DON BOSCO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF VICTORIAS, INC.

VICMICO, Victorias City, 6119, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Senior High School Department | School Year 2023-2024

EARTH SCIENCE
LEARNING PLAN

VISION: Don Bosco Technical Institute of Victorias, Inc. envisions globally competitive Bosconians actively engaged in the society and the church always seeking
higher things. (Altiora Quaero, Col: 1)
MISSION: The Salesian Catholic School of Don Bosco Technical Institute of Victorias, Inc. commits to holistic and quality education in academic and technical fields
for the young and marginalized.

QUARTER Endterm
WEEK Week 1
NUMBER OF UNITS 4
GRADE 11
SUBJECT Earth Science
TOPIC/LESSON NAME Earth Processes – Exogenic Processes
CONTENT STANDARDS The learners demonstrate an understanding of the geologic processes that occur on the surface of the Earth such as weathering,
erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation (include the role of ocean basins in the formation of sedimentary rocks)
PERFORMANCE Make a simple map showing places where erosion and landslides may pose risks in the community
STANDARDS
LEARNING 1. Describe how rocks undergo weathering
COMPETENCIES/ 2. Explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere
OBJECTIVES 3. Explain how rocks and soil move downslope due to direct action of gravity
DBTI CORE VALUES Reason: Apply scientific principles to explain the physical processes shaping the Earth's surface.
Religion: Realize that the intricate balance of natural forces can be seen as a manifestation of divine order and the stewardship
responsibility emphasized in Catholic teachings towards the Earth.
Loving kindness: Inspire acts of compassion and caring towards those affected by these natural processes.
MATERIALS Samples of different types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic); images/videos of weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and
sedimentation processes; diagrams illustrating the role of ocean basins in sedimentary rock formation; whiteboard and markers;
printed handouts or digital devices for research
RESOURCES Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., & Tasa, D. (2017). Earth Science (14th ed.). Pearson.
Marshak, S. (2018). Earth: Portrait of a Planet (6th ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.

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 PROCEDURE
INTRODUCTION Begin by showing images or videos of natural landscapes showcasing weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation
processes. Ask students to observe and describe what they see happening in these images. Guide them to recognize patterns and
commonalities in these processes without explicitly naming them.
MOTIVATION Discuss how these geologic processes shape the Philippines’ natural landscape. Highlight specific examples such as the formation of
the Chocolate Hills through erosion, or the impact of mass wasting events like landslides and mudslides in mountainous regions.
Relate these processes to the students' daily lives and experiences, emphasizing the importance of understanding them for
environmental conservation and disaster preparedness.
INSTRUCTION LESSON 1: Weathering
DELIVERY Rocks undergo weathering through a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes that break them down into smaller
fragments or alter their chemical composition. These processes occur continuously over time and are influenced by various factors
such as climate, topography, and the types of rocks involved. Here's a breakdown of how rocks undergo weathering:
A. Physical Weathering: Also known as mechanical weathering, physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller
fragments without changing their chemical composition. This process is primarily driven by physical forces such as temperature
fluctuations, frost action, pressure from overlying rock layers, and the actions of organisms. Some common mechanisms of
physical weathering include:
1. Frost Wedging: Water seeps into cracks in rocks and freezes, expanding and exerting pressure on the surrounding rock,
eventually causing it to fragment.
2. Exfoliation: Rocks expand and contract in response to temperature changes, leading to the outer layers of rock peeling
away in thin sheets.
3. Abrasion: Rocks are worn down by the mechanical action of other rock fragments, sediment particles, or moving water,
wind, or ice.
B. Chemical Weathering: Chemical weathering involves the alteration of rock minerals through chemical reactions with water,
atmospheric gases, and other substances. Unlike physical weathering, chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock.
Some common processes of chemical weathering include:
1. Hydration: Minerals absorb water molecules, causing them to expand and weaken the structure of the rock.
2. Oxidation: Minerals react with oxygen in the air, leading to the formation of new compounds and the breakdown of the
original minerals.
3. Dissolution: Minerals dissolve in water, particularly in the presence of acidic solutions, resulting in the gradual breakdown
of the rock.
4. Hydrolysis: Minerals react with water to form new compounds, often resulting in the decomposition of silicate minerals into
clay minerals.

