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Download Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 15th Edition Tortora Test Bank all chapters
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Package Title: Testbank
Course Title: PAP 15e
Chapter Number: 10
Shuffle: Yes
Case Sensitive: No
1) Compare and contrast the structural characteristics of the three different types of muscular
tissue.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.1 Compare the structure and properties of the three types of
muscular tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.1.1 Explain the structural differences among the three types of
muscular tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue
Solution: Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues are striated and smooth muscle is not, hence
its name. Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus, are large and run parallel to each
other. Cardiac muscle cells usually have only one, sometimes two, centrally located nuclei and
are branched. They also are connected to each other via gap junctions. Smooth muscle cells are
small but form thick layers of hollow organs. Like cardiac muscle cells, some smooth muscle
cells communicate via gap junctions. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled while both cardiac
and smooth muscle tissue are involuntary and autorhythmic.
a) striations
b) autorhymicity
c) cell shape
d) autonomic control
e) somatic control
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.1 Compare the structure and properties of the three types of
muscular tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.1.1 Explain the structural differences among the three types of
muscular tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.1 Compare the structure and properties of the three types of
muscular tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.1.2 Compare the functions and special properties of the three types
of muscular tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue
a) electrical excitability
b) contractility
c) extensibility
d) elasticity
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.1 Compare the structure and properties of the three types of
muscular tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.1.2 Compare the functions and special properties of the three types
of muscular tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue
Question type: Multiple Choice
a) acetylcholine attachment.
b) calcium influx into the motor neuron .
c) sodium influx into the muscle fiber.
d) acetylcholinesterase activity
e) all choices are correct
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.2 Describe how muscle action potentials arise at the
neuromuscular junction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
a) tendon
b) ligament
c) endomysium
d) epimysium
e) perimysium
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.1 Explain the importance of connective tissue components, blood
vessels, and nerves to skeletal muscles.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Question type: Multiple Choice
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
8) After the fusion of myoblasts, the muscle fiber loses its ability to
a) grow
b) lengthen
c) contract
d) go through mitosis
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.2 Describe the microscopic anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.2 Describe how muscle action potentials arise at the
neuromuscular junction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
10) The contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are _________, which are composed of
repeating units called ________.
Answer 1 choices:
myocytes
sarcomeres
myofibrils
fascicles
Answer 1: myofibrilis
Answer 2 choices:
fascicles
myofibrils
sarcomeres
myocytes
Answer 2: sarcomeres
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.2 Describe the microscopic anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
11). Skeletal muscle contraction is triggered to begin when calcium is released from
a) myofibrils
b) mitochondria
c) terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
d) T-tubules
Answer: c
12) Place the muscle tissue type in order from least to most ability to regenerate.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.10 Explain how muscle fibers regenerate.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.10 Regeneration of Muscular Tissue
Question type: Multiple Choice
a) I band
b) A band
c) H zone
d) Both I band and A band.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: SO10.2.3 Distinguish thick filaments from thin filaments.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
14) Which regions of the sarcomere contain thick filaments? Select all that apply.
a) zone of overlap
b) A band
c) H zone
d) I band
Answer 1: a
Answer 2: b
Answer 3: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.3 Distinguish thick filaments from thin filaments.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a) contractile proteins.
b) regulatory proteins.
c) structural proteins.
d) tensile proteins
Answer 1: a
Answer 2: b
Answer 3: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.4 Describe the functions of skeletal muscle proteins.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
16) Which functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue?
a) actin
b) myosin
c) troponin
d) titin
e) tropomyosin
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.4 Describe the functions of skeletal muscle proteins.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
17) What proteins are found in thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers? Select all that apply
a) troponin
b) tropomyosin
c) myosin
d) titin
e) actin
f) nebulin
g) dystrophin
Answer1: a
Answer 2: b
Answer 3: c
Answer 4: e
Answer 5: f
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.4 Describe the functions of skeletal muscle proteins.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.4 Describe the functions of skeletal muscle proteins.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a) troponin
b) tropomyosin
c) myosin
d) actin
e) dystrophin
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.4 Describe the functions of skeletal muscle proteins.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
20) During muscle contractions , thin filaments are pulled towards the
a) Z disc.
b) H zone.
c) M line.
d) A band.
