges and technical
schools.

1.0.2.3 Objectives of industrial training to the college

● To provide the students with practical work to consolidate the theoretical work taught
at the college.
● To create a working link between the college and the organization where the student
is training from.
● The college views the industrial training places as the partners in the task of
educating the students.
● The students are expected to obtain new ideas from their industrial training places
which when presented to the college through the reports, can help the college to
modify the content of the syllabi so as to suit the job standards.
● Industrial training acts as an evaluation of the colleges by the
organizations and hence if the student interns display credible knowledge, the
university gets a good recommendation.

1.1 Company Location

Sukari Industries Limited (SIL) is located in Ndhiwa district in a town called Riat- West
Nyokal in Kanyikela about 10km from Ndhiwa Town

2
1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Pioneer of Sukari Industries Limited was Sunil Patel and Lalu as contractor in 2010. At its
inception, there was a lot of political resistance due to fear of local voters being relocated as a
result of acquisition of land for developing the factory. Notable among them was the late
Monica Amollo an aspiring Member of Parliament at the time.

Due to resistance, sensitization was put in place to convince the local community on the
benefits of the factory. Champions of change were the late area Member of Parliament at that
time Honorable Orwa Ojode, His Excellency Governor Okoth Obado (at the time Director
Kenya sugar Board, District Commissioner Aggrey Modenyi, District Commissioner Rata
John, Counselor Nyambero Onyango, Area Chief Okumu Owiti and Assistant Chief Javan
Abuto.

The District Commissioner Geoffrey Omoding' and the late Hon. Orwa Ojode instructed the
chief to do a door to door campaign convincing people to give their land for sale at a price of
Ksh. 70,000 per acre to the factory.

Sunil was then advised to pay land owners and transactions done later on in the land office in
Homa Bay in liaison with the land officer/ registrar then Madam Lamu who forthwith issued
title deeds.

The chiefs and assistant chiefs assisted sign forms for widows who had not undertaken land
succession for ease of transfer of title deeds.

The factory started on a 15 acreage piece of land. To date it lies on more than 100 acreage of
land. Full operation was in 2011 with groundbreaking done by sitting H.E. Governor Zachary
Okoth Obado of Migori County.

Currently, this is one of the flagship projects for the Rai Group of Companies that is currently
processing half of Kenyan sugar with other millers located in the former western province.

1.3 MISSION, VISION AND CORE VALUES

1.3.1 Company’s Mission
To produce and market sugar under conditions that conform to the highest internationals
standard in quality.

1.3.2 Company’s Vision

To be leading sugar producer in Africa, renown at home and abroad for its high quality, value
added product.
To develop the small scale sugar cane farmer in and around our sugar cane catchment areas
and to contribute to and participate in social responsibility initiatives together with local
communities.

3
1.3.3 Company’s Core Values
The Company’s policy is to provide equal employment opportunities and to base Human
Resources decisions upto individual merit and capabilities. In pursuit of this policy, staff
members are engaged regardless to race, colour, religion, language, political or other opinion,
ethnic or social origin, nationality, race, sex, disability, pregnancy, HIV status or marital
status.

The company also believes that the term “diversity” incorporates all characteristics that make
employees both alike and unique-backgrounds, cultures, nationalities, lifestyle, identities,
points of view, approaches to solving problems and ways of working. The commitment to
diversity is a business imperative that will propel the Company to greater heights in future.

1.4 Organization profile

Sukari Industies Ltd is a private company processing and producing sugar for human
consumption

1.4.1 Value proposition

Teamwork
● To Harness Individual talents and ideas for a common goal.

● We shall promote Team effort, Trust and Partnership to achieve our set goals.

Integrity
We shall serve with accountability, transparency, trust, honest and consistency in all we do.

Respect
We shall highly esteem our clients/ stakeholders while delivering a responsive Service.

Excellence
● Excellence in service, client care, image and presentation.

● We continuously strive to offer a better service today than we did yesterday.

● We aim to exceed client expectations.

