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Specialization in the Administrative Decision and its

Legal Effects on the Administrative Work
A Comparative Study between the Jordanian and
Kuwaiti Administrative Law

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‫ك‬

Specialization in the Administrative Decision and its Legal Effects on the

Administrative Work
A Comparative Study between the Jordanian and Kuwaiti Administrative Law
By
Nawaf Talal Fhid Al-Azmi
Supervisor
Dr. Zuhir Ahmad Qadoura
Abstract

Corner is one of the most important staff jurisdiction the Chairperson of the
administrative decision, as a consequence of the impact of fault administrative
resolution defect called disadvantage of the lack of jurisdiction, the only
disadvantage to which the public order, and as such pretrial resolution of non-
delegated authority by ordering legally.
This study addressed the question of how to define the jurisdiction, and the
statement of the border in temporal, spatial and objectivity of jurisdiction, and all
matters associated with Burkin, jurisdiction and influential, and solutions, and assets
that must be taken into account when formulating specific legal rules The
jurisdiction of the administrative decision, and then dealt with the judicial oversight
of this element to demonstrate the impact of impact on the health of administrative
decision, and the extent of a passport correct this deficiency.
The study reviewed criteria for differentiating between disadvantage of the
lack of jurisdiction the disadvantage of simple serious lack of jurisdiction, the study
also revealed legal effects RVs jurisdiction over administrative work.
The study came in a comparative framework between the two laws Kuwait,
Jordan.
The study has emerged a number of findings and recommendations, were
installed in the conclusion of this study.
1

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.?4 ; 5   30( 1 F) 5

324 5 E
' 2 R  @= M"0# 5 2 67 52 $  %

% > 2 /!- += @= M / = /!- +0 ; 52 ;0 

 - / = /!- +)  M  5 $  0= /!- :+ 2

@ M5 8 ,) := G= .+ 32 L) $) M(2)Q#)  5 % ( ) %

52 .!# &@  M(3)  )  ) 3 = 8 >9 G!2 )/ ,4

 5 0 $  5)  .    '  +! 5 8 ;<  324

(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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2

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5 $  2    ) @ R  $ ! 5) &

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SR  + 3 8 8  0N 0# + .#H ? )  /!- 5 SR 

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(1)
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.(1)  - '  5 (=

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5 L  a - 6@ 8? L- M$  8? "0#( 5 4 '1

F ) M = @#(  /!- + > 8 E0 L $ 3 G!2 ,O

5 F  $=  $) @#  /!- >/- ( L4 M  324 5 3

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' #  @ 3, @#

I $ 89!!? ML!2 b  .F F1 I! $  5) 5  5

92 8? L,N 82  F F   G!2 5/  8? L- ! 5 L 

(1)
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.(1)5 F 5O 62   F $@ $ 9

(1)
8?   : M  - M$ 9 F4 ' ? $  F M(2008) 3E 5 I/ M$-
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52 ; # Q M 8? "0#( 5 ; I/ Q I! ? 8
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M"0#(   $   N $ 9 F ,) M5 @ I/

I! ? $ 9  %= M?d L2 K $@ 9 52  F

9 / M !- + 5 8 "0#( 5 +/ : 5 ;  

6 + 3 "0# I! ?  = > M 54 5 3 8? $

."0#( F2  0 $ 

"  /.

$ 9 5+ M'2 5! 8- +?= 8? - 6@ ) 5

  8? 9 @  F+?- +4 M 8? F) 54 8? - M"0# L G!2

? G!2 - % .+) ? +? ? :  ! 0= 2 ;

L? ? ( $@   N F $ 9 5N? L2 3 8? M+? "0#( 5

@  N $ 9 F F)  5 9 L N / - "0#( 5

.F F1 "0#( 5 I! '1 M

"   <".

: J !-4 - _/

e$  0= 8? "0#( +  5 .1

e$ 3 8? "0#( % G!2  ,J  .2

7

F) "0#( 3  5 3 e"0#( 8?  SR  _) @ .3

 ,)  eL/  "0#( 8? 3! % 3 e&@ 5 G eL9

e"0#( - 8? 3!

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e"0#( F2  0 $@ $  G!2   ,J  .5

  ! -  54 5 3

f  8? $ 9! I/ 5 3 .6

e+    e $) G= eE

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(100) ; L? " 1952 F2 84 - 0 g 8?  6@ 3,

5 0 5 G= ' B + 6@+ %  F  M!2 32   = G!2

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9 + +( M 54 5 3

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8? $ 9 F) 5 &@ 84 8 $ 8 L H 5 3E# 5

 = 8? -  ,H 5 L2 K  M"0#( 5 # 5 M5! 5@ 5 3
f

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:+? ; !/0 8 F) - 

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5 SR  L! 5 $= 32 ;  G!2  ;  :  >

SR  + 3 8 8  0N 0# + M5 ? )  "0#

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! ;% "0# - M  324 5 67 52 $  % F-

3, 8 ; ; ;= 52 0 ' E

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(1)
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10

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5 3
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M8 84 5 5 5 Q 3! K+ - 6@ 8?  

M   + 4 ! 5 3 8? 2 14 M$ 9 F)

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  8 

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F M  3- 5 2 3E# 5 $ +/   /!-  

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?0 M(1)$ 9 "0# 5 8 # $ 9 + 1 "#

8 ?0 8 ;  324    324 G= F- 

5 5 ;- L 0 5 3 %! ;= 8 ; +N ; 0

8? ; 00#(   59 ?0 6@ 5 5) / M 14

6@ M  % ) 8?   := G= B M 2 !0  14 5

29 I) 5   R  .(2) !# +2O   8 ?0

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.(3)' ;, 1

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   ) 

3 5 @ M$ ! ' '   54 8? $ SR  >9 F

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; + %! ; ; 0 8+ 8 32" :LO +  L?R2 :

0 5 L!/ $@ 3  8? 14 5 G9 /!- 5 +  / 

  M'  '% ) '  &@ 5 G 5 8 F% ) MI  = ) 3 )  =

F++ .!# + .  F 9 L 3 5 S @ 5) (= .(1)"  !0

.(2)$  . ( = G= F+@ F+H

8?   ) 5 L + 3 8  @ 8 84 L L?R2 ?

