morphology study of forms and

feature of plant organs

Like root heat stem flower
fruit Seed ETC

I shoot
system
Above flower
ground
Ehoot leaf
Bud
Stem
below 1 Root main
stem
ground Root 2 root

Root
Elongation of Radicle
3 the geotropic the Hydrotropic
ve phototropic
Node internode bud leaf absent
chlorophyll at
TYPES

Tap Root Adventious root Fibroussoot

arise
Elongate from Root from
Radicle any plant part
Part of seed Except radicle
ex Dicot ex Hanging not
Of Banyan tree
 1 Root short
Lived Fibrous
root arise from
a
monocot
wheat Rice

Region of Root maturation zone

3 Root Hairs t
unicell
ZONE surface Area

Elongation
iiii
zone

41T.EE
ii

Root length
Elongate
Root cap region
Small thin wall
Protect Root APEX Repeated cell division
secrete mucilage proximal to Root
Help in penetrating cap
of soil
Single Root Cap

Root modification

for food storage

Turnip modification of tap
carrot
Raddish 7s 2007 for food store
 E.g if
cant Raddish
Napito Conical fusiform
Root Root

IpomeaFood
batata sweet potato
stored in Adventious not

Asparagus fibrous root store

Food

Sweet potato Root origin

potato stemmodification
Analogous
origin Differ function same organ
food storage

Respiratory roots found in

mangrove plants

1 A Pheumatphore
l l l e P
Eation

modification of Addventions soot

for support il prop soots arise
 from upper node of tree
banyan
Help to provide susport E Bartan
tree
a

Stilt roots Eugenkane maize

Adventious not develop into
siltNots

ariseform Lower Node of stem

Hyroscopic Root plant which
grow on other plants
Like Vanda such plants called
hygroscopic Ex orchid Root
Hygroscopic means moisture
Absorbing
orchid vanda with
plant grow mango
Epiphyte

Stem ascending part of

plant
stem
bearing branches leaf
flower fruits
 Stem contain mode internode
main function
branches bear Leaves flower
fruit
Conduction of water mineral
take place
chlorophyllso found
stem
in stem
can
perform photosynthesis

modification stem

underground Rhizome Bulb

stem tuber Corm

2 subaerial Runner sucker

stubin offset

Aerial Phyllocade cladode

one
infernod
Elongtatior short internode
 v r
v EYES of
Potato potato
modified
stem Axillary Bud
vegetative
propagation

underground stem
Rhizome
ginger
underground perennial
plants
generally fleshy
stem branched or unbranched

2 tuber potato
Horizontal grow
i
EYES of pot ato
equal to bud
Axillary

3 Bulb Reduced modified stem

fleshy 08cg Er of
leafedible
4 Corm Colocasia
elongate grow
Subaerial stem modification
EE
EFFEEEEE
Ex strawberry
grass oxalis

a sucker

Banana pinea anthanum

Neff
3 Stolon
grows aerially
for sometime
and downward to touch the ground
Ee Jasmine mint Nerium

4 offset Aquatic Runner

pistia
Eichornia
cwaterhyqcin.nl ffIwatee
 Aerial stem modification
phylloclade stem Fiat
opuntia
cylindrical Euphorbia
stem rally out photosynthesis
greenLeave modified into spine

2 Cladode one internode Elongation

Ex
Asparagus
done
ÉÉ

131 Stem thorn bud modified in thorn

protection Against
animals
grazing
terminal bud

f 0 go Axil
4 tendril spirally coiled structure
Help in climbing
Axillary bud modified
cucumber pumpkin
ete
watermelon

Terminal bud modified into tendril

in grapevine
5 Bulbil modified vegetative or
flora bud
Help in vegetative repro
Ex
Agave floral bud
modifier

Leaf
main photosynthetic organ
broad green flat chlorophyllous
vein
petiole
ieaf lamina Blade
midrib
LEAF b
 14

1 Leaf Lamina Epipodium

greenand expanded veins
midrib tht
Vein veinlet main vein midrib
Hare xylem phloem
Stipules out growt from leaf base
protect Axillary bud
small leaf Like

2 Petiole Mesopodium
flexible in nature
HELP to exposed leaf
toward's Light
leaf can take fresh Air
cool the leaf surface
winged petiole Lemon
r