1.5 Code of Conduct Expected in SIL

a) Descent dressing is recommended.
b) Discipline should be attained.
c) Confidentiality is necessary.
d) Making loose talks and unguarded statements is not allowed.
e) Politics engagement is not allowed.
f) Time management mandatory.
g) Team work is encouraged.

1.6 Organizational structure

4
Sukari industries Limited is organized into hierarchy with top, middle and operational
management. The company has various departments which assist in the delivery of quality
services to the clients.

These departments include the following;

1.6.1 Human Resource Department

This department carries out the recruitment, rewards management, learning and development,
employee communications and administration.

1.6.2 Finance department

This department involves financial policy and management including cash management,
financial accounting, system and budgetary control. It also deals with controlling of cash
around the organization.

1.6.3 Agricultural department

It deals with cane growth and harvesting

1.6.4 Sales and Marketing Department

Responsible for promoting and selling the company's products and by-products. This
department is also responsible for market research and identifying new sales opportunities.

5
1.6.5 Engineering Department
Responsible for designing, operating , and maintaining machinery to facilitate efficient
processes, quality control and safety standards.

1.6.6 Stores and Purchase Department

The department deals with the procurement of materials needed by the company and various
departments.

1.6.7 IT department
This department is responsible for all technological issues within the organization and as well
as ensuring the smooth running of services needed by the workers and staff respectively.

The department offer user support whenever there’s need. IT department also provide user
training in regard to user area of operation related to computer & new technology involved.

An Information Technology, or IT, Department develops, manages and maintains an

organization's technology-related assets (hardware, software, systems, etc.), policies,
procedures and systems. This includes, but is not limited to, the administration of company
email systems, business intelligence and enterprise resource planning [ERP] platforms,
network setup, data backup and retrieval and document storage. The group also provides
employees with day-to-day technology support to ensure that technology-related problems do
not interfere with their work.

1.6.7.1 IT Structure

CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)

IT MANAGER

6
 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

A chief information officer (CIO) is the company executive responsible for the management,
implementation, and usability of information and computer technologies.

Because technology is increasing and reshaping industries globally, the role of the CIO has
increased in popularity and importance. The CIO analyzes how various technologies benefit
the company or improve an existing business process and then integrates a system to realize
that benefit or improvement.

A CIO must be agile, responding quickly to trends, changes, and the needs of the
organization, its people, and those it serves.
CIOs must employ several hard and soft skills to excel at this job. CIOs need to know how to
run a business because the job requires a lot of knowledge about how a company works from
top to bottom.

IT Manager
IT manager holds a leadership role within an organization's information technology
department. They are responsible for overseeing and managing the organization's IT
operations, systems, and infrastructure. IT managers play a crucial role in aligning
technology strategies with the organization's goals, ensuring the efficient and secure
operation of IT resources, and supporting the overall objectives of the business.

The primary responsibilities of an IT manager include strategic planning, team leadership,

budgeting and resource management, project management, IT operations and support, and
security and risk management. They work closely with stakeholders across different
departments to understand their technology needs and develop solutions that meet those
requirements. They manage teams of IT professionals, coordinate projects, handle budgeting
and procurement, ensure the reliability and security of IT systems, and provide guidance and
support to maintain a robust technology infrastructure.

IT Security
(Common IT Security job titles: Cyber security Analyst, Information Security Analyst,
Information Security Engineer)
The IT Security Group is responsible for defining, communicating and enforcing technology-
related policies, standards and procedures. They are tasked with mitigating risk related to
internal and external data breaches and cyber attacks. IT Security teams also work to develop
security incident management plans and ensure that all technology-related projects meet
defined security requirements. Robust system and network security is especially vital in
industries such as banking, consumer finance and insurance, where large amounts of private
data (social security numbers, bank account information, etc.) reside in company systems.
Network Administration

7
(Common Network Administration job titles: Network Engineer, Network Administrator,
Systems Administrator)
The IT Network Administration Group manages the company's technology 'backbone' – its
data and networks. They plan, design, implement and maintain server configurations, routing
protocols, network configurations and storage environments to facilitate the needs of the
organization. They also configure server backups, monitor network use statistics and loads,
and implement contingency plans to minimize network and system downtime. The network
administration team also works closely with the IT Security Group to ensure that company
servers and networks meet or exceed established security requirements.