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3 ) := 0 14 5 G9 /!- 5 +  %! += 52 ;

.(4)"' '% ) ' &@ 5 G 5 8 %

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; G!2 0 8 32 " :LO '9) L?2 5 + 5 & .(2)" 2 !0

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.(4)"8 F1 3 

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L?R 2 : M/ 5 L I  > - ' ' +  _  @ .(5)$

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7 '02 $  5 8? 3#  5)  M; 3 30 $ 

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'  b  =  % 8?

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3- ; F L/- $@ 3" :LO "?" L?R 2 ."   S94

(1)
M0 M; MA 52  M6 - M   @ M(1981) 32  M$-
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; ;= 52 _0?=" : $  5O ! 7   . 8?  

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-  5 ;- ?4 G= -( . 59 52 F LN? 14 :

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R ) : Q

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18

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B       A     &

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5 5 8? .?4 !1 8? 1 3E# 5 2% 8? 30 1 54

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(1)
M1/ M52 M3  M54 8? $ 9 m A-4 - M$ 9 M(2005) ! 5% M89
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+ 3R #  ', SR  5)  #H  5 .+/ = (
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G= 30 +E# 5 F ;2 02  @ 2 .L0) 8 /!- 2 5

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5   >9 8? !#  F 5 _R 5)" :$ 9  9 ?

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' 2) R  ( 8 ;  5 ;0  324 G!2 !,4 5

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5   5-! 

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5 ?4 !0 I "0#( 2 5)  ML 39?) G!2 L / + 4

52  B-  8? F+- !# ; F- ) G= ?4 L 3+- L) :

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F1 I! "0#( 2  .E

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(1)
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29

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@+ "8" #J ./ ? G=  ( $ ! 0N ; 5=

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5= .(4)"Q#) + 52 0  '@ b % R  = ' ',)  : ( MQ#)

$@ $  52 $  %    ;  5  0 

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30

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R  (  M 9 /!- )   /!- 52 0  3, ' = ' = 7 Q#)

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 + R  ( 8 M  /!- % + F M"# 5 "# ) 5

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R  F $0 9 5) &@ 3, .  +0 7 Q#) 0 G9 M  +/!-

' (. ) "# $ "# 3 ;N "# . 4 ;% 5 0 

( 8 ML G!2 S% .  G!2 ;1 +0 . 4 ;% 52 0 L4 '=

@ 5 F, 5 M.  1  +9 8 1 = 5 = 5 5) 

.(4)$ 9  "0# 52 '# 

(1)
.151" MI- > M8- M8  2
(2)
.239" MI- > M. M5
(3)
.222" M; M 9+ / M$ 5 30) M(1984) ) F02 M !2 M?  M  2
(4)
.222" MI- > ) F02 M !2 M?  M  2
31

5  0" :5O  %  L 9  M 8? &@ / 5

"0 ;% F QN 4 I! F 9 +1 I/ 7 8?  

8? 30 6 "# $@ 8 9 /!- 07 G!2 $/  5 8? +!2

L  $@ F- "0#( F2  '   @ 5 F, 5 M;% 2%

.(1)"F(  G=

Q= G!2 F 8 Q2 >- (" :5O 4 ! 3  9  

: ! 5 % 8 ;- 5) 2 G!2 "0#( F 54 8? 4 -

.(2) "... 8-!

/ = /!- 5 0 5) '= ' R  8  8? /  M3 0E#

M+% F2 ) /!- % G= 1 5 +# )   3# ) -

M+92) - A M( F) /  0) 8 +  @=   8? ;

5) 8  $=  F) 5 M 0= ( + - 8 /!- 0 =

M&@  L0   ;2 ( 60=    0 L F2 "# 5  @ 0

@= M8!  ! '?  8 9   324 52 $  %  

( /  @+ '? M60= 8?   3  8 + 0 G= 1 F

.2 5 8? (= =  "# 5 "# ) 52 ;0  2 5

(1)
9 2- M2000/11/27 g -! M$= M1999 - (271) F  5/ M  %  :1
.146" MI- > M$
(2)
. 2 %   M1996/3/1 g 96/119 F  !2 32 :1
32

I! M"# 5 "# ) 5 ;0 !  0 $ 9 +?

5! '?E# 3# "#  M1 ) 8! .1 52 ;0  G4 

 8? ) M"# 8 .1 +1 '@# M 2 1 00# - 8?

.(1)  I? F%! 5 ;0  I!? ,

:  &   2: 5-    :7!  # $ 

: +  + 5 5) 8  '= ' ; L F $@ 3 5 8

 ) 3  L= L! 8 % G!2 )/ $@ ,4  M5 8 ,)

.(2)  )

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'+ S9 -  3  &@ !,) 5 .   ',H  K ( +4 =

'/ .L!2 E-(  0= 3  0 > '  I(  ML?  @#(

 8? 5 F   5O 1951 - 8? $ 9  9 ) @+

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.(3) 

(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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33

9 5) 8+  ;2 G" :5O 4 ! 3  9 8?   

