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Full download PET-CT in Cancer An Interdisciplinary Approach to Individualized Imaging Mohsen Beheshti file pdf all chapter on 2024
Full download PET-CT in Cancer An Interdisciplinary Approach to Individualized Imaging Mohsen Beheshti file pdf all chapter on 2024
Full download PET-CT in Cancer An Interdisciplinary Approach to Individualized Imaging Mohsen Beheshti file pdf all chapter on 2024
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PET/CT in
Cancer
An Interdisciplinary Approach
to Individualized Imaging
2
Alireza Rezaee, MD, ABNM
Consultant, Nuclear Medicine, Scientific Collaborator, Department of
Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, Ordensklinikum, St. Vincent’s
Hospital, Linz, Austria
Associate Editors
Markus Raderer, MD
Professor of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I,
Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Niklaus Schaeffer, MD
Professor of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Oncology, Department of
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Lausanne,
Lausanne, Switzerland
3
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Abbreviations
TNM Classification
Evidence-based Viewpoints
Cost-effectiveness
4
Pitfalls
Discussion
Teaching Cases
TNM Classification
Guidelines
Evidence-based Viewpoints
Cost-effectiveness
Pitfalls
Discussion
Conclusion
Teaching Cases
TNM Classification
Evidence-Based Viewpoints
Cost-Effectiveness
Pitfalls
5
Discussion
Conclusion
Teaching Cases
Esophageal Cancer
Guidelines
Evidence-Based Viewpoints
Cost-Effectiveness
Pitfalls
Discussion
Teaching Cases
6
TNM Classification
Clinical Guidelines
Evidence-Based Viewpoints
Cost-Effectiveness
Pitfalls
Discussion
Conclusion
Teaching Cases
Cholangiocarcinoma
Gallbladder Cancer
Chapter 8. Lymphoma
Background
Guidelines
Pitfalls
Discussion
Teaching Cases
7
Cervical Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Teaching Cases
Evidence-Based Viewpoints
Pitfalls
Discussion
Teaching Cases
TNM Classification
Guidelines
Evidence-Based Viewpoints
Pitfalls
8
Discussion
Teaching Cases
Discussion
Teaching Cases
Conclusion
Index
9
Copyright
Notices
10
As new research and experience broaden our understanding,
changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical
treatment may become necessary.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the
authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any
injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of
products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
11
12
Contributors
Norbert Avril, MD, Professor and Research Scholar, Department
of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, University
Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Norbert Galldiks, MD
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne,
Germany
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich,
Jülich, Germany
Center of Integrated Oncology, Universities of Cologne and Bonn,
Cologne, Germany
13
Lukas Hefler, MD
Gynecologic Cancer Center, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz, Austria
Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
14
Rathan M. Subramaniam, MD, PhD, MClinEd, MPH, FRANZCR,
FACNM, Robert W. Parkey MD Distinguished Professor in
Radiology, Professor and Chief, Division of Nuclear Medicine,
Medical Director, Cyclotron and Molecular Imaging Program,
Program Director, Nuclear Medicine Residency, Department of
Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
15
Preface
Molecular imaging with PET/CT has grown exponentially in the
past decade with technical developments and the introduction of
many promising and specific radiotracers. PET/CT has also become
more widely available in medical centers and plays an increasingly
important role in many health systems, particularly in the field of
cancer diagnosis. In reality, a team of different clinical and imaging
specialists, such as oncologists, radiation oncologists, oncologic
surgeons, nuclear physicians, radiologists, and pathologists, is
needed to prepare a road map for the best and most efficient
management of a patient’s cancer.
We have tried to present the appropriate indication for PET/CT
imaging in different cancers, using multidisciplinary scientific data
from clinical, imaging, and procedural guidelines, as well as the
evidence-based literature for individualized imaging. To enable
readers to quickly access pertinent information, we have organized
all the chapters in the same format. The chapters are framed around
important clinical information about the cancer, staging
classifications, indication for PET/CT according to major clinical
guidelines, evidence-based recommendations on each topic, clinical
point of view from an oncologist or oncologic surgeon, PET/CT
pitfalls for that malignancy, and an overview or discussion of the
roles for PET/CT in staging, restaging, and evaluating the response
to antineoplastic treatment, as well as its prognostic value. If
indicated, the application of radiotracers beyond 18F-
fludeoxyglucose is discussed in some chapters. At the end of each
chapter, the teaching cases section highlights the strengths and
limitations of PET/CT imaging and provides clinical data, together
16
with benign findings and pitfalls for each individual radiotracer
and key points for an accurate interpretation.
In preparing this book we have had the privilege of collaborating
with outstanding contributors from leading comprehensive cancer
centers in Europe and North America. We believe that the authors’
expertise, distinguished knowledge, and thoroughness in detailing
individualized multidisciplinary approaches provide a valuable
source of information and can guide decision making for
physicians.
All physicians active in the field of cancer diagnosis and
treatment (oncologists, oncologic surgeons, radiation oncologists,
nuclear medicine physicians, and radiologists) are the target
audience for this text. The book can also be used to train young
specialists who are preparing for various tumor board
examinations.