System Administrator
A system administrator is an essential IT professional who is responsible for providing a
reliable work environment for an organization—from server and network performance to
security and all other areas that keep an organization’s IT systems running smoothly. System
administrators must have an in-depth understanding of computer software, hardware, and
networks and are highly skilled, valuable members of an organization.
At a high level, system administrators are responsible for system performance, design, and
reliability and the security and optimization of computer systems. The breadth of these
responsibilities is dependent upon the size and scale of an organization’s IT-related
infrastructure.

1.6.7.2 Responsibilities of IT Department

Many companies, especially those on the path to digitalization, rely on the IT department for
everything related to the smooth operation of their computer network. The IT department has
three main areas of responsibility: managing the company's corporate systems, maintaining
the infrastructure, and the functionality of the systems as a whole. In addition, IT
professionals work with software and hardware in various areas that allow a business to
succeed.

Each IT person in the department plays an important role in the company. Some are
responsible for multiple areas, especially in smaller companies. In other cases, the company
may have only one IT specialist. Here are the main responsibilities of the IT department:

● Administration
● Technical support
● Communications
● Programming
● Company website
● Application Development

Whether the IT team consists of two people or 20, it seems that there is always an endless list
of tasks that need to be solved quickly. Many employees/ Organizations don't realize that the

8
IT team is responsible for much more than just fixing computer problems or helping log in
when an employee has forgotten their password.

Administration

IT administrators play an important role within the company and the IT department itself.
They are approached when someone needs help with a technical problem or has just joined
the company and needs help with new equipment. The duties of an administrator may overlap
with those of other team members from time to time. For example, the positions of the system
and network administrators may have a similar organization chart but a different focus. Some
general administrative duties at Sukari industries include:

✔ Support for the company's computer infrastructure.

✔ Help new users with computer and software problems.
✔ Facilitating biometric registration of a new employee.
✔ Performing software updates.
✔ Renewal of licenses and other legal documents.
✔ Tracking current contracts with suppliers.
✔ Tracking and updating employee`s information.
✔ Assessment of potential threats.
✔ Monitoring the functionality of devices in the network.
✔ Data storage control.

Support

When people need access to computer systems or help with troubleshooting, they are usually
referred to the technical support team. Technical support specialists are especially helpful in
solving hardware and software problems, although their role in the company does not end
there. The various duties of technical support team at Sukari industries include

⮚ Installing new software or hardware.

⮚ Selection and purchase of IT equipment and consumables.
⮚ Participation in asset management and IT inventory.
⮚ Assistance in backing up and restoring digital assets.
⮚ Troubleshooting network problems.
⮚ Creation of work logs.
⮚ Process documentation.
⮚ Setting up telephone lines.
⮚ Ensuring documented processes.

9
 ⮚ Installation of video and audio conferencing.
⮚ Installation and configuration of printing, copying, and other equipment.
⮚ Provision and installation of cloud applications/services.
⮚ Repair of equipment.

Communications

In Sukari Industries Limited, effective communication is pivotal for streamlined operations.

The Information Technology (IT) department plays a crucial role in facilitating the
transmission of data, utilizing both wireless and wired communication methods. Here are the
roles done by the IT team:
● Network Infrastructure Management: IT oversees the maintenance and optimization
of Sukari Industries' network infrastructure, ensuring seamless connectivity for data
transmission. Security Protocols: Implementing robust security measures, IT
safeguards transmitted data against unauthorized access, ensuring confidentiality and
integrity.
● Integration of Wireless Technologies: IT integrates cutting-edge wireless
technologies, enhancing flexibility and efficiency in transmitting data across various
departments.
● Reliability of Wired Communication: Ensuring the reliability of wired communication
channels, IT guarantees stable and high-speed data transmission critical for
operational processes.
● Real-time Monitoring and Troubleshooting: IT professionals actively monitor data
transmission systems, promptly identifying and addressing any issues to minimize
downtime and disruptions.
● Collaboration Tools Implementation: Facilitating effective communication among
teams, IT introduces collaborative tools that enable swift and secure sharing of
information.
● Data Transfer Optimization :Through continuous optimization, IT enhances data
transfer speeds and efficiency, contributing to the overall productivity of Sukari
Industries Limited.
● Adaptation to Technological Advancements: Remaining at the forefront of
technological developments, IT ensures that Sukari Industries leverages the latest
advancements for improved data transmission capabilities.

