THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

2023/24Academic year

MA110: MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Tutorial sheet 1

THE TRIGONOMETRIC FORM OF COMPLEX NUMBER

1. Express each complex number in trigonometric form, where 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋

a) −2 + 2𝑖 b) −4 − 4𝑖 c) −3𝑖 d) −4

2. Express each complex number in trigonometric form, where 0 ≤ 𝜃 < 360

a) −√3 − 𝑖 b) −4 − 4√3𝑖 c) −2

3. Change the given complex number from trigonometric form to 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 form

a) 4(𝑐𝑜300 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛300 ) b) 5(𝑐𝑜𝑠1200 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛1200 )

5𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 11𝜋
c) 3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) d) 1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
4 4 6 6

4. Find the product 𝑧1 𝑧2 by using the trigonometric form of the numbers.

Express the final results in 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 form . Check by using directly method
1 √3
a) 𝑧1 = √3 + 𝑖 𝑧2 = −2√3 − 2𝑖 b) 𝑧1 = 1 + √3𝑖 𝑧2 = − − 𝑖
2 2

c) 𝑧1 = 8 + 0𝑖 𝑧2 = 0 − 3𝑖 d) 𝑧1 = 5√3 + 5𝑖 𝑧2 = 6√3 + 6𝑖

5. Use De Moivre’s theorem to find the indicated powers. Express results in

𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖
15
√2 √2
a)(1 + 𝑖) 20
b) (− 2 + 𝑖)
2
 𝜋 𝜋 10
c) [2(𝑐𝑜𝑠500 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛500 )]6 d) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
8 8

6. Find the indicated roots. Express the roots in 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 form if they are
exact. Otherwise, leave them in trigonometric form

a) The three cube roots of 8 b) The four fourth roots of −8 + 8√3𝑖

9 9√3𝑖
c) The five fifth roots of 1 − 𝑖 d) The two square roots of +
2 2
7. (a) Use Moivre’s theorem to simplify the following expressions

(i) cos2  i sin 2 cos5  i sin 5 

cos 7  i sin 7
(ii)
cos 2  i sin 2

  2 2 
5 4
 
 cos  i sin   cos  i sin 
(iii)  3 3  3 3 
 
2

 cos  i sin 
 6 6

8. (a) Find the cube roots of 2  2 i

2 32i
(b) (i) Express in the form r cos  i sin 
3 i

2 32i
(ii) Hence find fourth roots of .
3 i

9. Find the modulus and the argument of the complex number

4
    
 3  cos 6  i sin 6 
 
z .
 
2

 cos  i sin 
 4 4

 
3

 cos  i sin 
10. Simplify  7 7
 
4

 cos  i sin 
 7 7
 81  i 
11. Let z  be a complex number.
2

(i) Express z in the form r cos  i sin  , 0    2 .

(ii) Hence find the cube roots of z.
  5 5
12. Let z  4 3  cos  i sin   4 cos  i sin 
 3 3  6 6 

(i) Express z in the form r cos  i sin  .

2 3
z z z
(ii) Show that
 i      2i
8 8 8
13. Find the cube roots of 2  2 i

2 32i
(b) (i) Express in the form r cos  i sin 
3 i
2 32i
(ii) Hence find fourth roots of .
3 i

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

1. Prove the following identities

a) coth2 x  1  cos ech2 x

b) sinhx  y   sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y

c) cosh3 x  4 cosh3 x  3 cosh x

cosh 2 x  1
d) tanh 2 x  .
cosh 2 x  1

e) sinh 2x  2sinh x cosh x

2. Solve the equations for real values of x .

a) sinh x  4  4 cosh x c) cosh2x  7 cosh x  7  0

b) 4 tanh 2 x  sec hx  1 d) sinh 2 x  5 cosh x  5  0

e) sinh 2 x  3 cosh x  3 f) 3sinh x  cosh x  1

POLAR COORDINATES

1. Plot the indicated ordered pairs as points in a polar coordinate system.

Then find all the polar coordinates of each Point
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
a) (3, ) b) (4, ) c) (−2, ) d) (−3, )
4 3 3 6
2. Plot the following points (given in polar coordinates) . Then find all
the polar coordinates of each Point
a) (2, 𝜋⁄2) b)(2,0) c)(−2, 𝜋⁄2) d)(−2,0)

3. Sketch the graph of each of the polar equation

a) 𝑟 = 1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 b) 𝑟 = 2 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 c) 𝑟 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 d) 𝑟 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃⁄2)

e)𝑟 2 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 f) 𝑟 2 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃

4. Change each equation to polar form

a) 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 c) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 = 0
d)𝑥 2 = 4𝑦

5. Change each polar equation to rectangular form

4
a) 𝑟 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 b) 𝑟 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 c) 𝑟 =
2+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
5
d) 𝑟 =
2−3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