I0 G=  5 = /!- 52 0 @= '+  2 G!2 -  $

.(1)"G!2) = /!-

$   ! 3  F) 5/! 3 $ " :5O 9 '9)

.(2)"8 %   )  = ) := G= .+ $@ $@ 8+

!  5 L @" :5) (  ;)  %  9 5

L!? M5! '9 - "# 7 F  3- 59 82- G= 

.(3)";2  -  M'+ ' R  ( M # 6@ %N F 5)

L) @? M>- 3  $ ! 8 ,4 ;? $ 9 -  ;2

0  E
' ,? .Q#O ) / L0 G!2 ,B )  P0  A 5) 8

.1 I 5 " ( L) F7 '= ' R  51 ) G!2 @ % > 

MF  G= ?9= M$  "0# 5 L) 5 . R  .(4) 9 ;0

5 G9 /!- 5 +  %! ; ;N $  0 ;9

(1)
. 2 %   M1995/3/1 g 98/72 F  !2 32 :1
(2)
. 2 %   M2007/1/17 g 2006/500 F  !2 32 :1
(3)
> M$ 9 2- M$= M2004/5/17 g 125 F  5/ M  %  F :1
.188" MI-
(4)
.465" MI- > M 7  M!
34

5 @ 0 @# ' + ' 5 5) $  "0# 5 R  &@ M 14

.(1)G!2) /!- I0 $) 

 ',H  5)  M'=  5 8 L) MF  '- 3 5

( LN? M&@ $ 3 G!2  F @N? M5 8 %  = ) 3 )  N &@

5)   L? 5/  8? /  8- $ 9  @+ M'= ' 

? &@ !/ M @  = 8? !0 L 5 F, 5 MQ2 >? '9 K

:(2) 52/! !0  3! 5--) 502

( 8  -  8 ML? 5/  52  ,H   .1

.  Q2 I/ 5  ',H :

+ 324 5N? &@ G!2 b  .L-  ,H := !  3 5) .2

5@ I F =   (  @# I- 8 9 @ 

:324 6@  59 5 5) - 5 L)  .50

59 ; @# 8  5 2 8 : 9 + 324 ^)

',H  ( 324 6@ M$=  0 '+   - 7

.(3)  +? 5/ % ( M 

(1)
.239" MI- > M. M5
(2)
.1173" MI- > M$- :52 E
' 
(3)
.1019" MI- > MB?  M+ :52 E
' 
35

;0 + ! 59 8 324 8 : !0 4   ^

 M@ +/  P! ) 5 - L-B G= ; A 5

% 8? ,H := 9 @= ) M59 @  F   6@ 

.(1)  +? 5/ 3 =  P0 +N? ?4

, 5 +4 ' ',)  ( 32) 8 : 0 E 324 ^

3+- G!2 0 +4   +? 5/ 3 E? -  @ =

 ,4 5 E? !-  G=   ( MI- $  @

.(2)(
'  +!2

- 5- 59 8  I?! F1 = 3  : !#  ^

F+1 + 8? 5 -B @# 8  M/ F1

.F+1 - 3,4 I/ 51 0 MI? 8? 3 F- !

% ( 8 M   59 5 3# (  5 S @

.(3)?d  % 8? ,B ( + $ 9 F) + 5/

(1)
.1019" MI- > MB?  M+
(2)
.147" MI- > MP0  M$
(3)
.147" MI- > MP0  M$
36

5   8 

      

)  = @#(  /!- + > 8 E0" :LO "0#( 5 .

F  $=  @#  /!- >/- ( 8 M(1)"  324 5 3 F

.(2)L,) 8 /!- "0# 8? E

' #  @ 3, @# 5

&! 5 0 5)  ( M'2  '0 $  5 8 ML!2

LN? 60N "# 7 5  0 @N? M  /!- 92) 5 60N "0#(

"0#( 2 R  ML? 5/   < '9 M"0#( F2  ' 5

5 .(3)L4 '1   5/! 8-  A! + @#) 8  3) 5 @

89! 5) 8  F F1 I! $  5) 5  5  "0#(

L,N G2  F F   G!2 5/  8? L- ! 5 L  I $

.(4)62 92 8?

(1)
.360" M1/ M  M  - M  8?    = - M(1983) 0 M$%
(2)
.182" M1/ M  M$ 5 M(1999) 8!2  M5- 3H
(3)
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(4)
.151 " MI- > MP0  M$
37

( ?d  % 8? ;  ,B 8   0= 5) 304

% 8? !   ? 8 F+ ;  3 5 51 3 

.(1)8! F   +  P0

F 5O 8 "0#( F2 := a50 Q= "0#( F2 @#O

5O '!- "0#( F2 5   ML= - F "0# 8?  0N  0

L) 5 8? L00# I/ 8? 3# ( L) L '2  0= 8? /!- 0 >

.(2)L "#

+!2 3 8  5  $  @# 8? "0#( 5 #

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;? F+9 L  M  4 6@+ 8--4 5 @ 81 @ .5 F 5O $

G!2 ; 5! 5 54 "# 5 8? !4 ; $ 5 8? "0#(

.(3)5 8 .0 ; 

ML- 5@ "# 4  8? "0#( !  2 0 5

.L- "0#( 04 5 5% 5 3  &@ M+ 8 >9 8?

:8  G!2 : ) 8? &@ 3-

."0#(  8? 80#  0 :34 :

(1)
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(2)
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(3)
.252" MI- > M. M5
38

."0#(  8? 829 0 :8, :

."0#(  8? 8% 0 ::, :

. "0#(  8? 8 0 :> :

  5-! 

 -  *   

0= F7 5 F+ % 5@ ?4 "0#(  8? 80#  0 3,

:+) 3 M  / ,E, 3E# 5 80#  0 @ 3 F- M  

F, 5  :+, M8! .1 1 3E# 5 304 3 5 "0#( -

.:, !/ 8? &@ "0#(  3!

: 8  )?  ? :  # $ 

5)  8 SR   8 + ) "#  5 $  0 5) 

0 /!- 6@ , M(1)  ;= 52 ! /!- 8   0 5

2 .  8 M   @= L!  0  '? 5 @= L  

 M5   .3  ) 5  2 G!2  0 5 ;0 

/  L!2 3 P0) :   G= 9 2   M9 5 L /

2 +  2 @+ .' 29 5! "# ; 3 5 0 .0

?0 5E/ &@ G!2  M"# 5 8? !4 2 ;1 "0#(

(1)
.306" MI- > M5!- M$/
39

F  ) "# 5 ;0  F ME

' / ' 5R 2 $@ ; 3 5 ;0

.8! .1 ; ;2 6@  5)  &@ > M(1)' E/= 5

0 F $@ ) ' ' 5R 2

q $@   8  ) 8! .1 0 @

  E- A-) .(2) !- L ;0 324 R  &@ > ' E/=  L

:8J  G!2 &@ M34 - !# L ;0

:  1,   :2 .