C. Biological Weathering: Biological weathering involves the influence of living organisms on the breakdown of rocks. Plant roots

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 can penetrate cracks in rocks, exerting pressure and causing them to fragment. Burrowing animals, such as rodents or insects,
can also contribute to the physical breakdown of rocks. Additionally, the secretion of organic acids by plant roots and
microorganisms can accelerate chemical weathering processes.
LESSON 2: Erosion
Once rocks undergo weathering and break down into smaller fragments or dissolve into sediment, the next step is erosion. Erosion is
the process by which weathered material is transported from one place to another by natural agents such as water, wind, ice, or
gravity.
1. Water Erosion: Water is one of the most significant agents of erosion on Earth's surface. Rainwater, flowing in rivers, streams,
and runoff, picks up loose sediment particles produced by weathering. As water flows downhill, it gains velocity and erosive power,
capable of transporting sediment of various sizes. In rivers and streams, sediment is carried in suspension (suspended load),
rolled along the riverbed (bedload), or dissolved in the water (dissolved load). During times of high flow or flooding, rivers may
deposit sediment along their banks or in floodplains, forming alluvial deposits.
2. Wind Erosion: Wind erosion occurs in arid and semi-arid regions where sparse vegetation and dry conditions facilitate the
movement of sediment. Wind picks up loose particles, such as sand and dust, and carries them over long distances. The force of
the wind can cause abrasion, wearing down rocks and landforms over time. Sediment transported by wind can be deposited when
wind speed decreases or when obstacles like vegetation or changes in terrain slow the airflow. Deposits formed by wind erosion
include sand dunes and loess deposits.
3. Glacial Erosion: Glaciers are massive bodies of ice that slowly flow over land, eroding the landscape as they move. Glacial
erosion occurs through a combination of plucking and abrasion. Plucking involves the freezing of water in cracks of rocks, which
are then ripped from the bedrock as the glacier advances. Abrasion occurs when rocks and debris embedded in the base of the
glacier scrape against the underlying bedrock, carving out valleys, fjords, and other landforms. As glaciers melt, they deposit the
sediment they've eroded, forming moraines, eskers, and outwash plains.
4. Gravity Erosion: Gravity plays a significant role in erosion, particularly in steep landscapes. Mass wasting, or the movement of
rock and soil downslope under the force of gravity, occurs when the strength of the material is overcome by gravity's pull. Types of
mass wasting include landslides, rockslides, mudflows, and slumps. Gravity transports weathered material downhill, often
depositing it at the base of slopes or in valleys.

Once eroded material reaches a point where the transporting agent loses energy (such as a decrease in water velocity or wind speed),
it is deposited. Deposition occurs when sediment settles out of the transporting medium and accumulates in new locations. Sediment
may be deposited in layers, forming sedimentary rocks over time. Depositional landforms include deltas, alluvial fans, sandbars, and
floodplains.
LESSON 3: Mass Wasting
Rocks and soil move downslope due to the direct action of gravity through a process known as mass wasting or mass movement.
Mass wasting refers to the movement of rock, soil, and debris downhill under the influence of gravity. This movement occurs when

