Chapter 6

Mathematical Library Methods

I.Choose the correct

1.Which of the following is false to find square of a number?

Math.sqrt(a,2)
2.What type of value is returned by Math.sqrt( )?
Double
3.Which of the following syntax is true to find the square root of a number?
Math.sqrt(a)
4.Name the class that is used for different Mathematical functions.
Java.Math
5.Give the output of the Math.abs(x); when x = -9.99
9.99
6.Give the output of Math.sqrt(x); when x = 9.0
3.0
II.Predict the output

1.System.out.println(Math.sqrt(10.24));

Output

3.2

Explanation

Math.sqrt method gives the square root of a positive number. Square root of 10.24 is
3.2 so it is the output.

2.System.out.println(Math.rint(-99.4));

Output

-99.0

Explanation

Math.rint method rounds off its argument to the nearest mathematical integer and
returns its value as a double type. The nearest integer to -99.4 is -99.0 so that is the
output. Math.rint method behaves in a particular way at the mid-point i.e. when the
decimal part of the argument is 0.5. In such cases, the result is the integer value that is
even. Let's understand this with an example. Math.rint(1.5) and Math.rint(2.5) will
 both return 2.0. In the case of 1.5, both 1.0 and 2.0 are equally close to 1.5. Math.rint
choses the integer that is even so 2.0 is returned. In the case of 2.5, both 2.0 and 3.0 are
equally close to 2.5. Math.rint again choses the integer that is even so 2.0 is returned.

3.System.out.println(Math.cbrt(42.875));

Output

3.5
Explanation
Math.cbrt method returns the cube root of its argument as a double value. Cube root of
42.875 is 3.5 so it is the output.

4.System.out.println(Math.min(-25.5, -12.5));

Output

-25.5
Explanation
Math.min method returns the smaller of its 2 arguments. As -25.5 is smaller than -12.5
so it is the output.

5.System.out.println(Math.ceil(-0.95));

Output

-0.0
Explanation
Math.ceil method returns the smallest double value that is greater than or equal to the
argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. If the argument value is less than zero
but greater than -1.0, then the result is negative zero which is the case in this .

6.System.out.println(Math.round(-18.51));

Output -19

Explanation

Math.round method rounds off its argument to the nearest mathematical integer and
returns its value as an int or long type. At the mid-point i.e. when the decimal part of
the argument is 0.5, Math.round method rounds up to the higher integer. In this case,
the nearest integer to -18.51 is -19 so it is the output.
7.System.out.println(Math.max(-77.66, -87.45));

Output

-77.66
Explanation
Math.max method returns the greater of its 2 arguments. As -77.66 is greater than
-87.45 so it is the output.

8.System.out.println(Math.floor(-0.88));

Output

-1.0
Explanation
Math.floor method returns the largest double value that is less than or equal to the
argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. As -1.0 is the largest mathematical
integer less than -0.88 so it is the output.

9.System.out.println(Math.rint(98.5));

Output

98.0
Explanation
Math.rint method rounds off its argument to the nearest mathematical integer and
returns its value as a double type. This method behaves in a particular way at the
mid-point i.e. when the decimal part of the argument is 0.5. In such cases, the result is
the integer value that is even. Let's understand this with an example. Math.rint(97.5)
and Math.rint(98.5) will both return 98.0. In the case of 97.5, both 97.0 and 98.0 are
equally close to 97.5. Math.rint choses the integer that is even so 98.0 is returned. In
the case of 98.5, both 98.0 and 99.0 are equally close to 98.5. Math.rint again choses
the integer that is even so 98.0 is returned.

10.System.out.println(Math.ceil(65.5));

Output

66.0

III.Write down the syntax for the following functions

1.To find the smaller between two numbers p and q
Math.min(p, q)
2.To find the absolute value of a number m

Math.abs(m)

3.To find the exponent of a number k

Math.exp(k)

4.To find the square root of a number d

Math.sqrt(d)

5.To find the rounded-off of a number b

Math.round(b)

IV.Predict the return data type of the following functions

1.Math.sqrt( );

double

2.Math.rint( );

double

3.Math.ceil( );

double

4.Math.round( );

int or long

5.Math.floor( );

double

6.Math.log( )

double

V.Explain the following functions

1.Math.random( )
 Returns a positive double value, greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.

2.Math.max( )

Returns the greater of its 2 arguments. Its return type is same as the type of its arguments.

3.Math.cbrt( )

Returns the cube root of its argument as a double value.

4.Math.abs( )

Returns the absolute value of its argument. Its return type is same as the type of its
arguments.

5.Math.log( )

Returns the natural logarithm of its argument. Both return type and argument is of
double data type.