"# 7 .1 R  ( 8 ;1 S94 @#4 ;1 6@ 9 p-

5 F L) : M> ?4 - (

'  3/ L  5 @= (= '!? '1

)  5- .1 @ 5 @= 2 1   L  5E/ - &= F

.1 32  6@ 8? R  M?4 P0  +2 F 1 6@ 54 +-

.(3)+ + 3 8 ;1 S94 '@#H '0 (E

' / ' 5)

5O $ L +!2 - 8 m 5" : 4 ! 3  3 &@

5 L  5) &@  ,  0 R  8! .1 + F 8 

.(4)"E
' /

(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
M1973 - 2  M54 5  ! M72/106 F  9 8? 4 ! 3  :1
.168"
40

:<" 1,   :2 

5 A '1 '-  I? - ;9 G!2   E- 

 L 0  5 () % 3 M' 0 ' 5R 2   0 5 5) $9

3 @= M8# %  M -4 5 -  /!- #  8? @ : M' E/=

- 5O M 9 + - 8? /!- &! 3 5 ?4  +!

G @+ MI- A-4 G!2 2  F+ ;0 324 5? M  I?

2 5- 5/ + F 8 32d - -? 8?  A! F) 0

9   M(1);#4   3E# - ! %7 2 - /!- 

.(2)G4   2 ) - 8 .1! - 4 F '9) L

 >?  A ! I? 3 !/ - 84 _( ;? 8? L= :

>? 8#( - .-  5 M ! - + F  3  G= 5/

@#  5/ 5 !o  ! 6@ 5)   A! F) Q2 5#

 A! 5) 7 M 1 6@+ 0# 7 ( !) +) F! > 5# 7 8? 

&! 8?   - "0#( F  7 ;0  R 2 @# 6 8?

A '!? 50# 5/ 2  A! 5) 8  M8,- .1  ;

(1)
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.310" MI- > M5!- M$/ :52 E
'  .6B92)  $@ $! A! 3 !
(2)
.1176" MI- > M$- :52 E
'  .  115" M1954/ M  324 MA--
41

6@ M -  M ,- .1  8? 3, / 8! "0#( @+ M'

.(1)  A!  /!- /= 8? 3# / 

52% 5@ R ,? M, ( G!2 I- ) 8- $ 9 IR /

! @= 2    F+2) 5 507 5 2   $) 5 /!-

 %   M(2)"# 4  ! &! M.  5) 5 ( 2 I?

 0 5) 5 /!- G!2 8- + 3? M ! )    52 ,

( + F +O % !  5 M 2  - S9d '? +

F+R 2 5@ 51 R  8 M(3)  B /!- 8+? 8 M /!- 1( + 0

5 8? ) .(4)50# 51 5 ;0 F+2) R  M3 G 52 51

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5 5)  3 MF .1 0 - 8   I/   /!- Q= )

  .(5)5 0# /!- 5  5! '? 2  / F  1 8? L

 ;4 (= 304 O  ( .1! 81 % 5) G!2 5 9 L -

F $@ "#   M8! .1 /  @ 5 G,- M5  ' ;

(1)
.241" MI- > .  115" MI- > M  324 MA--
(2)
.241" MI- > .370" M2/ M3/ M 8
(3)
. -   1870 - 4 F% G!2 - 8 8/ S?  M8- g 5 &@ 3,
.1176" MI- > M$- :52 E
' 
(4)
.1176" MI- > MA--
(5)
> M$ ME .241" M2/ M  M8  # 5 M(1998) 32 M8//
.215" MI-
42

7 !-O ) L- ! 5 1 6@+ ; 00#(  ?  1 G!2 L-

M' E/=  L 0 F )  ) n/#  L 0 $@ "#  +? M8

7 52 0 +  ( !/ L2 ;0 ?0  R  5) 

.(1)F .1 0 L2 3% "#

:  I8  :  # $ 

8 Q#4  2  5 60 "0#( 5 52 : /

5  ( &@ M"0#( 8?  5 5 L P-  2 6@ %) 5 ML? ,B

. 9 L/ ML 1 62 5 M"0#( 8?  0 5

8? - L00# 5  - "0#( 0 + 5)  0

5) 8- 5 8? ; ;2 M(2)#H ? G= 3- 5 5 S 8? )  O-

M(3)  2! .# /!- 3  5) M' % ' 5 5)  /!- 

% @= L) G!2 M304 .1 L- 5)  '0# "0#( 5 > &@ I

I!# $@  SR  54 ML= F 5 " E? + /!-  SR 

5 F &@ 3? @N? M - 2  8? L- L 5  $@  M"0#(

6%) @= (= '2  5 ( ? M"0#( A - 5 3# = '9

(1)
.111" MI- > M. M5
(2)
.50" M1/ M M   M  /!- 8?  M(1986) 8- 8  2 MZ 2
(3)
.50" MI- > M8- 8  2 MZ 2
43

6@ 0 !   )  .(1)$0  A! 6)   SR 

8? (= L?  L2 3% % ( 5  $@ "0#( 5)" :9 : m

.(2)" 8? "# 5 , 5   5 8? 5 L G!2 

:5/ &!- LN? M 2 $0 SR  F1

o  

.(3)5 "0# F1 - %   8?  F ) L) : 

&@ 3, .2/ 5 S/ 8? /!-  F) F1 '0# ' 0) L) : 

; " @= . 0 00#( 8?  5O 8? 1967 - (42) F  5

 L # 00#(  + 5) + A" :L) G!2 L G4

MF+ 8? 5 ) M%  ) M% ) M% A ) ML G=  

.(4)"51? )