e) I band.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.1 Outline the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of
muscle contraction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Answer 1: a
Answer 2: b
Answer 3: c
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.1 Outline the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of
muscle contraction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
a) acetylcholine
b) calcium ions
c) Phosphate release
d) ATP hydrolysis reaction
e) ADP synthesis
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.1 Outline the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of
muscle contraction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Question type: Multiple-Selection
23) For the muscle to contract and relax, what must be present (choose all that apply)?
a) ATP
b) calcium ions
c) ACh
d) sodium ions
Answer 1: a
Answer 2: b
Answer 3: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.1 Outline the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of
muscle contraction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
24) At the neuromuscular junction, _______must enter the synaptic end bulb to stimulate the
release of ____________, which binds to ligand gates so ________can enter the muscle fiber.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.3 Investigate the origination of muscle action potentials at the
neuromuscular junction and the steps involved in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.3.2 Describe how muscle action potentials arise at the
neuromuscular junction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
25) Which ATP production would be sufficient to run in place for one minute?
a) creatine phosphate
b) anaerobic cellular respiration
c) aerobic cellular respiration
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.4 Compare anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration processes and
the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.4.1 Describe the reactions by which muscle fibers produce ATP.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.4 Muscle Metabolism
26) In skeletal muscles, the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough
energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately
a) 15 seconds.
b) 15 minutes.
c) 1.5 minutes.
d) 5 seconds.
e) one minute.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.4 Compare anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration processes and
the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.4.1 Describe the reactions by which muscle fibers produce ATP.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.4 Muscle Metabolism
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.4 Compare anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration processes and
the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.4.1 Describe the reactions by which muscle fibers produce ATP.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.4 Muscle Metabolism
Solution: Although the precise mechanisms that cause muscle fatigue are still not clear, several
factors are thought to contribute. One is inadequate release of calcium ions from the SR,
resulting in a decline of Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasm. Depletion of creatine phosphate
also is associated with fatigue, but surprisingly, the ATP levels in fatigued muscle often are not
much lower than those in resting muscle. Other factors that contribute to muscle fatigue include
insufficient oxygen, depletion of glycogen and other nutrients, buildup of lactic acid and ADP,
and failure of action potentials in the motor neuron to release enough acetylcholine.
28) Which term describes a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates?
a) synapse
b) motor unit
c) neuromuscular junction
d) motor end plate
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.5 Describe the structures and processes that affect muscle tension.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.5.1 Describe the structure and function of a motor unit, and define
motor unit recruitment.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.5 Control of Muscle Tension
29) A brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential
moving down the somatic motor neuron is known as
a) unfused tetanus.
b) fused tetanus
c) wave summation.
d) refractory period.
e) twitch contraction.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.5 Describe the structures and processes that affect muscle tension.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.5.2 Explain the phases of a twitch contraction.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.5 Control of Muscle Tension
30) Why would cardiac muscles have longer refractory periods than skeletal muscles. Choose the
best answer?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.8 Describe the main structural and functional characteristics of
cardiac muscle tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.8 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
31) Motor unit recruitment occurs when there is a(n) [increase] in the number of active motor
units within a skeletal muscle.
a) increase
b) decrease
c) no change
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.5 Describe the structures and processes that affect muscle tension.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.5.3 Describe how frequency of stimulation affects muscle tension,
and how muscle tone is produced.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.5 Control of Muscle Tension
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.6 Compare the structure and function of the three types of skeletal
muscle fibers.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.6 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
33) Which microscopic structure is found only in the cardiac muscle tissue?
a) myosin
b) tropomyosin
c) sarcomeres
d) intercalated discs
e) striations
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.8 Describe the main structural and functional characteristics of
cardiac muscle tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.8 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
34) Which type of muscle tissue contracts when excited by their own autorhythmic muscle
fibers?
a) cardiac muscle
b) slow twitch oxidative skeletal muscle
c) multi-unit smooth muscle
d) fast twitch glycolytic skeletal muscle
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode:Comprehension
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.1 Compare the structure and properties of the three types of
muscular tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.8 Describe the main structural and functional characteristics of
cardiac muscle tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue and Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Section Reference 2: Sec 10.8 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
35) Smooth muscle tone is maintained by the prolonged presence of [_____] in the muscle cell’s
cytosol?