We dedicate this book to those who treat people with dignity and
respect and to organizations and individuals committed to building
a peaceful world.
Mohsen Beheshti, MD, FASNC, FEBNM, Professor of Nuclear
Medicine, Head, PET-CT Center Linz, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology,
Ordensklinikum, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Linz, Austria
17
Abbreviations
Acetyl-CoA Acetyl coenzyme A
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ALK Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology
ATLL Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
ATSM Diacetyl-bis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone)
BBB Blood–brain barrier
BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
BCS Breast conservation surgery
BL Burkitt lymphoma
BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia
BSO Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
BTV Biologic tumor volume
CA Cancer antigen
CBD Common bile duct
CCRT Chemoradiation therapy
CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
CE-CT Contrast-enhanced computed tomography
CIM Conventional imaging modalities
CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CNS Central nervous system
CRC Colorectal cancer
18
CRF Corticotropin-releasing factor
CT Computed tomography
CUP Cancers of unknown primary
DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DOTA 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
DOTA-NOC DOTA-NaI3-Octreotide
DOTA-TATE DOTA-Tyr3-Octreotate
DOTA-TOC DOTA-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide
DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging
EAU European Association of Urology
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
ER Estrogen receptors
ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ESMO European Society for Medical Oncology
EUS Endoscopic ultrasound
FACBC Anti1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid
FAMT 18F-3-fluoro-alpha-methyl tyrosine
FCH 18F-fluoromethylcholine
FDG 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose
FDOPA 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine
FES 18F-fluoroestradiol
FET O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine
FIGO Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d’Obstétrique
(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)
FL Follicular lymphoma
FLC Fibrolamellar carcinoma
FLIPI Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index
FLT 18F-fluorothymidine
FMISO 18F-fluoromisonidazole
19
18
FPN F-5-fluoropicolinamide
G-CSF Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
GEP Gastroenteropancreatic
GGH Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase
GHRH Growth hormone releasing hormone
GI Gastrointestinal
GIST Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
GLUT-1 Glucose transporter 1
GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GS Gleason score
HBV Hepatitis B virus
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCL Hairy cell leukemia
HCV Hepatitis C virus
HER 2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HGG High-grade gliomas
HGPIN High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HL Hodgkin lymphoma
HNSCC Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
HPV Human papillomavirus
HTLV Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses
5-HTP Hydroxytryptophan
IDH Isocitrate dehydrogenase
K-ras Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
LAT Large neutral amino acid transporter
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
LGG Low-grade gliomas
LL Lymphocytic lymphoma
20
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Zebel, il est temps que je doie
Faire m’offrande, ce m’est vis.
Bailliez ça ces oisellez vis
Et ce cierge aussi alumé,
Ainsi qu’il est acoustumé:
Pour mon enfant ravoir, au prestre
Voulray tout donner, et pour estre
Purifiée
ZEBEL.
NOSTRE DAME.
SIMEON.
Dame, je tien que nul mestier
De purefiement n’avez:
Car ce filz qui de vous est nez
N’est pas venuz par euvre d’omme;
Ainsi est filz de Dieu, c’est la somme,
Qui pris a corps et nouvelle ame;
Et pour ce je vous di bien, dame,
Qu’à l’eure de sa passion,
Pour la grant tribulacion,
Dame, qu’endurer li verrez,
Si tourmentée en cuer serez
Que la douleur qu’il souffrera
Parmi vostre ame passera,
Et sa mort vous sera à mort.
Li cuer si me dit et remort
Qu’ainsi doit avenir sanz faille.
Tenez, dame, je le vous baille.
Alez vous ent.
NOSTRE DAME.
ZABEL.
GABRIEL.
Or fault que nostre voiz s’appere
En chantant, Michiel, doulx amis,
Tant que nostre rondel pardis
Sera du tout.
MICHIEL.
Rondel.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
Joseph, sire, il me membre bien
Qu’en fait hui feste, en remembrance
De ce que Dieux à delivrance
Mist tout son peuple hors d’Egipte,
Et que la mer où nulz n’abite
Passèrent sanz estre moillez,
Et l’ost d’Egipte y fut noiez
Et tout perdu.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
JOSEPH.
JHESUS.
NOSTRE DAME.
JHESUS.
JOSEPH.
Marie dame, or m’escoutez.
Ceens ara ja si grant presce,
Que maint y seront à destresce:
Car gens venront de toutes pars.
Ne soions pas d’offrir eschars,
Mais dessus cest autel mettons
Nostre offrande, et nous en alons
Ysnellement.
NOSTRE DAME.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
Je ne me vueil ci plus tenir.
Venez vous en, biau filz Jhesus.
E! lasse! qu’est il devenuz?
Pas ne le voy?
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
Pour Dieu, Joseph, alons bonne erre;
Sa perte moult me desconforte.
Lasse! je sui honnie et morte,
S’il n’est trouvez.
JOSEPH.
JHESUS.
LE LIBRAIRE.
JHESUS.
De par Dieu, en aussi bon point
Que le bailliez, le vous rendray:
Car de ci ne me mouveray
Tant que le vous aie rendu:
N’en aiez ja cuer esperdu.
