Drug Cards

1. Acetaminophen
 Class: Analgesics (pain relievers) and Antipyretics (fever reducer)
 Temporary relief of mild to moderate pain, headache, and fever.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Analgesic: Activates descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways in CNS.
o Antipyretic: Inhibits hypothalamic heat- regulating center.
 Therapeutic Effect: Results in antipyresis. Produces analgesic effect.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Assess onset, type, location, duration of pain.
o Assess for Fever.
o Assess LFT (liver function tests) in pts with chronic usage or history of hepatic impairment, alcohol abuse.
o Do not exceed maximum daily recommendation dose: 4g/day.
 Side Effects:
o Hypersensitivity Reaction.
 Adverse Effects of Acetaminophen Toxicity:
o Anorexia, Nausea, Diaphoresis, Fatigue within first 12-24 hours.
o Vomiting, RUQ tenderness, elevated LFTs within 48-72 hours.
 Patient Teachings:
o Avoid alcohol.
o Do not take more than 4g/day.
o Severe recurrent pain, or fever may indicate serious illness.
2. Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
 Class: NSAIDs
 Treatment of mild to moderate pain, fever.
 Reduces inflammation related to arthritis.
 Used in the prevention of TIAs, cerebral thromboembolism, MI or reinfarction.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Irreversibly inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, resulting in a decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors.
o Irreversibly inhibits formation of thromboxane, resulting in inhibiting platelet aggregation.
 Therapeutic Effect: Reduces inflammatory response, intensity of pain; decreases fever; inhibits platelet aggregation.
  Nursing Considerations:
o Do not give to children or teenagers who have or have recently had viral infections.
o Assess history of GI bleed, peptic ulcer disease, OTC use of products that may contain aspirin.
o Inspect appearance of affected joints for immobility, deformities, skin condition.
o Monitor urinary pH (pH from 6.5 to 5.5, may result in toxicity).
 Side Effects:
o GI distress and allergic reaction.
 Adverse Effects:
o Reye’s syndrome.
 Patient Teachings:
o Do not chew, crush, dissolve or divide enteric-coated tablets.
o Avoid alcohol.
3. Amiodarone
 Class: Antiarrhythmics
 Management of life-threatening recurrent ventricular fibrillation, (VF), or recurrent hemodynamically unstable
ventricular tachycardia (VT).
 Treatment of atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Inhibits adrenergic stimulation; affects Na, K, Ca channels; prolongs action potential and refractory period in
myocardial tissue. Decreases AV conduction and sinus node function.
 Therapeutic Effect: Suppresses arrhythmias.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain BP, apical pulse. (Withhold if pulse is less than 60bpm, or systolic BP is less than 90mmHg).
o Obtain baseline serum ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, ECG.
o Monitor for symptoms of pulmonary toxicity.
 Side Effects:
o Expected: Corneal microdeposits.
o Occasional: Constipation, headache, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, paresthesia, photosensitivity,
muscular incoordination, hypotension, nausea, fever, bradycardia.
o Rare: Bitter or metallic taste, decreased libido, dizziness, facial flushing, blue-gray coloring of skin (face, arms,
and neck), blurred vision, bradycardia, asymptomatic corneal deposits, rash, visual disturbances, halo vision.
 Adverse Effects:
 o Pulmonary Toxicity:
 May begin with progressive dyspnea and cough with crackles.
 Patient Teachings:
o Protect against photosensitivity reaction.
o Restrict salt, alcohol intake.
o Avoid grapefruit products.
4. Amlodipine
 Class: Calcium Channel Blockers
 Management of hypertension, coronary artery disease (chronic stable angina, vasospastic [Prinzmetal’s or variant]
angina).
 Mechanism of Action:
o Inhibits calcium movement across cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes during depolarization.
 Therapeutic Effect: Dilates coronary arteries, peripheral arteries/arterioles. Decreases total peripheral vascular
resistance and B/P by vasodilation.