a) ATP
b) calcium ions
c) sodium ions
d) acetylcholine
e) oxygen
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.9 Describe the main structural and functional characteristics of
smooth muscle tissue.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.9 Smooth Muscle Tissue
36) On the diagram, which layer is composed of dense irregular and surrounds a muscle?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.1 Explain the importance of connective tissue components, blood
vessels, and nerves to skeletal muscles.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a) A
b) B
c) E
d) G
e) H
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective 1: LO 10.2 Describe the importance of skeletal muscle components and the
microanatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
Learning Objective 2: LO 10.2.1 Explain the importance of connective tissue components, blood
vessels, and nerves to skeletal muscles.
Section Reference 1: Sec 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a) C, D, and H
b) D and E
c) H and C
d) C and D
e) answers a-d are all correct
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wife, M. Pichon and his American wife, Mr. and Mrs. Madison, and
some other persons whose names were not mentioned. When
dinner was announced, the President offered his hand to Mrs.
Madison and took her to table, placing her on his right. Mme. Yrujo
took her seat on his left.
“Mrs. Merry was placed by Mr. Madison below the Spanish
minister, who sat next to Mrs. Madison. With respect to me,” continued
the British minister in his account of the affair,[267] “I was proceeding
to place myself, though without invitation, next to the wife of the
Spanish minister, when a member of the House of Representatives
passed quickly by me and took the seat, without Mr. Jefferson’s using
any means to prevent it, or taking any care that I might be otherwise
placed....
“I will beg leave to intrude a moment longer on your Lordship’s
time,” continued Merry’s report, “by adding to this narrative that
among the persons (none of those who were of this country were the
principal officers of the government except Mr. Madison) whom the
President selected for a dinner which was understood to be given to
me, was M. Pichon the French chargé d’affaires. I use the word
selected, because it could not be considered as a diplomatic dinner,
since he omitted to invite to it the Danish chargé d’affaires, who, with
the Spanish minister, form the whole body.”
Merry’s report was brief; but Yrujo, who also made an official
report to his Government, after mentioning the neglect shown to
Merry before dinner, added a remark that explained the situation
more exactly:[268]—
“I observed immediately the impression that such a proceeding of
the President must have on Mr. and Mrs. Merry; and their resentment
could not but be increased at seeing the manifest, and in my opinion
studied, preference given by the President throughout to me and my
wife over him and Mrs. Merry.”
There the matter might have rested, had not Madison carried the
new “canons” beyond the point of endurance. December 6, four days
after the dinner at the White House, the British minister was to dine
with the Secretary of State. Pichon and Yrujo were again present,
and all the Cabinet with their wives. Yrujo’s report described the
scene that followed.
“I should observe,” said he, “that until then my wife and I had
enjoyed in the houses of Cabinet ministers the precedence of which
we had been deprived in the President’s house; but on this day the
Secretary of State too altered his custom, without informing us
beforehand of his resolution, and took to table the wife of the
Secretary of the Treasury. This unexpected conduct produced at first
some confusion, during which the wife of the British minister was left
without any one giving her his hand, until her husband advanced, with
visible indignation, and himself took her to table.”
Even Pichon, though pleased to see the British minister humbled,
felt his diplomatic pride a little scandalized at this proceeding. He
admitted that it was an innovation, and added,—
“There is no doubt that Mr. Madison in this instance wished to
establish in his house the same formality as at the President’s, in
order to make Mr. Merry feel more keenly the scandal he had made;
but this incident increased it.”
The scandal which Merry had made consisted in saying that he
believed his treatment at the White House was a premeditated insult
against his country. Madison’s course took away any remaining
doubt on the subject in his mind. Merry became bitter. He wrote
home informally:[269]—
“On this occasion, also, the pas and the preference in every
respect was taken by, and given to, the wives of the Secretaries of the
Departments (a set of beings as little without the manners as without
the appearance of gentlewomen), the foreign ministers and their wives
being left to take care of themselves. In short the latter are now placed
here in a situation so degrading to the countries they represent, and
so personally disagreeable to themselves, as to have become almost
intolerable. The case yesterday was so marked and so irritating that I
determined to hand Mrs. Merry myself to the table, and to place
ourselves wherever we might conveniently find seats.”