8? R  5) + A $0 SR  %) 8 00#( 3,

- 5 ;- 00#( ) M  5 5 ;- 00#( +-

(1)
@= L) M9 L + @#) 8 ;2 5)" :3 $@ 1955 A 14 8? 0 $0  A! F
3% 5) + % E? MP! 5 ) - m G9 5 "0#  /!- 5 /!- /)
+ '  A M+!2 '  '  5 @2 "0#( ;  54 MQ#) + ) /!- G= L?  ) L2
;  5 : M"0#( 8? ' 9 59 5 5 @=  &@ 5 8,- L) (= M- L + 5) %
> M5!- M$/ :52 E
'  ."... 5 5 ;  '- +=  + 5  6@ 8? "0#(
.355" MI-
(2)
.356" MI- > M5!- M$/ :52 E
'  .1564" M  - M1959 -  27 8? 0 +
(3)
:L) G!2 " 8 M3R $0 ! ; 5 1979 - (43) 5 5 (31) ; :&@ 3,
) M2- F - ) M 1? F2 - G= ) L G= L00# L/!-   5) 1?!"
."Q#4 !  -B ) MP0 -B G=
(4)
.00#( 8?  5O 8? 1967 - (42) F  5 MG4 ;
44

- %) 3 8? M- L!0 $@  G!2 (= +?  L % E? M; 

.(1)- +9 8  F /   G= O! 5) A!!? +- 8? 

A % 5@ 5 -B I/ 5 $0 SR  >-
R  Q#)  5

1967 - (42) F  5 %) @= ML00#  - 8? F+=  +

8? 5 %  G4  :5? F % 5 F 5  5) + A

 I  8? + A I >- @ M51? ,  MF+

) M51? b -  8? % % A /!-   G!2 A MF1 8?

--B ) + -B   P0 $ -B ) M% E

0 5)  80# + _- ( 8?  5) "0# @+ L F!- M 

.0 3 2 6@+ # 3 M67 R  5) L A!?  ) M304 5

.(2)"0#( F ' 5 .E# G!2  5 0

5 5 /8 ; 5 -" LO 4 ! 3  F 8?    F/

5)  M  A I G/2)  SR  5) 2001 - 42 F   B - 

 ) L F 5 "# 4 +  8? + 5) M0 3- G!2 L00# 

 A I 84 SR  / F .(3)"..L1 I/ 8? 3  8? 5 )

(  5= @= ML= L00# > 3 L! 3 "# 4 (B 5 ' R ) 3 5O

(1)
.  0 + - 5 (144 M82 M137) 
(2)
.322" MI- > M 5!- M$/
(3)
. 2 %   MM2008/6/13 g 2008/55 F  4 ! 3   :1
45

(   /!-  G= 00#(  Q (= M;  '% (= 5

.(1)&@ G!2 5 " L- I @= (= ' %

.(2)1992 - (116) F  5  $  F1 ? M8 SR  )

 ) % A! A  8? % A! /!- G!2 L  ; 0  

M% 5 +92) !7) +- 5 8 00# A ) % ) ) %

. % 5! ) % )  8? % A! A /!- G!2 '9) 0

) ;% E ) 51? )  8? % /!- G!2 -# ; 0

.+!2 .  8  --B + = A )  + -B

/!- 2- ;% 3  8? ;% 3 /!- G!2 - ; 0

:8!  @ 5! - PE 5 . $  8? #4

L!2 b  .F+=  "# 4 + &@ :;8  *  1'0  E - :2 .

.5 F) # E

' / R   &! %  $)

) b 9  ' +? ;- m 5 5) F! 5? :! % I8  .!! F  :2 

 L .0 .1! '0# ' A "0#(? M"0#E 0#  -

(1)
.74" MI- > M$ ME I!
(2)
5 F &@ 3 : M  8?  00#( 8?  5O  92/116 F  5 F- 
&@ 8? 8 SR  &= F2 G= &@ 8? - >   ML) 62 5 ! 3 >  &
51 2 !  $ %+  0 G= ?9 M$ F1 !2 8? % 6  4  
0 5) G=    8? $  F1 @#O 8 SR  5 : M8   > 
.  00#( 8?  5O  @ 5 F-
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&@ % "  @= (= 6- L + ( ML- L- 5 L!2  = M

. 0

"  @ 5  !2 % $@ "? :1 & .!! F  :2  

.30d "0#(  $@

8?  !2 % 8  > 8?  : :<&0  I8  .!! F  :2 !

8 SR  5) G!2 >/ 3  3  M(00#( ) ;2 "0#(

.L   .) > I $@ )  M8%  ) @#)

.(1)82  8 SR  %) :2 "

5 5) /  2 &@ P0  ) 8 SR  @#) :!  $* :2 ""

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.(3)L=  5  0 G!2 '( 60 g 5 @= 

8?  : M+=  + G!2 8 SR  /  :' % I8  '0  3 :2 !"

&@ G!2 " 2 SR  3? '- M"+=  + G= s!" :5O ;  ;

(1)
+  5) "0#( += ? 8 +! 5 : " " : 82  0
 8  8?  @ 5 5) G!2 M&@ 8? +9? 8 + + @) @= L  8? + G4
-  MP0 :1 .L/   F1   M3 !0 9 ' ? "# %
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(2)
( &@ M" 9 + 5 8  G !q  0" :119/92 F  F- 8? - ; 8? 
.$   % ( L)  M89  %
(3)
9 2- M1989/4/16 -! M$= M1988 - 213 F  5/ M  %  F :1
.102" MI- > M$
47

- +) 82R  M B- 5 3- 8? +=  + + ( G 0

F! F !  G 5 . ! F!2 + A ) M ! E2 +

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! +!2 , 304 + 1 #- 8?   G!2  O I/ 52 F

.

