PMS PHILOSOPHY

PAPER 1
SUBJECTIVE

1. How does Plato's Theory of Forms address the problem of universals, and what implications
does this theory have for his metaphysical view of reality?

2. What is the criterion of verifiability in logical positivism, and how does it lead to the refutation of
metaphysical statements?

3. Describe Kant's concept of transcendental idealism and how it attempts to resolve the conflict
between rationalism and empiricism.

4. How does Hume's skepticism about causality undermine traditional notions of scientific
knowledge, and what alternative explanation does he offer for our belief in causation?

5. How does Berkeley's subjective idealism challenge the concept of material substance, and what
role does God play in his philosophy?

6. Discuss Spinoza's doctrine of substance and its ethical implications.

7. Explain Descartes' method of doubt and how it leads to his conclusion of "Cogito, ergo sum" (I
think, therefore I am).

8. Compare and contrast Aristotle's concept of substance with Plato's Theory of Forms, particularly
focusing on Aristotle's criticism of Plato.
 PMS PHILOSOPHY PAPER 1
OBJECTIVE

1. Philosophy is best described as:

o A) A natural science

o B) The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics

o C) A religious doctrine

o D) An art form

2. Plato's metaphysics primarily revolves around:

o A) Empiricism

o B) Materialism

o C) Theory of Forms

o D) Pragmatism

3. Plato's theory of knowledge is also known as:

o A) Empiricism

o B) Rationalism

o C) Theory of Recollection

o D) Phenomenology

4. Plato's ideal state is ruled by:

o A) Wealthy elites

o B) Philosopher-kings

o C) Military leaders

o D) Merchants

5. Aristotle's metaphysics focuses on:

o A) Substance and essence

o B) Forms and shadows

o C) Idealism

o D) Dualism
6. Aristotle is known for his work in logic, particularly:

o A) Propositional logic

o B) Syllogistic logic

o C) Fuzzy logic

o D) Modal logic

7. Aristotle's theory of knowledge is based on:

o A) Innate ideas

o B) Empirical observation

o C) Divine revelation

o D) Rational intuition

8. Descartes' famous statement that encapsulates his doubt as a key to certainty is:

o A) "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am)

o B) "Esse est percipi" (To be is to be perceived)

o C) "The unexamined life is not worth living"

o D) "Knowledge is power"

9. Descartes is known for his dualism, which posits the existence of:

o A) Two gods

o B) Mind and body

o C) Matter and energy

o D) Good and evil

10. Spinoza's doctrine of substance asserts that:

o A) There are multiple substances

o B) There is only one substance, which is God or Nature

o C) Substances are created by humans

o D) Substances are illusions

11. In Spinoza's ethics, the highest good is:

o A) Intellectual love of God

o B) Wealth
 o C) Physical pleasure

o D) Political power

12. Locke's theory of representative realism claims that:

o A) The mind is a blank slate

o B) We perceive the world indirectly through our senses

o C) Knowledge is innate

o D) Ideas are perfect representations of reality

13. Berkeley's subjective idealism posits that:

o A) Only physical objects exist

o B) To be is to be perceived

o C) Ideas do not exist

o D) Objects exist independently of perception

14. Hume's skepticism challenges the certainty of:

o A) Ethical values

o B) Causality and empirical knowledge

o C) Logical principles

o D) Aesthetic judgments

15. Kant's transcendental idealism suggests that:

o A) Reality is a mental construct

o B) Only the material world is real

o C) Our experience of reality is shaped by our perceptions and concepts

o D) Knowledge is entirely subjective

16. Hegel's dialectical method involves:

o A) Linear progression

o B) Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis

o C) Empirical observation

o D) Rational deduction

17. Hegel's absolute idealism posits that:

 o A) Reality is fragmented and diverse

o B) Reality is a unified whole and can be understood through the dialectical process

o C) Only physical objects exist

o D) Knowledge is unattainable

18. Nietzsche's concept of the Superman (Übermensch) represents:

o A) An individual who creates their own values and meaning in life

o B) A physically superior human

o C) A religious leader

o D) A political ruler

19. Nietzsche's idea of the will to power suggests that:

o A) Humans are driven by the need for social approval

o B) Knowledge is the ultimate goal

o C) The fundamental drive in humans is to assert and enhance their power

o D) Material wealth is the highest aim

20. The criterion of verifiability in logical positivism states that:

o A) All statements are meaningful

o B) Metaphysical statements are valid

o C) A statement is meaningful only if it can be empirically verified

o D) Logical analysis is unnecessary

 PMS PHILOSOPHY
PAPER II
SUBJECTIVE

1. Discuss the influence of Greek philosophy on the genesis and development of Islamic theological
and philosophical thought, highlighting key figures and their contributions.