 Nursing Consideration:
o Assess baseline renal/hepatic function tests, B/P, apical pulse.
o Assess B/P (if systolic B/P is less than 90 mm Hg, withhold medication, contact physician).
o Assess for peripheral edema behind medial malleolus.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Peripheral edema, headache, flushing.
o Occasional: Dizziness, palpitations, nausea, unusual fatigue or weakness.
o Rare: Chest pain, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdose may produce excessive peripheral vasodilation, marked hypotension with reflex tachycardia, syncope.
 Patient Teachings:
o Do not ingest grapefruit products.
5. Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
 Class: HMB – CoA Reductase Inhibitor *statin*
 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk pts.
 Reduces risk of stroke and heart attack.
 Mechanism of Action:
 o Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the early step in cholesterol synthesis. Results in an
increase of expression in LDL receptors on hepatocyte membranes and a stimulation of LDL catabolism.
 Therapeutic Effect: Therapeutic Effect: Dilates coronary arteries, peripheral arteries/arterioles. Decreases total
peripheral vascular resistance and B/P by vasodilation.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain baseline cholesterol, triglycerides, LFT.
o Monitor for headache.
o Assess for rash, pruritus, malaise.
o Monitor cholesterol, triglyceride lab values for therapeutic response.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Headache.
o Occasional: Myalgia, rash, pruritus, allergy.
o Rare: Flatulence, dyspepsia, depression.
 Adverse Effects:
o Potential for cataracts, photosensitivity, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis.
 Patient Teachings:
o Follow special diet.
o Do not chew, crush, dissolve, or divide tablets.
o Report dark urine, muscle fatigue, and bone pain.
o Avoid alcohol and large quantities of grapefruit products.
6. Apixaban
 Class: Anticoagulant.
 Reduces risk for stroke, systemic embolism in pts with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
 Treatment of DVT and PE.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Selectively, directly, and reversibly inhibits free and clot-bound factor Xa, a key factor in the intrinsic and
extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation cascade.
 Therapeutic Effect: Therapeutic Effect: Dilates coronary arteries, peripheral arteries/arterioles. Decreases total
peripheral vascular resistance and B/P by vasodilation.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain baseline CBC, stool for occult blood.
o Obtain health history.
 o Assess for any sign of bleeding.
 Side Effects:
o Rare: Nausea, ecchymosis.
 Adverse Effects:
o Increased risk for bleeding/hemorrhagic events.
 Patient Teachings:
o Avoid alcohol.
o Avoid aspirin, NSAIDs, herbal supplements.
o Avoid grapefruit products.
7. Bisoprolol
 Class: Beta1 Selective Adrenergic Blocker (Antihypertensive)
 Management of hypertension.
 Mechanism of Action: Selectively blocks beta1-adrenergic receptors.
 Therapeutic Effect: Slows sinus heart rate, decreases B/P.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain B/P, apical pulse. (Withhold if pulse is less than 60bpm, or systolic BP is less than 90mmHg).
o Assist with ambulation if dizziness occurs.
o Assess for peripheral edema.
o Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity, stool consistency.
o Assess neurologic status.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Fatigue, headache.
o Occasional: Dizziness, arthralgia, peripheral edema, URI, rhinitis, pharyngitis, diarrhea, nausea, insomnia.
o Rare: Chest pain, asthenia, dyspnea, vomiting, bradycardia, dry mouth, diaphoresis, decreased libido,
impotence.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdose may produce bradycardia and hypotension.
o Abrupt withdrawal may result in diaphoresis, palpitations, headache, tremors.
 Patient Teachings:
o Do not use nasal decongestants, OTC cold preparations (stimulants) without physician’s approval.
o Restrict salt, alcohol intake.
8. Candesartan
 Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) (Antihypertensive)
 Treatment of hypertension.
 Mechanism of Action: Blocks vasoconstriction, aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II, inhibiting binding of
angiotensin II to AT receptors.