VI. Distinguish between them with suitable examples

1.Math.ceil( ) and Math.floor( )

Math.ceil( ) Math.floor( )

Returns the smallest double value that Returns the largest double value that
is greater than or equal to the is less than or equal to the argument
argument and is equal to a and is equal to a mathematical
mathematical integer integer.

double a = Math.ceil(65.5); double b = Math.floor(65.5);

In this example, a will be assigned the In this example, b will be assigned

value of 66.0 as it is the smallest the value of 65.0 as it is the largest
integer greater than 65.5. integer smaller than 65.5.
2.Math.rint( ) and Math.round( )

Math.rint( ) Math.round( )

Rounds off its argument to
the nearest mathematical
integer and returns its value
as a double type.
Rounds off its argument to the nearest
mathematical integer and returns its value as
an int or long type. If argument is float, return
type is int, if argument is double, return type is
long.

At mid-point, it returns the At mid-point, it returns the higher integer.

integer that is even

double a = Math.rint(1.5); long a = Math.round(1.5);

double b =Math.rint(2.5); long b = Math.round(2.5);

Both, a and b will have a a will have a value of 2 and b will have a value
value of 2.0 of 3

VII.Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs

1.Write a program in Java to input three numbers and display the greatest and the
smallest of the two numbers.
Hint: Use Math.min( ) and Math.max( )
Sample Input: 87, 65, 34
Sample Output: Greatest Number 87
Smallest number 34

import java.util.Scanner;
public class GreatestNumber
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter First Number: ");
int a = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Second Number: ");
int b = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Third Number: ");
int c = in.nextInt();
int g = Math.max(a, b);
 g = Math.max(g, c);
int s = Math.min(a, b);
s = Math.min(s, c);
System.out.println("Greatest Number = " + g);
System.out.println("Smallest Number = " + s);
}
}

Output

Enter First Number: 85

Enter Second Number: 96

Enter Third Number: 23

Greatest Number = 96

Smallest Number = 23

2.Write a program in Java to calculate and display the hypotenuse of a

Right-Angled Triangle by taking perpendicular and base as inputs.
Hint: h = √p2 + b2

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Hypotenuse

public static void main(String args[])

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Perpendicular: ");

double p = in.nextDouble();

System.out.print("Enter Base: ");

double b = in.nextDouble();

double h = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(p, 2) + Math.pow(b, 2));

System.out.println("Hypotenuse = " + h);

 }

OUTPUT

Enter Perpendicular: 5

Enter Base: 8

Hypotenuse = 9.433981132056603

3.Write a program to input a number and evaluate the results based on the
number entered by the user:
(a) Natural logarithm of the number
(b) Absolute value of the number
(c) Square root of the number
(d) Cube of the number
(e) Random numbers between 0 (zero) and 1 (one).

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MathMethods

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Number: ");

double n = in.nextDouble();

System.out.println("Natural logarithm = " + Math.log(n));

System.out.println("Absolute value = " + Math.abs(n));

System.out.println("Square root = " + Math.sqrt(n));

System.out.println("Cube root= " + Math.cbrt(n));

System.out.println("Random number = " + Math.random());

}
Output

Enter Number: 6
Natural logarithm = 1.791759469228055
Absolute value = 6.0
Square root = 2.449489742783178
Cube root= 1.8171205928321397
Random number = 0.890818613874519

4.In an examination, you have appeared for three subjects i.e. Physics, Chemistry
and Biology. Write a program in Java to calculate the average mark obtained and
finally display the marks in rounded-off form.
Take Physics, Chemistry. and Biology marks as inputs.

import java.util.Scanner;
public class AvgMarks
{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Marks");
System.out.print("Physics: ");
int p = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Chemistry: ");
int c = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Biology: ");
int b = in.nextInt();
double avg = (p + c + b) / 3.0;
long roundAvg = Math.round(avg);
System.out.println("Rounded Off Avg Marks = " + roundAvg);
}
}

Output

Enter Marks
Physics: 96
Chemistry: 80
Biology: 90
Rounded Off Avg Marks = 89
 5.You want to calculate the radius of a circle by using the formula:
Area = (22/7) * r2; where r = radius of a circle
Hence the radius can be calculated as:
r = √((7 * area) / 22)
Write a program in Java to calculate and display the radius of a circle by taking
area as an input.

import java.util.Scanner;
public class KboatCircleRadius
{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Area of Circle: ");
double area = in.nextDouble();
double r = Math.sqrt(7 * area / 22);
System.out.print("Radius of Circle = " + r);
}
}

Output

Enter Area of Circle: 56

Radius of Circle = 4.221158824088691