3 8 SR  5)  116/92 F  5 F- 3E# 5 :I8  C; :2 

5 G9 F+00# 5 $)  8?   "# ) ) +

@= M  --B ) M + ;= A! &@ 5 G,- L)  5 Q 5 MP!

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(= 67 G= + R ? 8 00#(  >/- ( L=  5= @= 82

.&@ 8? 9 + ? 

SR  5= @= :I8  +  $ I8  !,  ;8  1 " 3 :2 "

; !/  3 5 9 00#( - F2 G!2 0 " 8

.(1)

5 .E# 3 S9 @ 54 M 0 &@ G!2 " 2 SR  3? '-

M ;? ,) 9 00#( A  304 5) Q 5 F+? ML

5) Q M ;? ,) 9 00#( - 30d % ( L) 5#H Q

(1)
G= +00#  +2 8 +! % (" :+?  : 116/92 F  5 F- 5 - ;
." 5- ,) 00#( 6@ ;  - ! ' ? Q#) +
48

 ; !/ 9 L00# - 5 304 5 54 0 @#) SR 

.S9 @ 8? L=    5   9 > 5) LO 5

+!2  /!- 5) 304" :5O  %  9 MI-  '/

" & 5 @= (= +? R  ( +- P! 5 + 8 +00# -

5 L) M5@J "  N ) L .+ + ) L +  8+ M&@ + 5@O

@= (= ML= '- ;0    = >- &@ 5N? M5@J "  = '@= 

.(1)";@? 0 G +N?  5@J " > I 9 6@ 

(1)
9 2- M2000/11/27 g M$= M1999 - 271 F  5/ M  %  F :1
.192" MI- > M$
49

: -  :5   # $ 

%) 5 M 0   G-   %E /!- G!2 % /!- A

.(1)3! G-  0

52 -4 5 - '%2 304 "0#( 0 P0 5) M3! 0

> A #H .1 L! 3?  ) F % 0 5O ML00# -

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;  (= % (   ML! 3 $@ 304 .1 "0# 3   5) F

!- 3! R  .L? R ?  G!2 L00# 0 M304 .1 "0# 

.(3)/ F1  I? - 59

8? ' #   5) - 304 "0#( 0 7  8? 5 3!?

2 5 "0#( @ - 8? L! 3 M '= F) M  ;% 

5) M" 5 5)  ( 3! .304 00# +- 8 L00# 5 SR 

L1 5)  ( "0#( % 8? .(4)  B ;0 5 3! M 0 L-) 5

.(5)' E
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(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
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;2 "0#( 3% $B ( ; + 5) 8-  A! R ? M5  @#(

.(1)5 @ 2- 8? L7 52 SR  _0?=  8 ; 6@ 5) M 2

SR  R  52 5 .  @= (= 3/ F G= B ; # 5 (

; SR   5) 3 @ 5 .?4 !0 /  ;  @= ) M&@ 8? /

+ A!? ; 6@ 9 @N? M %E + ?0  G!2 0! 0 /!-

.(2) 0 G!2  ; 89 5 3  '7 M"0#( @ A 5)

(1)
.437" M 2 MF1933 3= 7 8? 0 8-  A! F
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69

F   = $ 9  M    F2 ) I! ?

3 52 '?  G ) ' ) '% 5 60 5) g! L, 5 L 5 @= M"0#(

.(1) ) F  ) 3! )  3 5) )

 ^ -  5) " :+ + F 8? 4 ! 3  9  

,) 8? 3 4 ;% 3 1 R+ F 3 4 ;% 34 .0 81 5

F1980/3/25 g 0  (  5) F! > M;% 3 5 - 5 ^L7

( 5? MF1980/3/28 g 5 '2 L7 ) $@ ML!2 A) G!2 6 ,) 8?

5 M  ;0 3 4 ;% 3 L1 E

'  - 5 ( 8 F1! '#

8? + 8? &@ 9  .(2)";% 3 7 5 ' 0 6@+ L F -

;   32/12 F  5 5 , ; 5  ; 5) :" 64/9 F  9

@= G  >? )  >9 g 5 5+ 0 ) 894 G!2 2% 8? 1

5 @+ . 1 F  9! M3# 5) .0 G!2 > 9

6 5 M3# E0 L? L 5 F   8? S% 8? 3#  34 69 G2-

.(3)"5 .# - @+ L 5/

. O- 6@ "0#  9 F) G!2 : , F @

(1)
M E/ #! 8 % M  9 M34  M84 $ 9 M(1995) /# 8!2 M$/
.572" MG4 / M52
(2)
.431" MF1981 M5  ! M81/22 F   M ) !2 32
(3)
2 M1" M1965 - (1)  M54 5  ! M64/9 F  9 8? ! 3  F
.244" M1 M! 3   m
70

:!"  %  1   90% 3 :  # $ 

;9 '!/ 3- G=   ,H = 5 "0#( 2 3

..!# /!- G!2 .!- 5 2 &@ 8? 54 E -

  5) - ;% 8? 924 %! % ( "0#( 2 '%

( +!# ;% 5 G ;% - 3  L) + F!o- ;2? M  (
' 2)

F+  (= #O 3 ( 8  4 .0 (= 5!- % &!

O  8 @ /#d ' L) (= .(1) < !  8% "0#( F2  

A .! 5) G!2 $- . Q +- )   = - F 8? p 52

G-  +2) I/  ; ;% .O 5) G= F 8?  ;% 

324 8  324 8? '   324 0 M"  324 .0"

+ 6@ ? G!2   8? B= I! +=  + G=  8 

 . = Q- % +!2 A ( 8  324 .0 M51 5

9   G= @# .1  !- ;%  >9# ( 6@ 8? ...

. % B-     5? - $

: 5 "0#( )" 5) G!2 " $0 $ 9  F 8?