 Therapeutic Effect: Produces vasodilation; decreases peripheral resistance, B/P.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain B/P, apical pulse immediately before.
o Obtain health history.
o Maintain hydration.
o Assess for upper respiratory infection.
 Side Effects:
o Occasional: Upper respiratory tract infection, dizziness, back/leg pain.
o Rare: Pharyngitis, rhinitis, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, dry cough, peripheral edema.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdosage may manifest as hypotension, tachycardia.
o Bradycardia occurs less often.
o May increase risk of renal failure, hyperkalemia.
 Patient Teachings:
o Inform female pts regarding potential for fetal injury, mortality with second- and third- trimester exposure to
candesartan.
o Avoid task that require alertness.
9. Clopidogrel
 Class: Antiplatelet
 To reduce rate of MI and stroke.
 Mechanism of Action: Active metabolite irreversibly blocks P2Y12 component of ADP receptors on platelet surface,
preventing activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptor complex.
 Therapeutic Effect: Inhibits platelet aggregation.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Perform platelet counts before drug therapy.
o Obtain baseline chemistries, platelet count, PFA.
 Side Effects:
 o Frequent: Skin disorders.
o Occasional: Upper respiratory tract infection, chest pain, flu-like symptoms, headache, dizziness, arthralgia.
o Rare: Fatigue, edema, hypertension, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, nausea, epistaxis, dyspnea, rhinitis.
 Adverse Effects:
o Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia/pancytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
 Patient Teachings:
o It may take longer to stop bleeding during drug therapy.
o Report any unusual bleeding.
10. Dalteparin
 Class: Anticoagulant
 A blood thinner indicated to prevent ischemic complication in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
 Used for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis.
 Mechanism of Action: Antithrombin in presence of low molecular weight heparin inhibits factor Xa, thrombin. Only
slightly influences platelet aggregation, PT, aPTT.
 Therapeutic Effect: Produces anticoagulation.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain baseline coagulation studies, CBC, esp. platelet count.
o Periodically monitor CBC, stool for occult blood.
o Assess for any sign of bleeding.
o Monitor for DVT.
 Side Effects:
o Occasional: Hematoma at injection site.
o Rare: Hyper-sensitivity reaction (chills, fever, pruritus, urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, lacrimation, headache); mild,
local skin irritation.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdose may lead to bleeding complications ranging from local ecchymoses to major hemorrhage.
 Patient Teachings:
o Usual length of therapy is 5–10 days.
o Do not take any OTC medication (esp. aspirin) without consulting physician.
o Rotate injection sites daily.
o Teach proper injection technique.
 o Excessive bruising at injection site may be lessened by ice massage before injection.
o Monitor for symptoms of blood clots in the leg or blood clots in the lungs.
11. Diclofenac
 Class: NSAIDs
 Treatment of arteritis and mild-to-moderate pain.
 Mechanism of Action: Reversibly inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, resulting in
decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors.
 Therapeutic Effect: Produces analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain baseline B/P.
o Monitor CBC, renal function, LFT, urine output, occult blood test, B/P.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Headache, abdominal cramps, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dyspepsia. Ophthalmic: Burning,
stinging on instillation, ocular discomfort.
o Occasional: PO: Flatulence, dizziness, epigastric pain. Ophthalmic: Ocular itching, tearing.
o Rare: PO: Rash, peripheral edema, fluid retention, visual disturbances, vomiting, drowsiness.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdose may result in acute renal failure.
 Patient Teachings:
o Swallow tablets whole; do not chew, crush, dissolve, or divide.
o Avoid aspirin, alcohol during therapy (increases risk of GI bleeding).
o If GI upset occurs, take with food, milk.
o Ophthalmic: Do not use hydrogel soft contact lenses.
12. Diltiazem
 Class: Calcium Channel Blocker.
 Treatment of angina and hypertension.
 Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium movement across cardiac, vascular smooth-muscle cell membranes (causes
dilation of coronary arteries, peripheral arteries, arterioles) during depolarization.