3 leaf Base Hypopodium

connect leaf to stem

some time leaf base swollen
Due to storage of food called pulvinus
Ex
Legume Plant
in some plants leaf base Expand
into sheath sheathing leaf
Base Grass Banana mono lot
 YPES

imple leaf compound leaf

incision Nt
leaf lamina Entire touch the midrib
if incision tht then
do not touch
midrib
pinnate palmate
Compound compound
leaflet
Ff
attached
at a

4819 all
found on
leaflet
a
common
poin tip
of petiole
common mid
rib called
Rachis
Ex NEEM
fsilk COTTON

Venation
arrangement of vein or veinlet in
leaf lamina
WO TYPES

Feticulate Parallel
 Vein RUNParallel
MONOCOT
Ed
phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaf over mode of
stem called phyllotaxy
3 types

d
of Alternate phyllotaxy
Ex Mustard
X sunflower
Chinarose

single leaf
each
arise at
Node leaf
allanged Alternate
21 opposite
II pair of leaf arise from
Each Node
leaf allanged opposite to
Each other

F
Ex
guava callotropis
3 whorled phyllotaxy
more than 2 leaf
from a node
Ex Nerium
Alstonia Devil

Modification of leaf
a leaf tendril Ex pea plant
leaflet converted into
tendril for climbing

2 Spine Leaves modified into spine

ex cactus

3
Storage leaves fleshy
onion
leaves of
store food
garlic
441 insectivorous plant Nepenthes
Venus fly trap
leaf lamina modified into pitcher
If t
fi leaf lamina
pitcher
4 Reproductive leaf leaf modified
to Help in vegetative reproduction
Ex Bryophyllum
Adventious
bud

adventious not

The inflorescence
of flower over
arrangement
pedmele called inflorescence
00
allangement of flower over
Floral Axis

8 flower
Peduncle

Pedicel pedicellate
flower
 Sessile Flower flower without
pedicel
sessile flower

I types
cannot
Racemose captionge
growing point
yes g _Basipetal
manner
NPetd
y jf.gs main axis
terminate into
flower
1 oldest old
off 38 old
main Axis continue to grow
flower Arranged in
Acropetal manner Young

Fower Flower is a modified Shoot

Shoot Apical Floral Floral Flower
meristem meristem bud
 SEK 009am
female pep e see organ
m
2 Corolla

6 91
4 calyx

Thallamus

Flower

Ackessory Helper essential

to III whorl II
Ist whorl Ind whorl malese
female
calyx corolla
organ SEK
Anarteceium organ
unit stamen

gyono eium
β carpet pist
m

1 Complete Flower All who at

2 incomplete flower whorl
any 1
Calyx outermost part whorl of flower
unit sepal
i colour
generally green in
protect the flower in
3yd stage
gamosepalous sepals United
polysepalous Sepals FREE

Corolla second whorl of flower

3 Unit petal
bright coloured to attract insert
gamopetalous Petals United
polypetalous free

perianth calyx and corolla are

not distinct
Uni
it c family

estivation Arrangment of sepal

or petal
TYPES
117 Valvate T Calotropis
 Ladyfinger
2 Twisted China rose
cotton

w
131 Imbricate
A Cassia
guimonar

141 Vexillary or papilionaceous

standard
largest posterior
wings ex pea bean

KEEL

Ndroeccium male organ

sex
unit Stamen
Anther bilobed tetrasporangiate
fifnament monothecous Cotton Chinarose
bithecous pea
Stamen sterile Staminode flower
 polyandrous stamen remain
free from each other
Ex mustard Jaddish

Cohesion of stamen
Monoadelphous Mono single
Bundle
Adelphous
Fillaments Joint to form one
bundle called monoadelphous
Ex China rose

2 Diadelphous Afp Ee pea

3 polyadelphous more than two bundle

ex Citrus

Adhesion of stamen
A
Stamen attach with petal C A
called Epipetalous EC Brinjal

Stamen attach with Tepal M

called Epitepalous of P A
Epiphyllous Eg Lilly

Note Salvia mustard Has variation

in length of filament
Gynoecium female reproductive part
unit carpel or pistil
mn stigma serve as a
landing platform
for pollen Grain
STYLE

mature
ovary ovule into fruits
many Watermelon
I ovule single mango

Monocarpellary pea
Polycarp elary citrus
free Apocarpous s
zapel
carpet united_Syncarpous Tomato
mustard

Placentation