  () LH   % 5) ML# G!2 I( 5 ( F F1 '! ' 2 6R 5%

.1 3 = 34 &@ 8+ M&@ L? L % $@ 34  L1 "0# .1

(1)
.485" MI- > M(1982) 5- M3!#
71

"0# G= 6 L00# % (= M&@ "#  L7E= L!0? ) L  )

.(1)"L!#

(+ )) L I 8 % ; 3 = + ) ? 52 $=  0 5=

) M8+ L  0= 3 =  .1 0 5O MLE0 - +9

) -( /  ; L E2 5 5)  =  .1 0  A

."0#( F2  '  3  M(2)2 G!2  ) 1 ?

%   R 2 @=" :+ + F 8? 4 ! 3  )  

&@ 2 @= L4 MF( 3 L!2 - ( 5- ; - % 82- /2N

 R +4 E

'  Q2  R   M 4 82- - - G= $B-

60= 52 : F 6 8? -!  F %  54 M  ; ?

.(3)"

: 1  & &    :5   # $ 

;   G!2  00#( % G!2 %  ;? 0 (

@= M5 8% Q ; 7 Q#4 (! - , = M /!- % 

8?  8  @# +!#   # 8?  /!- ;< 5) ;2 

E
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(1)
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(2)
M3  M 4 F F) L/ F $  M(  - 5) F My   M5!- M -/
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72

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.(1)E
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7!  5-! 

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0 G!2 $@ F! < SR   "0#(  8? 8 0 3,

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:   9-.    " :  # $ 

5  F! = ) > G!2 F+00# - ; 3  SR   )

 + MF+ % ML % A! A ML  A M,-

.(2)L00# 8? 3# ? F+ 3 M...

5 5 G!2 F1 ) 5 " @=" :L) G!2 5 9 L - :

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o = M5 &@ 8? 60N %! 5 +N? ML?  0z 5) ; G!2 5R

(1)
.103" MI- > MF My   M5!- M -/
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73

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3 0 8? ,B (  0 5 @ F2 5N?  0 5 5  89

+  0q ;   5 7 5 8?  0= 5) 304 54 M

.(2)" @ 3 0 8? ,) L A L1

: "   4$  - :  # $ 

A 5 6 5) ; 3 % ( $@ 8 I/ SR    ',

( Q#) 1? I/ 8? =  0 5) F! = 1? % ( : ML00#

.(3)L ) L  8 I/ Q 5)  )  A! A

81 "0#(" 5) ) @= $0 $ 9  ) @ G=  )

@  G/# .1 $4 % ( F, 5 ML 5 5 /  = .1 3

.1 3! 5 5) /  MI? 5B G!2  + 5 .! (= "0#(

.1 5 3 F 5 + 6@ 5R  5) ML!2 5 L7  8? "# L!% 3

.(4) "...34

=  @# G!2 ; 3 ; F2" :LO 8 "0#( F2 .R

1? I! ' 0 5) E

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2 #  8? &@ .8 L00# I/ 52 # 1? 6@ 54 MI

(1)
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74

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"0#( 2 52 L# , 5) 52/ >/- $@ $   = 

.(1)8

"0# 0 :" :+ + F 8? 4 ! 3  9  

8? 5 "# ) 5 5R S% F G= 3 5O Q ;= 5  .0

G=   8? 5 5 5R .E# N ' .R0 0) @N? M 

.(2)6B = 5 L00# %  5? MF

F : 5)  .; F- 84 9 52 ;0 9 F4 5) 1E

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(1)
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0# +  M; 8? ? )  /!- 5 $  SR  3

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E

.(2)+00# 8?

"0#( &! 5 0 5)  ( ' 2  '0 $  5 8 ML!2

,B @  5 +N?   0 .  /!- 92) 5 60N

;  3 5 51 3  ( +O '!2 M?d  % 8? ; 

  +  P0 % 8? !   ? 8 F+

.(3)8! F

  = !/ I! 2011/12/28 g  %  52 0 F 8?

 1 G= F- ) A 1 5!7  4 A!  4 '1 16  $=

'/     L? 5/  5= :" :L?  ,H 5 &@ G!2   ;=

F ) 52/ 5= @= MF+  G!2 5/ +!  8 1 G!2 ! +/ 8 

#  '  5 @+ M   5 3B G!2 30 8? F+

 F 2008/1/28 g .F P0 7 +  +4 /!- 3- - 5

F  .-( F @ 8? 52/ 5/ ... Q2 1 '( +00# F G) 

F O .-( ? .-(  9 2009/1/26 g .$= 2008/136

$) +? ) ;@  2) % I/ F @ 8? 52/ 5/ ..O-

(1)
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L2 - F, 5 L2 P0    L? 5/  5) - G!2 .5/ ?

1981 - 20 F  ; 6@  = 5 5 G4 ; " '/  ; "0#

G=    L/ L? 5/  5) 5 8? 1982 - 61 F  5 3

 8? @ F 81  F!- 8? F- A 1 ! 1 8 ;=  1

!/ 3# 8 M     L 5) 52 .    O L2 8  ; 

.6% - L! 1 @ .E# G= F @  ; "0# 8? 6B =

 = !/ 5 5= M  6@ 9 8?  5) &@ ML! 8? 8 @ 5= @=

&!  @=  ; "0# 52 # M5 51  ;0 

 .1 3  8 ,4 := G=  + ;= + +  

(O /  &@ 5) (= MF I? - 5- 3  L!/ 3! '1  B ;0

  I4 "# 4 I /7 G= L/ 8? .+   ' L/ 8?  8#

; M+!2  ! 5- 51 30 5 !! ) M+ 5- 51 5

.L) S% 3  / G= 1 8  ; "0#  8?

5 G= .0 M    8? 5/ 1 "#  ; 5= :

M+!  8 5 G!2) 1 .1 ! 3  L 5 G!2)   8? .1

S9 8? .L? 5/ F % E

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78

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."(1)F0#!

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A '0           N :  # $ 

:

(2)
"0#( F2 = a50 Q= "# 7 52 $  0 @#O

5   ML= (
o = 60= "0# - F $= 92 ) + 5  0 5O 8

L) + '2 5  @# 5 $= 92 ) = + > 5O '!- "0#( F2

.(3)60N "0# 0 +) 5 8? +00# I/ 8? 3# (

I! 80#  0 :+ 02 ; "# 52  0 ;? 