Programming

The company's programming department has employees with the skills of web developers,
programmers, and possibly other IT professionals involved in creating new programs. The
latter often work with software developers and engineers to turn their projects into workable
code. Here is a list of duties specific to this area:

10
 ✔ Development and improvement of business applications
✔ Create new databases with productivity software
✔ Convert printed and electronic documents to ASCII, HTML, PDF, and other formats
✔ Using graphic applications to edit, copy and save data
✔ Spreading knowledge about application development languages
✔ Programming in different languages such as Linux, Java, JavaScript, C++, Asp.net,
C#, SQL, HTML, and PHP

Company Website

In order to create a successful and user-friendly website, you need to follow many steps. The
IT team collaborates with different departments of the company to realize a shared vision of
how the website should look and function. Most often, the marketing team provides copy and
organizational design content for the site and then hands it over to the IT team for
development. IT professionals work to write the code, test the functionality of web pages, and
help resolve any user experience issues. Here is a list of duties that IT professionals perform
on a website:

● Website layout creation

● Writing and implementation of site code
● Website usability testing
● Support for the company's internal network (intranet)

Application Development

Members of the IT team work to create computer programs or applications that help the
business function better. Business applications are especially useful for content management,
employee communication, customer relationship management, and enterprise resource
planning. For instance sukari industries uses an agriculture management system to mange and
track its activities .Developers put applications through a series of tests that ultimately lead to
useful tools that employees and business owners can use. Here are some of the main
responsibilities related to application development:
✔ Turning a software concept into working code

✔ Meetings with clients to discuss new specifications and features of the program
✔ Creation of program code to perform tasks
✔ Writing documentation to help users work with new programs

11
 CHAPTER TWO
FIELD ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES
2.0 HARDWARE
Hardware repair and maintenance.

2.1 System unit.

I opened a systems unit/case and disassembled the different components found in it.
The different components that I identified were;
❖ Motherboard.

❖ Power supply unit.

❖ Cmos

❖ SATA cable.

12
❖ Fan.

❖ RAM Slot.

❖ RAM.

❖ Hard disk.

❖ CPU.

CMOS
RAM SLOT
BATTERRY
MOTHERBOARD
HARD DISK

13
 FAN

A CABLE

POWER
SUPPLY
UNIT

RAM

CPU
The central processing unit (also known as the microprocessor) is the brain of computer it is
where the processing of data takes place. It carries out the instructions of a computer program
by performing basic arithmetic, logical, control and I/O operations.
The CPU has four primary functions: fetch, decode, execute and writeback.

Fetch
The CPU gets the instruction that it needs to run in a program and each instruction in a
program is stored in a specific address.
The CPU has a program counter which keeps track of the CPU’s position in the program.

Decode
Here the compiler of a specific language breaks down the code in Assembly language that the
CPU understands. Then the Assembler translates assembling language into binary code.

Execute
Using the ALU the computer performs extremely complicated mathematical calculations.
Moves data from one location to another
Jumps to different locations based on decisions made by the CPU itself

Writeback
For every process the CPU produces some sort of output and it writes it into the computer
memory.
There are two types of processors and they include;
❖ Pinned processors

14
 ❖ Pin less processors
Pinned processors

RAM chip
It is best known as computer memory. It is referred to as ‘random access’ because you can
access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.
RAM has volatile memory which means the stored information on it is lost when there is no
power.
RAM is used by the CPU when a computer is running to store information that needs to be
used very quickly, but the information is not stored permanently.