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 the force of gravity acting on a slope overcomes the internal strength and cohesion of the material, causing it to move downslope.
A. Types of Mass Wasting
1. Landslides: Landslides involve the rapid movement of a mass of rock, soil, or debris down a slope. They can be triggered
by factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, or human activities like construction or deforestation.
Landslides can occur as slides, flows, or falls, depending on the characteristics of the material and the slope.
2. Rockfalls: Rockfalls occur when individual rock fragments or blocks detach from a steep rock face and fall freely through
the air before landing downslope. Factors such as weathering, freeze-thaw cycles, or seismic activity can weaken the rock
and cause it to become detached and fall.
3. Slumps: Slumps involve the movement of a cohesive mass of soil and rock along a curved slip surface. Slumps typically
occur in areas with clay-rich soils or weak rock layers. The material moves as a single unit, rotating along the slip surface,
resulting in a distinctive curved shape.
4. Creep: Creep is a slow, continuous movement of soil and rock downslope. It is typically imperceptible over short time
scales but can cause significant deformation of the landscape over long periods. Creep is driven by the expansion and
contraction of soil particles due to changes in temperature and the force of gravity pulling downslope.
B. Factors Influencing Mass Wasting
1. Slope Gradient: Steeper slopes are more susceptible to mass wasting because the force of gravity acting on the material
is greater. Gentle slopes are less prone to mass wasting because the gravitational force is weaker.
2. Material Characteristics: The type, size, and cohesion of the material play a significant role in determining its
susceptibility to mass wasting. Loose, unconsolidated materials like sand and gravel are more prone to movement than
cohesive materials like clay or bedrock.
3. Vegetation: The presence or absence of vegetation can influence mass wasting. Roots help stabilize soil and rock,
reducing the likelihood of movement. However, removal of vegetation through deforestation or construction can increase
the risk of mass wasting.
4. Water Content: Water acts as a lubricant, reducing the friction between particles and making the material more susceptible
to movement. Heavy rainfall or saturation of the ground can increase the likelihood of mass wasting.
C. Effects of Mass Wasting
 Mass wasting can result in property damage, loss of life, and disruption of transportation and infrastructure.
 It can alter landscapes, creating new landforms such as scarps, terraces, and talus slopes.
 Mass wasting processes contribute to the shaping of valleys, cliffs, and coastal features over geological time scales.

PRACTICE ACTIVITY 1: Situational Analysis – Exogenic Processes

 Divide students into small groups and provide them with scenarios depicting different geologic processes occurring in various

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 environments (e.g., coastal erosion, landslides in mountainous areas, sedimentation in river deltas).
 Ask each group to identify the specific process at work, describe its causes and effects, and propose preventive measures or
solutions.
 Encourage students to discuss and collaborate within their groups to deepen their understanding and problem-solving skills.
ENRICHMENT / ACTIVITY 2: Exogenic Mitigation
RESEARCH Assign students a research project to investigate real-life examples of geologic processes occurring in the Philippines or other relevant
INTEGRATION regions. They can explore case studies of notable events such as volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, or river sedimentation affecting local
communities. Encourage them to analyze the geological factors contributing to these events and propose strategies for mitigation and
adaptation.
EVALUATION / SHORT QUIZ No. 1: Exogenic Processes
ASSIGNMENT Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following processes involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments without changing their chemical
composition?
a. Weathering
b. Erosion
c. Mass wasting
d. Sedimentation
2. How are the products of weathering transported from one place to another?
a. By wind and water
b. By earthquakes
c. By volcanic eruptions
d. By tectonic plate movement
3. What causes rocks and soil to move downslope?
a. Gravity
b. Wind
c. Rainfall
d. Human activity
4. In which geological feature do sedimentary rocks often form?
a. Ocean basins
b. Mountain ranges
c. Volcanic craters
d. Glacial valleys
5. Which of the following is an example of mass wasting?

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 a. Landslide
b. River erosion
c. Glacier movement
d. Coral reef formation

PREPARED BY: NOTED AND CHECKED BY: APPROVED BY:

MR. LORD WILLIAM B. PACURIB MRS. MA. REGINA B. ESLEVA FR. ALLEN GEORGE J. ELEVADO, SDB
Subject Teacher Science Coordinator School Principal
Senior High School Assistant Principal Basic Education Department

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