 Therapeutic Effect: Relaxes coronary vascular smooth muscle, and coronary vasodilation increases myocardial oxygen
delivery in pts with vasospastic angina.
 Nursing Consideration:
o Assess B/P, apical pulse immediately before drug is administered.
 o Obtain baseline ECG in pts with history of arrhythmia.
o Assist with ambulation if dizziness occurs.
o Assess for peripheral edema.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Peripheral edema, dizziness, light-headedness, headache, bradycardia, asthenia.
o Occasional: Nausea, constipation, flushing, ECG changes.
o Rare: Rash, micturition disorder (polyuria, nocturia, dysuria, frequency of urination), abdominal discomfort,
drowsiness.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdose produces nausea, drowsiness, confusion, slurred speech, profound bradycardia.
 Patient Teachings:
o Avoid alcohol (may increase risk of hypotension or vasodilation).
13. Digoxin
 Class: Antiarrhythmic
 Treatment of mild to moderate HF, can also treat atrial fibrillation.
 Mechanism of Action:
o HF: Inhibits sodium/potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells. Promotes calcium influx.
o Supraventricular arrhythmias: Suppresses AV node conduction.
 Therapeutic Effect:
o HF: Increases contractility.
o Supraventricular arrhythmias: Increases effective refractory period/decreases conduction velocity, decreases
ventricular heart rate of fast atrial arrhythmias.
 Nursing Consideration:
o Assess apical pulse (if pulse is 60 or less/min (70 or less/min for children), withhold drug, contact physician).
o Monitor pulse for bradycardia, ECG for arrhythmias for 1–2 hrs after administration.
 Side Effects:
o Dizziness, headache, diarrhea, rash, visual disturbances.
 Adverse Effects:
o GI disturbances, neurologic abnormalities, facial pain, personality change, ocular disturbances.
 Patient Teachings:
o Wear/carry identification of digoxin therapy and inform dentist, other physician of taking digoxin.
14. Fondaparinux
 Class: Factor Xa Inhibitors (Anticoagulant)
 Prevention of venous thromboembolism.
 Treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and acute pulmonary embolism.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Factor Xa inhibitor that selectively binds to antithrombin and increases its affinity for factor Xa, inhibiting
factor Xa, stopping blood coagulation cascade.
 Therapeutic Effect:
o Indirectly prevents formation of thrombin and subsequently fibrin clot.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Assess CBC, renal function test.
o Evaluate potential risk for bleeding.
o Obtain health history.
o Monitory BP and pulse.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Anemia, fever, nausea.
o Occasional: Edema, constipation, rash, vomiting, insomnia, increased wound drainage, hypokalemia.
o Rare: Dizziness, hypotension, confusion, urinary retention, injection site hematoma, diarrhea, dyspepsia,
headache.
 Adverse Effects:
o Bleeding complications.
 Patient Teachings:
o Do not take OTC medications.
o Report swelling or unusual bleedings.
15. Furosemide
 Class: Diuretics
 Treatment of edema associated with HP and renal/hepatic disease; acute pulmonary edema.
 Treatment of hypertension.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Inhibits reabsorption of sodium, chloride in ascending loop of Henle and proximal/distal renal tubules.
 Therapeutic Effect:
 o Increases excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, calcium.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Check BP, pulse for hypotension before administration.
o Assess baseline renal functions.
o Assess hydration status.
o Obtain baseline weight.
o Initiate I&O.
 Side Effects:
o Expected: Increased urinary frequency/volume.
o Frequent: Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea or constipation, electrolyte disturbances.
o Occasional: Dizziness, light-headedness, headache, blurred vision, paresthesia, photosensitivity, rash, fatigue,
bladder spasm, restlessness, diaphoresis.
o Rare: Flank pain.
 Adverse Effects:
o Profound water loss/electrolyte depletion, resulting in hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration.
o Increased risk of thrombosis, circulatory collapse, and sudden death.