CMOS battery
CMOS is a physical part on the motherboard. It is a memory chip that houses setting
configurations and is powered by an onboard battery. It is reset in case the battery runs out of
energy.
The CMOS battery power codes that runs before the operating system is loaded in a
computer.
The common tasks completed are; activating the keyboard, loading the system drives and
setting the system clock.

Hard Disk Drive

Its purpose is to store data or information permanently.

Fan
There are two fans in the systems unit, one on the power supply and other on-top of the CPU.
Help in cooling the computer especially the CPU.

IDE cables
The IDE cables connects CD drives and Hard drives to the motherboard. They transfer data
and commands between the devices but not power.

SATA cables
It is computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as
hard disk drives and optical drives.

Power Supply Unit

PSU converts main AC to low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the
computer.

IDE connectors
It helps connect IDE devices to the motherboard. And this is done by the help of the IDE
connectors.
A single IDE channel/connector can more two connected devices thus the two share the
channel that is to say a single request is processed at a time.

15
BIOS
BIOS works hand in hand with the CMOS and the bios help set up the computer and boot the
operating system.
BIOS has drivers which are low-level drivers that give the computer basic operational control
over your computer’s hardware.
There is a BIOS setup that help in configuration of hardware settings including system
settings like time, date and computer passwords.

Motherboard
It holds many crucial components of a computer together, including the CPU, RAM and
connectors for input and output devices.

2.2 Printers
I got the chance to fix printers that had several problems. Some of the problems were;
✔ Some were depleted cartridges,

✔ Some had fuser errors i.e. had torn sleeves, Other fuser unit errors were worn-out

✔ pressure roller.

✔ Paper Jam.

✔ Rattling gears.

For the depleted cartridges , the printer was easily fixed by just inserting a cartridge
Toner cartridge is a component of a laser printer. It contains toner powder, a fine dry mixture
of plastic particles, carbon and black or other coloring agents that make an actual image on
the paper. The toner is transferred to paper via an electrostatically charged drum unit, and
fused onto the paper by heated rollers during the printing process.

For the Fuser errors, I removed the fuser and disassembled it so that I could replace the
Sleeve and roller. It was an interesting thing because removing the sleeve needed a lot of skill
and finesse and most importantly something I noted that the work was greasy and the sleeve
shouldn’t have any grease on it.
Fuser Sleeve and Fuser Pressure Roller respectively

16
The paper jam one is a common error with most printers; this was solved by opening paper
tray and pulling out the stuck paper and wiping the paper picker roller with a soft clean cloth.

For the rattling gears , the gears are lubricated and the worn out gears are replaced with new

ones.

2.3 Automatic Voltage Regulator/UPS

The AVR maintains constant voltage and power line conditioning to the equipment load,
even when the input voltage, frequency or system load vary widely.
Uninterruptible power supply Unit (UPS) maintains online power even when power goes off.
This enables user to ensure his/her work is saved and no data lost in the event of power
fluctuations

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2.4 Installation of Windows
When installing an operating system you have to insert a storage device like a DVD or flash
that has been made bootable with windows version (7/8/10/11) professional stored on it.
Once it is inserted in the disk slot the PC must be booted or rebooted from it by pressing F12
to access the boot options for selecting the right bootable media.
 A black window will appear while the content on the DVD is read.

 Next a Starting Windows screen will appear

 Windows 7/8/11 boots directly into the graphical user interface mode.
After a few minutes the first prompt comes.

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● Next choose between the options of Installation or Recovery. Since we are installing
new window, select “Install now”

● Accept the license terms and click on “Next”.

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 ● Press the “Custom (Advanced)” installation type button.

This option allows you to do a clean install of Windows 7/8/10/11. This will erase all your
files on the installation drive.
If you do not want to erase all your files, select Upgrade instead. This option requires an
existing Windows installation. You can only upgrade from one Windows edition to another.

● The next phase is to pick the installation partition.

