The Life and Works of JOS JUNE 2020 THE BIRTH OF A BEYOND REVOLUTIONARY SCHOOL IN HERO EUROPE APATRIOT IN. "NG NOLI & HIS OWN RIGHT EL FILI GREAT ONE SOUL LOVES we ACONTRYS a INDEPENDENCE ™ aNTABLE OF CONTENTS. The Life and Works of JOSE RIZAL EARLY LIFE ‘The Birth of a Revolutionary Hero OI Execution of GomBurZa and 02 Doha Teodora's Arrest A Patriot in His Own Right 03 NEARING THE END Noli & El 06: La Liga Filipina 07 A Failed Attempt 08 One Soul in Exchange for a 09 Country's Independence Visit RIZAL'S EDUCATION Rizal's Atenco Days 4 Philosophy of Letters and 4 ‘Medicine at UST Beyond School in Europe 05 AN EXTRA SCOOP 9 Great Loves 10 KMEVISTA.COM/TABLET to download this current issue to your tabletTHE BIRTH OF A REVOLUTIONARY HERO Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, popularly known as Jose Rizal. was born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna. He was the second son ofa landed family, born toa diligent businessman, Francisco Mercado. and a well-leamed woman, Teodora Alonso Realonda. He spent lively years in a large household. with five elder sisters ‘Saturnina, Narcissa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria, one older brother - Paciano. and four younger sisters - Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad. and Solidad. His first teacher was Dofia Teodora who taught him basic reading, writing and praying. He was eventually sent to Bifian. Laguna to learn more under the tutelage of Maestro Justiniano Aquino CruzIn February 17, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto Zamora, all Filipino priest, 1872, Fathers was executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of subversion. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora was their alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. The death of GomBurZa awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment among — the Filipinos. They questioned Spanish authorities ~ and demanded reforms. The martyrdom of the three priests apparently helped to inspire the organization of the Propaganda Movement, which aimed to’ seek reforms and inform Spain of the abuses of its colonial government. | Rizal Under the suzerainty of Spain, the people of the Philippines suffered abuse in the hands of the Spanish authorities, and Rizal's mother was no exception. In the same year, Teodora was arrested by the guardia civil at midday in broad daylight under the accusation that she and her own younger brother conspired to kill his younger brother's wife, Formoso. Watching his mother being dragged away for a crime he knew she did not commit, Jose finally began to see the plight of his country - a country suffering from injustices and abuse, and a people - his own countrymen ostracized and oppressed. YOU BaaA PATRIOT IN HIS OWN RIGHT The Philippines is no doubt a cradle of heroes. Great men and women came from her bosom. One of them is a great general of the revolution, a patriotic man, yet not so known and more often than not only identified as Jose Rizal's big brother—no other than Paciano. Eventually his parents sent him to Manila to pursue further education. For quite a while, he studied at the College of San Jose. During his stay in Manila, he lived and worked with Father Jose Burgos, one of the three martyr priests implicated in the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. Probably, his acquaintance with Father Burgos made him very vocal on his criticisms regarding the abuses of the Spanish friars, Due to their parents’ old age, Paciano was tasked to look after the education of his younger brother. Due to his strong connection with Father Burgos, the friars and the Spanish authorities turned out to be very suspicious of Paciano. As a protective brother, he changed his brother's surname from Mercado to Rizal to prevent the friars in knowing their affiliation. Luckily, Pepe was able to make most out of his student life in Ateneo. Paciano also made sure that all his brother's needs were well taken cared. Rizal |RIZAL'S EDUCATION RIZAL’S ATENEO DAYS [A the age of, Rizal entered the Ateneo school then located at the Intrmures (the walle ity) and was inially denied entry Buk through connections. Rizal wae despite knowing very litle Spanish. In Rizals own words. he felt foated Imertzos and he wes aot, Theye all seroiatons. and he vise the new boy from the prouince. He coule barely speak pretsonaged student With the system thon of putting the pocrast petforning students at the back and the beter students in font. Rizal eared his way to cxcoled in his studies, whether that be the ats philosophy, natural history and the sconces He graduated as one ofthe nine students declared sebresatont, He continued his ‘education to obtain a degiee in land surveying and assessor 4 |Rizal ION. MEMORIAS DE UN ESTUDIANTE DE MANILA Assan Potessr atthe Ateneo De Mane Unverty Department of Histo. cave a slimpse of Riza pache growing up using the national her's ean wien when he was between 1 and 20 year od. In Bryeng Fis wes vry unhappy He hed ory nqutve rind, and maybe. e's kindof plsopa that he would often get onthe wrong side of he ino ea chi Then aoan.as a chil he could have eo made I dramat than telly wes she fe SD teacher and get beaten up every day.” Habana said. ‘This would really suppress the lear added. What also stood out in Rizal's Memorias was that about his mather.