 Patient Teachings:
o Increased urination.
o Eat foods high in potassium.
o Avoid sunlight, sunlamps.
16. Gabapentin
 Class: Anticonvulsant
 Used to prevent and control partial seizures and relieve nerve pain following shingles.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Binds to gabapentin binding sites in brain and may modulate release of excitatory neurotransmitters, which
participates in epileptogenesis and nociception.
 Therapeutic Effect:
o Reduces seizure activity, neuropathic pain.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain health history.
o Provide safety measures.
 o Monitor for signs of depression or unusual behaviour.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia.
o Occasional: Nystagmus, tremor, diplopia, rhinitis, weight gain, peripheral edema.
o Rare: Anxiety, dysarthria, memory loss, dyspepsia, pharyngitis, myalgia.
 Adverse Effects:
o Abrupt withdrawal may increase seizure activity.
o Hypersensitivity reactions.
 Patient Teachings:
o Avoid tasks that require coordination.
o Avoid alcohol.
o Wear medical ID band.
17. Gliclazide
 Class: Sulfonylurea
 Used to control high blood sugar in people with Type 2 Diabetes.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Gliclazide binds to the β cell sulfonyl urea receptor (SUR1). This binding subsequently blocks the ATP sensitive
potassium channels. The binding results in closure of the channels and leads to a resulting decrease in potassium
efflux leads to depolarization of the β cells. This opens voltage-dependent calcium channels in the β cell
resulting in calmodulin activation, which in turn leads to exocytosis of insulin containing secretorty granules.
 Therapeutic Effect:
o Increases the amount of insulin released by the pancreas and helps the body use insulin more effectively.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Monitor liver and renal functions.
o Observe for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
o PO: Administer with meals at the same time every day.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Stomach-ache, Nausea, Vomiting. Diarrhea, Constipation.
 Adverse Effects:
o Yellow eyes or skin.
o Paler than usual, prolonged bleeding and bruising.
  Patient Teachings:
o Proper technique for monitoring.
o Encourage prescribed diet and exercise.
o Avoid sun exposure.
18. Heparin
 Class: Anticoagulant
 Used to decrease the clotting ability of the blood and help prevent harmful clots from forming in blood vessels.
 Prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders and thromboembolic complications.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Potentiates action of antithrombin III. Interferes with blood coagulation by blocking conversion of prothrombin
to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin.
 Therapeutic Effect:
o Prevents further extension of existing thrombi or new clot formation. No effect on existing clots.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Cross-check dose with co-worker.
o Obtain CBC, PT/INR.
o Obtain health history.
 Side Effects:
o Occasional: Pruritus, burning (particularly on soles of feet) caused by vasospastic reaction.
o Rare: Pain, cyanosis of extremity 6–10 days after initial therapy lasting 4–6 hrs, hypersensitivity reaction
(chills, fever, pruritus, urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, lacrimation, headache).
 Adverse Effects:
o Bleeding complications or life-threatening thromboembolism.
 Patient Teachings:
o Use electric razor, soft toothbrush to prevent bleeding.
o Report red or dark urine, black or red stool, coffee-ground vomitus, blood-tinged mucus from cough, signs of
stroke, nosebleeds, or increase in menstruation.
o Do not use any OTC medication without physician approval (may interfere with platelet aggregation).
o Wear or carry identification that notes anticoagulant therapy.
o Inform dentist, other physicians of heparin therapy.
o Limit alcohol.
19. Lisinopril
  Class: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
 Treatment of hypertension and acute MI.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) (prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angio-
tensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; may inhibit angiotensin II at local vascular, renal sites). Decreases plasma
angio-tensin II, increases plasma renin activity, decreases aldosterone secretion.