If you don't want to specify a specific partition to install Windows on, or create partitions on
your hard disk, click “Next” to begin the installation.
If you already have another existing partition with enough free space and want to install the
Windows 7 on that partition to create a multi-boot configuration, select the partition you want
to use, and then click Next to begin the installation.
If you want to create, extend, delete, or format a partition, click Drive options (advanced),
click the option you want, and then follow the instructions.

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NOTE: If the displayed disk partition doesn’t suit your like, you can delete & partition before
you proceed with installation. This is achieved by two commands buttons (Delete(removes
partition) and Format(erases partition))
Once partitions are set then remember to select the choice partition (First Primary) to install
OS.

● The setup process will now begin to copy files from the installation DVD media to the
hard disk.

● After all files are installed you will see a restart window noticing you the restart time.

● The computer will reboot, and the next thing you'll see is the prompt to set the user's
and computer's name. By default, the computer's name will be username-PC, where
username is the username you've entered. Click on “Next”.

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● Enter the user's password. Remember this password, as it will be the ONLY user on
the system, and unless you create an additional user or enable the built-in
administrator account. Click on “Next’.

● Type in the product key. If you do not have the product key at hand you can still click
"Next", and proceed with the installation. You will be asked to enter the product key
after Windows is installed.

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● Next Select the recommended settings

 Next step Set the time zone, date and time

 Lastly, you will get a prompt for network location choose type of connection

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2.5 System Administration
This is individual responsibility for maintaining a multi-user computer system, including a
local area network. This can also be defined as the field of work in which someone manages
one or more systems, like software, hardware, servers or workstations and its main goal is
ensuring that the systems are running effectively and efficiently.
All this must be done using an administrative account. Administrator account can do the
following that a mere user cannot do.

 Configure Network Internet Protocols.

 Configure Printers and Devices.
 Create User Accounts in PC and Server.
 Installation and un installation of software can only be done with administrative rights
that is to say it’s done by an administrators account.
 Login to network devices by Configuration of routers, Wi-Fi Routers, Switches, and
nano stations .
 Backup and recovery; admins can implement and manage backup strategies to
safeguard data and facilitate recovery in case of failures.

2.6 Networking Activities:

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I did Network Configuration below through admin account after OS installation.

2.6.1 Wired (Ethernet Connection)

For wired connection their must be an Ethernet Cable that is prepared before connection
using a connector and a crimping tool and a cable stripper.

With a cable stripper , stripe away a portion of the sheath, untangle and arrange the wires

stiffly in the correct order, fit them into the connector and use the crimping part of your tool
to squeeze the small pins onto the wires and secure the connector.

Crimping tool

Cable stripper

Both ends of the Ethernet cable follow a color coding that is as follows

Steps;

 Strip the cables back 1inch (25mm) from the end; using the
crimper.
 Untwist and straighten the wires inside of the cable.
 Arrange the wires in the correct order.

The order from left to right (568b cable end)

(T568B)

 Pin1; Orange stripe

 Pin 2; Orange solid

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  Pin 3; Green stripe
 Pin 4; Blue solid
 Pin 5; Blue stripe
 Pin 6; Green solid
 Pin 7; Brown stripe
 Pin 8; Brown solid

Then after crimping both ends of the patch cord , one end is connected to a switch or a router
and the other is connected to the computer.
Network configuration is the done by:
 On the control panel , navigate to Network and sharing center.
 Then click on change adapter settings.
 Identify the Ethernet adapter.
 Configure Ethernet adapter.
 Select internet protocol version.
 Obtain an IP automatically or use a designated IP same to the DNS
 Then test the network.

2.6.2 Wireless(wi-fi) connection

 For wireless connection click on the wi-fi icon on the task bar.
 Select the available wi-fi network and enter the password if it`s a secured network.
 Once connected ,windows may prompt you to set the network as private or public.