“Ieannot tell you ‘the emotion and the profound grief that overempowered us From then an, while still a child, | lost my confidence in friendship. and | mistrusted men’ Rizal wrote about his mothers arrestin his diary entry on Now. 11878. In concluding his musings about his college education, Rizal reflects on his stellar performance in school with both excitement and ‘vepidation - with @ romantic tribute to that golden era of childhood which he revered a5 the peak of innocence that can never recut in his Iifetime"And so farewell, beautiful age which was. in the darkness of my life, the brief wwilight which will not shine again” Rizal wrote"Farewell, happy hours of my lost childhood, fy to the bosom of the immaculate Purity which created you. there to enhance the innocence of tender hearts MEDICINE AT UST Rizal studied Philosophy of Letters during the Filpino students were racially his first year but shifted to medicine specializing in opthalmology when he found out that his mother was going blind. He was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of higher learning because the Dominican professors were hostile to him, lscriminated by the Spaniards, and the mathod of intruction was obsolete and repressive, After finishing the fourth year of bis course, Rizal decided to study in Spain He coulkl no fonger enclure the rampant bigotry and hostility in the university.cakes 35 “While studying in Europe, Jose Rizal (center) was passionate about fencing. elther practicing with fellow Flipinos or atteriing matches sith his fraternity bothers, che Swabians, With Juan Tuna lett) and Valeatis Ventura Rizal decided to leave the country not just to complete his medical studies in Europe. There are hidden purposes in this, voyage. First is to make a name for himself in the realm of journalism, second is to study and observe the European society, and lastiis to prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish tyranny, His brother Paciano did everything to ensure that Rizal can leave the country secretly. He secured Rizal with a passport named Jose Mercado. Rizal then took up medicine and philosophy at Universidad Central de Madrid, while delving Leaders ofthe reform movement in Spain: Jose ‘Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano Ponce Beyond School : in Europe in social studies, research, and acquiring a wide variety of languages. Despite the distance, Rizal felt the effect of hardships in Calamba, The finances of Rizal's family turned bad to worsedue to crop failures, drought, locusts, and hike in rentals on the hhaciena lands, As aresult,there were frequent delay in his monthly stipend from the Philippines. There were many occasions where he attended classes on an empty stomach. However, he continued to work hard and was considered a “League of His Own’ inthe university and finished doctorates in both medicine and Philosophy of letters. Ashe set foot in the great continent, he indulged in some academic and not-so academic pursuits, a young man so thirsty of knowledge. He joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino, wrote his masterpieces Noli Me Tangere, and El Filibusterismo, and forged long-lasting friendships with some European men and women, While there, he was elected member of the Geographical Society as well as the ‘Anthropological Society, and other scholarly groups. Europe expanded his world view. Rizal |5NOLI & EL FILI In 1886, he moved to Berlin to even further his research,and wrote a novel that guided the Philippines towards reformation - Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not). He never told anyone about it until it was finished, though some of his companions knew what he was doing, He wrote half of the novel in Madrid, a quarter of it in Paris, and the rest in Germany. This novel. whose title was taken from a verse In the bible opens with a young man burning with fiery will to reform his motherland. In the novel, Rizal likened the Philippines of that era to patients suffering from cancer, and severely criticized Spain and the Catholic Church, n February of 1887, Noli Me Tangere was published in Berlin. The publicaion of the book further launched the reform and independence movement in the Philippines, and Rizal and his family incurred the animosity of the colonial government and the church. In the summer of 1887, Rizal journeyed back to his country despite the opposition of Maximo. Viola, a Filipino doctor he became friends with In Europe. He had prepared himself for the upcoming difficulties that lay before him. Jose, back in his hometown of Calamba, tended first to his mother's illness and treated her cataract. He did not stay long for he was told by Teniente Andrade to flee the country. In the year 1888, Rizal, who had returned to Europe. progressed the reformation movement through freedom of speech. On September 18, 1881, EI Filibusterismo (Reign of Greed), written in Spanish and a sequel to Noli Me Tangere was published in Ghent, Belgium "I have to believe much in God because I have lost my faith in man". - Jose Rizal in Noli Me Tangere In Noli Me Tangere. there is aspiration, beauty. romance, and mercy. In El Flleusterismo, readers will feel Is bitterness, hatred, and antipathy. The romance and aspirations are gone. Even the characters’ personalities seem to have undergone radical change.LA LIGA FILIPINA THE PHILIPPINE LEAGUE ‘A secret organization founded by Jose Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at lleye Street, Tondo, Manila on July 8, 1892, The purpose of La Liga