 Therapeutic Effect:
o Reduces blood pressure.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain BP, apical pulse before dose.
o Auscultate lungs.
o Weigh daily.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Headache, dizziness, postural hypotension.
o Occasional: Chest discomfort, fatigue, rash, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, upper respiratory infection.
o Rare: Palpitations, tachycardia, peripheral edema, insomnia, paresthesia, confusion, constipation, dry mouth,
muscle cramps.
 Adverse Effects:
o Excessive hypotension.
o Angioedema, hyperkalemia occurs rarely.
 Patient Teachings:
o Limit alcohol.
o Limit salt intake.
o Maintain hydration.
20. Losartan
 Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
 Treatment of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy.
 Causes blood vessels to tighten.
 Mechanism of Action:
o Blocks vasoconstrictor, aldosterone- secreting effects of angiotensin II, inhibiting binding of angiotensin II to
AT1 receptors.
 Therapeutic Effect:
 o Causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases B/P.
 Nursing Considerations:
o Obtain BP, apical pulse prior.
o Maintain hydration.
o Assess for evidence of upper respiratory infection, cough.
o Assist with ambulation.
 Side Effects:
o Frequent: Upper respiratory tract infection.
o Occasional: Dizziness, diarrhea, cough.
o Rare: Insomnia, dyspepsia, heartburn, back/ leg pain, muscle cramps, myalgia, nasal congestion, sinusitis,
depression.
 Adverse Effects:
o Overdosage may manifest as hypotension and tachycardia. Bradycardia occurs less often.
 Patient Teachings:
o Avoid pregnancy/ report pregnancy ASAP.
o Report signs of infection.
o Avoid tasks that require alertness.
o Limit salt intake.
o Do not take OTC medications.
21. Metoprolol
 Class: Beta Blockers
 Treatment of acute myocardial infarction, and acute angina.
 Management of hypertension.
22. Morphine
 Class: Opioid Analgesic
 Used in pain management.
23. Metformin
 Class: Biguanide Antihyperglycemic
 Used to treat high blood sugar levels that are caused by diabetes (type 2).
24. Metolazone
 Class: Diuretics
  Treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and other medical
condition.
 Treats hypertension.
25. Nitrates
 Class: Nitrates
 Prevent chest pain (angina), relieve the pain of a current attack, or treat the symptoms of heart failure.
26. Perindopril
 Class: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
 Treats hypertension and heart failure.
27. Pantoprazole
 Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor
 Treatment of healing erosive esophagitis associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
 Reduction of relapse rate of heartburn.
28. Polyethylene Glycol
 Class: Osmotic Laxatives
 Used in the management and treatment of constipation.
29. Ramipril
 Class: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
 Treats hypertension and failure.
30. Rosuvastatin
 Class: HMB-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
 Lowers bad cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (fats) in the blood, and to increase your good cholesterol (HDL)
31. Risedronate
 Class: Bisphosphonates
 Treatment of Paget’s disease of the bone.
 Prevent and treats osteoporosis (thinning of the bone) in women after menopause.
32. Rivaroxaban
 Class: Anticoagulants
 Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
 Prevents pulmonary embolism (PE).
33. Spironolactone
 Class: Aldosterone Antagonist
  Treats hypertension and heart failure.
 Management of edema.
34. Simvastatin
 Class: HMB-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
 Treats high cholesterol and triglyceride (fat) levels in the blood.
35. Salmeterol
 Class: Long-acting Beta2-Adrenergic
 Medication used in the management and treatment of asthma and COPD.
36. Terazosin
 Class: Alpha Blockers
 Lowers blood pressure.
 Also treats the enlargement of the prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)/
37. Telmisartan
 Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
 Treats hypertension.
38. Ticagrelor
 Class: Antiplatelet
 Prevents a serious or life-threatening heart attack or stroke, or death in people who have had a heart attack or stroke, or
who have acute coronary syndrome.
39. Tiotropium Bromide
 Class: Anticholinergics
 Treats chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
40. Tinzaparin
 Class: Anticoagulant
 Treats serious blood clots, usually in the legs or the lungs.
41. Valsartan
 Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
 Treats hypertension.