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2.7 CCTV Installation
SIL uses cctv to monitor security issues within the company and its IT`s mandate to install
the cameras. The cameras are connected to the Network Video Recorder that stores the
footages for a longer time.
Crimping of the CCTV Ethernet cable is done differently.
o White/blue and solid blue-For data transmission.
o White /orange and solid orange- For data transmission.
o White /green and green-left unused for data ,may also be used fo POE
o White /Brown and Brown-left unused for data and can be used for various purposes .
During crimping ,white-green and solid green and white orange and orange are
connected to the adapter for positive and negative respectively .The cctv is mounted in a
favourable angle then configuration is done.

2.7.1 CCTV Configuration

 IP configuration: assign a static IP address to the cctv camera or NVR. This
ensures a consistent address for easy access.
 Ensure the camera is connected to the Ethernet cable and the other end to a switch
or a router.
 Use Ping command [ping cctv ip address] and ensure the device
responds ,indicating a successful network.

2.8 Weigh bridge Calibration

Calibrating the weigh bridge is an activity that came in handy as weigh bridge
matters are IT`s Mandate at SIL.
During calibration ;
 The weigh bridge is set to its tare or zero
 Load testing is then done using standard weights whose weights can be
measured
 Calibration adjustment is made and the process is done until readings
align
 In case of problems ,tracing is done manually by opening the devices and
finding the problems

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28
 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 EXPERIENCE
3.1 DISCUSSING THE EXPERIENCES & CHALENGES

3.1.1 Lessons and experiences

 A lot of experience as far as the SIL work ethics and day to day activities were
concerned.
 First and foremost I learnt how to be punctual. SIL is a busy organization and work
had to be done as early as possible especially the service desk section. Arrival time
was 8am but the service desk operates upto 12 midnight.
 I learnt how to terminate cables which is one of the ICT fundamentals. It helped me
learn how to use certain tools like the crimping tool.
 In hardware repair and maintenance was able to learn how to troubleshoot a printer
that is to say find what problem it has. Fix fuser units, replace cartridges.
 I was able to learn how to install operating systems into one computer system.
 At the service desk was able to learn how to create for people accounts using the
active directory tool.
 I was able to install different software like anti-viruses e.g. Kaspersky, even Microsoft
Office.
 I was also able to learn how to work efficiently under minimal supervision since I
was deployed at different departments for support.
 Smartness and decency was emphasized at SIL where I easily maintained my
university’s decent dressing that gave me credit
 I gained experience in network configuration as I worked on switches, routers, and
assisted in configuring of computer networks
 Acquired the ability to work collaboratively as I collaborated effectively with
colleagues

3.1.2 Challenges and limitations

 SIL presented a lot to learn over a short period of time.

 Some users were impatient when some computers were being worked on.
 Financial constraint especially meals that were costly and were not provided by the
organization. This led to high daily expenses.
 Communicating with the Asians seemed to be a problem as it took some time to
process their way of speaking English.
 Acquiring equipments from the store followed a formulated process that took longer
before work.
 Security concerns made it impossible to learn about some areas like the server and so
on.
 Understanding company systems and familiarizing oneself with some company’s
system.
 Adapting to organizational processes .

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 4.0 CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1.1Summary
During my industrial attachment, I engaged in a spectrum of activities that contributed to the
extension of my academic knowledge into practical expertise. Some key activities include:
 Technical Problem-Solving: Actively participated in troubleshooting and resolving a
variety of technical issues, providing practical solutions to challenges encountered in
real-world IT environments.
 Cross-Team Collaboration: Collaborated with professionals from diverse departments,
fostering effective cross-team communication and gaining insights into the
interdisciplinary nature of IT projects.
 Legacy System Maintenance :Worked on maintaining and updating legacy systems,
gaining hands-on experience in dealing with existing codebases and understanding the
importance of documentation in such scenarios.
 Implementation of New Technologies :Contributed to the implementation of new
technologies within the organization, adapting to rapid technological changes and
staying informed about industry trends.
 Communication: Communicated effectively, enhancing my ability to communicate
complex technical concepts to end-users while addressing their concerns and ensuring
a smooth transition during system upgrades.
 Project Time Management: Developed proficiency in managing project timelines and
deadlines, ensuring that tasks were completed efficiently within specified timeframes.
 Strategic Thinking in IT Planning: Engaged in strategic IT planning discussions,
aligning technological initiatives with overarching business goals and gaining insights
into the strategic aspects of IT decision-

4.1.2 Conclusion
In conclusion, my industrial attachment served as a transformative period where theoretical
knowledge seamlessly merged with hands on experiences in the dynamic field of IT. Through
diverse activities such as technical problem-solving ,cross-team collaboration, and legacy
system maintenance I not only honed my practical skills but also gained insights into the
multifaceted challenges and opportunities within the IT landscape.