PREMIER MAISTRE.
DEUXIESME MAISTRE.
Hé! c’est parole d’enfançon;
On la doit mettre en nonchaloir:
Il lui semble bien qu’il dit voir;
Laissons ester.
TROISIESME MAISTRE.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
PREMIER MAISTRE.
PREMIER MAISTRE.
JHESUS.
PREMIER MAISTRE.
DEUXIESME MAISTRE.
Je vous diray que j’en devis.
Se nous disons que du ciel est,
Il est de respondre tout prest:
Pourquoy donques ne le creons?
Se des hommes est li disons,
En verité il semblera,
Et respondre aussi le pourra,
Que nous cremons le peuple plus
Que Dieu: ainsi sommes confus.
Qu’en dites-vous?
TROISIESME MAISTRE.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
DEUXIESME MAISTRE.
JHESUS.
Ne je ne vous feray respons
Nul aussi, en quelle science
J’ay ci dit, en vostre audience,
Ce que j’ay dit à touz ensemble.
Mais dites moi voir que vous semble.
D’un homme qui deux filz avoit:
A l’un dit: va t’en bon exploit,
Filz, en ma vigne labourer;
Et cil li sçot bien refuser
Et de son pere se parti;
Mais assez tost se repenti
Et en la vigne ouvrer ala.
Le pere à l’autre filz dit a
Aussi qu’au premier avait fait:
Le filz respondit tout à fait
Que son conmandement feroit
Et qu’en sa vigne ouvrer yroit:
Toutes voies point n’y ala.
Dites moy liquelx des deux a
Mieux fait le voloir de son pere:
C’est ci une chose legière
Pour y respondre.
DEUXIESME MAISTRE.
JHESUS.
Aussi sachiez qu’il avenra
Pour voir, ains le derrenier jour,
Que li publique pecheour
Ou regne Dieu seront avant
Mis que vous, je le vous creant,
Aussi seront les foles fames;
Pour ce vous sera grant diffames,
Pour ce qu’il ont creu Jehan
Entre elles et li publiquan,
Et vous ne l’avez pas creu,
Ne n’avez repentance eu
De vos durtez, c’est chose voire,
Quant à lui veez telz gens croire
Et vous n’i eustes creance;
Pour ce vous sera à grevance;
A honte et à confusion
A la grant resurreccion
De toutes gens.
TROISIESME MAISTRE.
Il pert bien conme es negligens
Et fol, quant nous fais mencion
Qu’il soit ja resurreccion
N’autre siècle qu’il a icy.
Or me respons donc a cecy:
Conment ce que diz avenra?
Moises dist et conmanda
En la loy que s’ome moroit
Sanz lignie, se femme avoit,
Que son frere si l’espousast,
A la fin que il recouvrast
En lieu de son frere lignie.
Or avons veu qu’il n’a mie
Granment, qu’il estoient set frere,
Dont li aisné, c’est chose clere,
Qui femme avoit, morut sanz hoir.
Avint que li secons avoir
Convint la dame et l’espousa,
Mais sanz lignie trespassa:
Ainsi du tiers, du quart, du quint,
Du sixiesme et setiesme advint.
Touz set celle dame espouserent,
Et sanz avoir hoirs trespasserent.
La dame après est trespassée.
Quant venra à celle journée,
Que tu diz que tout ressourdront,
A qui sera-el femme adonc?
Tuit l’ont eue.
JHESUS.
Que vous estes gent malostrue
Et plains d’erreur, quant à ce point
L’Escripture ne savez point,
Non faites vous la Dieu vertu!
Savoir devez, fol malostru,
Qu’à celle resurreccion
On n’y espousera pas, non,
Ne ne sera l’en espousé;
Mais tuit li bon resuscité
Seront comme ange en la Dieu gloire.
Ne lisez vous, c’est chose voire,
Du resuscitement des mors,
Que Dieu qui est misericors
Si vous a escript à vos yex?
«Je suis d’Abraham, dit il, Diex,
Dieu d’Isaac et de Jacob.»
Estes vous soluz a ce cop?
Or aiez en vous ce remors,
Qu’il ne se dit pas Dieu des mors,
Mais des vivans.
NOSTRE DAME.
E! Diex, or est li mien dueilz granz,
Et ce n’est mie sanz raison.
Hé! biau filz, par quelle achoison
De moy t’es ainsi departiz?
Mon cuer à grant doleur partiz,
Et me fais plaine de destresce.
Lasse! lasse! filz, coment est ce
Que de moy es si esloingniez?
E! lasse! et que le m’enseigniez,
Bonne gent, se le savez point.
Il m’est avis que l’en me point
Et fiert d’un glaive en chascun membre
Quant de mon enfant me remembre,
Que ne truis mie.
JOSEPH.
NOSTRE DAME.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
Biau maistre, encore te demans
Qui est selon ton escient
Tout le plus grant conmandement
De nostre loy.
JHESUS.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
JHESUS.
Et pour tout certain je te dy:
Qui ne renaist nouvellement
Le royaume Dieu nullement
Ne peut veoir.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
JHESUS.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
QUATRIESME MAISTRE.
JHESUS.