Fin is fo bul anew group sought to involve the people directly in the reform movement. The following year, June 1892, Rizal returned to the Philippines despite the danger. Thre, he created the reform organization La Liga Filia, It sought to invalve the people directly in the reform movement. Andres Bonifacio became one of the founders. The primary sim was to unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body. The league was to be e sort of mutual aid and self-help society dispensing scholarship funds and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. It was considered dangerous by the Spanish authorities and Rizal was arrested on July 6 , 1892. He was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao, During his exile, the organization became inactive,though through the efforts of Domingo Franco and Andres Bonifacio, it was reorganized. The organization decided to declare its support for Le Solidaridad and the reforms it advocated, raise funds for the paper, and defray the expenses of deputies advocating reforms for the ‘country before the Spanish Cortes, Eventually after some disarray in the leadership of the group, the Supreme Council of the League dissolved the society. The Liga membership split into two ‘groups when itis about to be revealed the conservatives formad the Cuerpo ide Compromisarias which pledged to continue supporting the La Solidaridad while the radicals led by Bonifacio devoted themselves to anew and secret society, the Katipunan.A FAILED ATTEMP’ Four years later in August 1896, Rizal was waiting for departure on the Spanish navy warship "Castilla" as he wos to serve as a military doctor in Cuba where the revolutionary war broke out. Andres Bonifacio, the head of Katipunan, the head of Katipunan, planned to rescue Rizal as another triumph for the revolution However, Rizal was against the Katipuneros needlessly sacrificing their lives against the Spaniards who were bigger in number and better in skill EMILIO JACINTO, WHO WA. CALLED THE "BRAINS OF THE KATIPUNAN" LED THE KATIPUNEROS IN NUMEROUS: IN MANY PROVINCES: R THE DEATH O1 BONIFACIO. HOWEVER, HE WAS INP ED WITH MALARIA IN THE MIDST OF TH NFLICT AND SUCCUMBED TO THE DISEASE AT THE AGE OF 24. Despite Rizal's disagreement, the Kotipunan led an armed uprising a few weoks later. Rizal, who was suspected of being behind the insurgency, was orrested in Barcelona on his way to Cuba and was brought back to Manila. The last days of Rizal gently drew near. 8 | RizalONE SOUL IN EXCHANGE FOR A COUNTRY'S INDEPENDENCE Rizal, who was arrested as the instigator of the uprising in Manila, was subjected toa military trial. After being. Imprisoned in Fuerte de Santiago, on December 26, 1896, he was forced to sign a document accepting his death sentence, The government believed that they can pacify the rebellion with his execution, On the day before his execution, he has been granted permission to meet his family. Dr. José Rizal was in his cell that evening. He was due to be shot at the morning's early dawn, He was observed spending the night writing to his family and friends. He also put into paper his last thoughts - a poem that began: “Adi6s patria adorada, region del sol querida... Morning came and while he was being led away to Bagumbayan, he handed the alcohol lamp that burned all night within the confines of his solitary cell, gave it to Josephine Bracken, his wife ‘whom he met during his exile in Dapitan, and whispered in English so that the guards will not understand “There's something inside.” ferme Lieutant Andrad roy ‘One man was executed on the 30th of December, in the year 1896. The ‘man of many titles ~ doctor, painter, novelist, revolutionary ~ traded his remarkable soul to put ano the years Cf colonialism in the Philippines, and bring forth independence. “Consummatum Est!” (It is finished!) Rizal |sequainted to Sika the ughter of serra whe hed taught hi to read and sarin Ninongoy an taught im the Japanese sy of ining ‘Segunda Katigbak ‘diired agi rom his ‘hometown, namely Segunda. ‘And tough abe wos set oe ‘Segunda made Rzars heart, Gertrude Beckett In his travel to London, he hho edgedtin he house of the Becket family where Be fallin ive within Nellie Boustead Head met Nee whan he Vatted tei vsidonce a6 3 Ingest in fening. And ‘though over ie vey had Drotertantem and Nele's Leonor Valenzuela prety gi rom Pagsanan, {guna He would snd her leeters ten nine nk, ‘ecipnerabe only by the ‘Spainshe visited Leonor to shy goodbye. {Sonn that ae not have paving tonto, ‘Suzanne Jacoby Fiat he vein the boaraing neuse ofthe Jacoby eters in Bruel, Belgium. ‘Trough they had arendy faen foreach other, lea ranted to iish his ptratc his avels ana though he ‘moking he think tat he ha forgotten about her ‘Sovpieiy. she ltr maied eee renotanman. Josephine Bracken ‘Consuelo Ortiga Perhaps the most famous and “Tough Riz robaby had mont contowerll fats {eating for Consul he had over ba hed mat Sotephing Packed out ofthe retationn ‘ing sen Dept before it becxmerviour a ‘tinal day ba aoe phew wanted rmaln for hr hand be rarogs and loyal toteonor. tre thei day emaMY LAST FAREWELL Farewell beloves cunt, treasured region of the sn Pearl ofthe sea. ths Orient, au lost Eden! ee eres eee cn ce rae ae ee Ono Oe a tre ea Te Oke ee a) Ce ane ene ert Se eee ee Ce ee eed es eee eee eee er eer eens eer rere merci Cee ~ ic ca em tt a ena! eer tera fete tte utd te eee Cee! a ear ae eee eet ee ee — alesaabaae er a nes Seas eee