The exposure to user training and communication and strategic Thinking in IT planning
further broadened my understanding of the suitable balance required between technology and
organizational objectives.

This attachment has equipped me with technical proficiency and cultivated crucial soft
skills such as effective communication, time management and working collaboratively. As I
reflect on this experience, I am confident that the lessons learned and skills acquired will be
instrumental in shaping a successful career in the ever-evolving realm of Information

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Technology. I look forward to applying this rich blend of academic and practical knowledge
to future challenges and contributing meaningfully in the IT field.

4.1.3 Recommendation
I have had the privilege of gaining valuable insights into the company’s IT landscape.
Based on my observations and experiences during the attachment period, I would like to
propose the following recommendations to enhance effectiveness in the IT operations.
 Establish a knowledge repository: a centralized knowledge repository will enable
attachees to access relevant documentation, troubleshooting guides and best
practices.
 Regular feedback sessions: Implementing regular feedback sessions will aid in
identifying areas for improvement and acknowledging achievements .
 Structured learning paths: By outlining key areas of focus during different stages of
learning in the attachment period.
 Create a community: Having a community of attachés trained at the company will
give them a career opportunity after their education and this will help them achieve
their goals.

4.2 Strength
 Technical Aptitude: Proficiency in understanding and working with various IT
systems, applications and technologies.
 Problem-solving skills: Capable of analyzing and resolving technical issues
efficiently, contributing to a smooth IT environment.
 Adaptability: Quick to adapt to new environments, technologies , methodologies and
work.
 Effective Communication: Strong communication skills, enabling clear and concise
interaction with team members and end-users.
 Team collaboration: Ability to work collaboratively with team members and perform
a given task
 Readiness to learn: Willingness to learn quickly ,staying updated on industry trends
and best practices.
 Resourcefulness: SIL has installed in me ability to work and improvise with the
available resources and achieve the end-user’s needs.
 Attention to detail: I pay close attention to details, reducing the likelihood of errors.
 Security Awareness: Prioritizes and follows best practices to achieve security in IT,
and well updated to the steps of testing vulnerabilities and implementing security
measures.

4.3 Weaknesses
o Limited Exposure to specialized technologies: I may not be 100% proficient in IT as
there are trend that I am not updated about

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 GLOSSARY
Abbreviations and Acronyms

CMOS Complementary Metal-oxide Semi-

conductor
RAM Random Access Memory
CD Compact Disc
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
ROM Read Only Memory
HDD Hard Disk Drive
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
CPU Central Processing Unit
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
USB Universal Serial Bus
LAN Local Area Network
WAN Wide Area Network
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
IP Internet Protocol
IC Integrated Circuits
I Intel
MAC Media Access Control
DNS Domain Name System
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
POST Power On Self-Test
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers
EMI Electro-magnetic Interference
NIC Network Interface Card
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
VGA Video Graphics Adapter

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OS Operating System
DOS Disk Operating System
RJ Registered Jack
FAT File Allocation Table
NTFS New Technology File System
FTP Foiled Twisted Pair
STP Shielded Twisted Pair
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
MC Media Converter
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
I/O Input Output
BIOS Basic Input Output System
PSU Power Supply Unit
BSSA Business Support And System
Administration
DVI Digital Visual Interface
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
IBSS Independent Basic Service Set
BSS Basic Service Set
BSA Basic Service Area
ESA Extended Service Area
AP Access Point
SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
VPN Virtual Private Network
ACL Access Control Lists
ACE Access Control Entries

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