2. Explain the five principles of the Mutazilites and their naturalistic ethics, and discuss how these
principles distinguish Mutazilite theology from other Islamic theological schools.

3. Analyze the Asharite view on the createdness or uncreatedness of the Quran and its implications
for their understanding of divine attributes and human freedom.

4. Compare and contrast the metaphysical concepts of Wahdat al-Wajud (Unity of Being) and
Wahdat al-Shuhud (Unity of Witnessing) within Sufism, noting their implications for
understanding the relationship between God and the world.

5. Describe Ibn Sina's concept of being and his doctrine of emanation, and explain how these ideas
integrate with his psychological theories.

6. Evaluate Al Ghazali's method in his refutation of the philosophers, particularly focusing on his
critique of causality and the implications for Islamic epistemology.
7. Discuss Allama Muhammad Iqbal's doctrine of the ego and its significance for his concept of
Ijtehad in the modern context.

8. Analyze the main arguments of religious modernism in Islam, considering its responses to the
challenges posed by Western modernity and its impact on traditional Islamic practices.

PMS PHILOSOPHY PAPER 2

OBJECTIVE
1. Who was the first major philosopher in Islam known for integrating Greek philosophy with
Islamic thought?

o A) Al-Kindi

o B) Ibn Rushd

o C) Al-Ghazali

o D) Ibn Sina

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the five principles of the Mutazilites?

o A) Tawhid (Unity of God)

o B) Adl (Justice of God)

o C) Al-Qadar (Predestination)

o D) Al-Wa'd wa al-Wa'id (Promise and Threat)

3. Mutazilites are known for their emphasis on:

o A) Divine predestination

o B) Naturalistic ethics

o C) Mystical experiences

o D) Literal interpretation of the Quran

4. The Asharites believe the Quran is:

o A) Created

o B) Uncreated
 o C) Partially created

o D) Symbolic

5. The Asharite view on human freedom is best described as:

o A) Absolute free will

o B) Total predestination

o C) Acquired will (kasb)

o D) Illusion of free will

6. Sufism originated primarily as a reaction against:

o A) Rationalist philosophy

o B) Political authority

o C) Legalistic interpretations of Islam

o D) Secularism

7. Wahdat al-Wajud is best described as:

o A) Unity of Witnessing

o B) Unity of Being

o C) Unity of Prophets

o D) Unity of Scripture

8. Which Sufi concept emphasizes the experience of God's unity in creation?

o A) Wahdat al-Wajud

o B) Wahdat al-Shuhud

o C) Kashf

o D) Fana

9. Ibn Sina's concept of being distinguishes between:

o A) Essence and existence

o B) Mind and body

o C) Spirit and matter

o D) Knowledge and belief

10. According to Ibn Sina, the process of emanation starts from:

 o A) The soul

o B) The intellect

o C) The One (God)

o D) The physical world

11. Al Ghazali is best known for his work:

o A) The Incoherence of the Philosophers

o B) The Healing

o C) The Revival of Religious Sciences

o D) The Book of Healing

12. Al Ghazali's method emphasizes the importance of:

o A) Rational philosophy

o B) Mystical experience

o C) Scientific experimentation

o D) Logical positivism

13. Ibn Rushd sought to reconcile philosophy and religion through:

o A) Denying philosophy

o B) Using allegorical interpretation

o C) Rejecting religious texts

o D) Emphasizing legalism

14. Ibn Rushd's theory of knowledge heavily relies on:

o A) Empirical observation

o B) Mystical insight

o C) Rational demonstration

o D) Divine revelation

15. Ibn Khaldun is most famous for his work on:

o A) Metaphysics

o B) History and sociology

o C) Political philosophy
 o D) Ethics

16. Ibn Khaldun's concept of history emphasizes:

o A) Cyclical patterns

o B) Linear progress

o C) Divine intervention

o D) Mythical narratives

17. Shah Waliullah's metaphysical ideas were influenced by:

o A) Aristotelian philosophy

o B) Vedantic thought

o C) Sufi mysticism

o D) Modern science

18. Shah Waliullah's social philosophy primarily focused on:

o A) Class struggle

o B) Social justice

o C) Political authority

o D) Economic theory

19. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is known for advocating:

o A) Religious orthodoxy

o B) Mystical practices

o C) Modern education

o D) Political revolution

20. Sir Syed's concept of religion and ethics emphasized:

o A) Literal interpretation of scriptures

o B) Integration with modern scientific knowledge

o C) Isolation from Western influences

o D) Traditional practices