I! 829 02 & M =  0= F7 5 F+ % 5@ ?4 

8% 0 & 5)  M0 5) $ 9! % 8   

;  &@ 8 0 '#) M$  0= LE# % $@   

.(4)+? L00#   5) ; 3 8 

3 -? 3- G= - (  < ! 2  7   R 

5)  M?d '  n  ( 2 ;2 !/  5= @= M&@ 89 G= -

(1)
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79

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3, - /!- 32) 9 5) G= ?9 M9 F)   8/ 60 

@ G!2 .  L  = AB 32) G!2  5 $ A 5 8?

.(1)8( 8- F!1 F)  A-4

G!2   - )  ? M   -  = ;< 5)   5

5 F ;- G!2 3 5) 34 ;  54 + $# "0#  ( ;

5)   3 8? +!?  - )  5- 5 #  @N? ML / 8? +?0 5 5)

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8? ; I   &@ 52 32 L) (= 5% 5 +!2 G9 +   3 8? 2  7

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54 8 ,O +2= 8? 0 2  7  !  5N? ,H 5 L!2 

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.(3)',H +E# 

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0 %! ;= G!2 L@ 3 E? 3 )  8? O/#  L, M  3 8? L0

5/! E
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8? .&@  8 2 8? ;  5 L- 8 M5O  $@ 5  

$=   ( L4   $) 8? O/# P0 5) ; + % ( G4 

= F 5) ? ,  8? ) M8 2 8? - L!2 > 8 G

P0) 0 - (= 5! .#  0 g 5 ' 5- 3E# -

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F2    $  ,H 5  '9) % 5  ( 3 @ 8?

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M$ 32  G= 3 M(3) L0 5    6@ 8? M(2)F 

.L/ L 5/ %? M/- "0# F2     )

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;- /!- 5 +  5 L!/ $@ 3  8? %! += 52  + _0?=

M  !0   L!2 :2 5 M5 8 ,) := 0 P! 5 5

M3 M - M   M3  M"0#( :8 -# 5) ? F%!  E-

(1)
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81

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  5-! 

   

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M @+ -  8 M @ - + - /!- )  ;0 

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M ;0 ; + 5 '=   5   M @+ 89    8

.'2 / ,E, 3E# L F-  @  @ 3 F  

:F8  :  # $ 

G!2 )/ 5 8 ,) : +  + 5 ' = ' ; 0 2

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F!  5 0  8? 5 F   5O M1951 - 8? $ 9

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(1)
M$ 9 2- M1997/4/7 -! M$= M1996 - 155 F  5/ M  %  F :1
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R  51 ) G!2 @ % >  0  E

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.(2)G!2) /!- I0 $)  5 @ 0

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$ "0# 3- 2 $) 8? ; O/# 3 8? M; /!- 3- 0 8

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83

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2 >  34  +- (F 5 % - ;) G4 9 G2- 5=

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R  5 .# ) G4  ? G2- $@ - @ M  @ ?

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L 8 5 2 G!2 L) ) 8? L# - >  2  52  #

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G 3/  5) $) E 0 '  n  '!?  L) (= ML  8 #

L)   M"0#( @ + 5 L N 89  0 G 6,H > ' '@?

>  '1 L!2 + ;  8 ,J > L!2  M60= @ '0 5

F  '0 60 R  $=  3 5= @= M 0 E-  5   L

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L! -( 0  @ 3, G!2 89 5) )  5 >9 5= :

3) 5  6@+ 'R #  8% I/ L = Q2 SR   ? MF!-  F

5 ; 5/ ; 3E# L!2  F @= :  S94 E -

MF!-  ,   P0) 5/ 3- I!7){ M; ? !0 0

?4 ; 5 SR  Q-   .60= @ '0 5   6,H K) 6@ -

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M  ;2    F!-  ,  < 3 3/  ;0

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@= M !-  8 1  &! > ;- F G!2 +! ( ,4 @ 3, 

>? F,  1  G= -( ;0   5/ ?d 5

S( 9 G!2 -  $?  @  2 9 F) +2  F

? 5)  3/ $  L @ 5 5   1  I/ 52

/ 5) L!? (
'  5 @N? M6@ 52 F $@ 9 52  / 5) 5/ ; L!2

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0# F  L   !/ 52 3-  6@ 8?  / I 5) L F!- 5=

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5 L!0 5= @= M  4 8? L- ) L 5 G!2)  67 5  5/! Q2

G >? 8? L ' -? L! (  4 8? L) 5 5 0 = 54 ;) ;1 5/

; E
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;  L 5 G!2)  G= 89 >? % ( 8 9 3E- 5 5 ()/20)

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87

( 5) 8? 52/! 4 !0 G= ?9= M  &! 8? L! G!2 - :E, 9 3

A! /!- 5) '0 5 5= L= .... ;  8? L > @= 5 89 L

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3E- 5 5 (14) ; F ; '9 L  "#  +- 8 

8? " L  F ? ;9 G!2 $- $@  # F1 FO '9) ; M9

( /14) ; /  ... 9 3E- 5 5 (43) ; E

' 2 9 3E- 5

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EB 5! +- - 8? L # 5 5! ;9 5  L ) G!2)

30 (L  5/) 89 3 '9 5R 2 34 82- 5= : M+@ !

'9 L Q $@ (L  5/) 89 3 I 8? ;% ;+ G!2

A 34 82- >? Q 5 8? M --  5 , - 8? 1980 F2 E
' 0)

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82- 54  4 8? L!2 F 5) ) 34 82-  5 G!2)  8? (L

F 8, 82- 5)  M > 8? (L  5/) 89 5 F ) 34

E? M-  G!2 L0 -  4 3 5 ,   34 82- G!2

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93

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95

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