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Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) What is electricity? 1)
A) flow of protons B) flow of electrons
C) flow of neutrons D) flow of atoms

2) Which of the following does not have the same number of electrons when compared with the rest? 2)
A) O2- B) Mg 2+ C) F D) Ne

3) Which of the following has 8 electrons in the outer shell? 3)

A) S2+ B) Fe 3+ C) Ca2+ D) Cl+

4) In which case is chlorine in its highest oxidation state? 4)

A) sodium chloride B) sodium perchlorate
C) sodium chlorate D) sodium hypochlorite

5) What is the oxidation state of manganese in the compound KMnO 4 ? 5)

A) +2 B) +7 C) -4 D) +4

6) What is the oxidation state of chromium in the compound K 2 Cr2 O7 ? 6)

A) -1 B) +7 C) +6 D) +4

7) Which atom in the compound K2 C2 O4 has a positive oxidation state? 7)

A) potassium B) both potassium and oxygen
C) carbon D) both potassium and carbon

8) Which atom in the compound KClO 3 has a negative oxidation state? 8)

A) both potassium and chlorine B) both chlorine and oxygen
C) oxygen D) potassium

9) What is the oxidation state of the nitrogen atom in the compound NCl 3 ? 9)
A) 0 B) -3 C) +3 D) +5

10) What is the oxidation state of the carbon atom in the compound CO 2 ? 10)
A) +4 B) +2 C) +3 D) -2

11) Which atom(s) has a more positive oxidation state on the product side than the reactant side? 11)
Fe 2 O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
A) oxygen B) carbon
C) iron D) carbon and iron

12) Which atom(s) has a more negative oxidation state on the product side than the reactant side? 12)
Fe 2 O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
A) carbon B) iron
C) oxygen D) carbon and oxygen

1
13) In a chemical bond, which atom gets ownership the shared electrons? 13)
A) the more electronegative element B) the smaller element
C) the larger element D) the most electropositive element

14) In the water molecule, which atom holds the shared electrons between hydrogen and oxygen? 14)
A) hydrogen
B) both are shared equally
C) oxygen
D) One cannot say unless the state of water is known.

15) Which of the following elements may have more than one oxidation number? 15)
A) calcium B) hydrogen C) lithium D) sodium

16) Which of the following elements may have an oxidation number of +1 or -1? 16)
A) lithium B) potassium C) hydrogen D) sodium

17) Which of the following elements may have an oxidation number other than +2? 17)
A) iron B) magnesium C) calcium D) barium

18) Which of the following elements may not have an oxidation number of -1? 18)
A) fluorine B) chlorine C) hydrogen D) sodium

19) Which of the following elements may have +4 charge? 19)

A) carbon B) magnesium C) aluminum D) chlorine

20) Which of the following elements may have a +3 charge when it becomes an ion? 20)
A) chlorine B) magnesium C) carbon D) aluminum

21) In which of the following is oxygen not at the -2 oxidation state? 21)
A) carbon dioxide B) methanol
C) hydrogen peroxide D) water

22) The only element that is more electronegative than oxygen is ________. 22)
A) nitrogen B) chlorine C) sulfur D) fluorine

23) The overall charge of sodium dichromate is ________. 23)

A) +1 B) 0 C) +2 D) -2

24) What is the sum of the oxidation states in the following species H 2 SbO3 - ? 24)
A) -2 B) +2 C) 0 D) -1

25) The oxidation state of nitrogen in the ammonium ion is ________. 25)
A) -3 B) +1 C) -1 D) +3

26) The oxidation state of sulfur in the sulfate ion is ________. 26)
A) +7 B) +4 C) -2 D) +6

27) The oxidation state of chlorine in the perchlorate ion is ________. 27)
A) +8 B) -1 C) +6 D) +7

2
28) Identify the compound that contains bromine with a +3 oxidation state. 28)
A) NaBrO2 B) NaBrO 3 C) NaBrO4 D) NaBrO

29) Halogens most often have an oxidation state of ________. 29)

A) +1 B) +7 C) -3 D) -1

30) The oxidation state of chlorine in sodium perchlorate is ________. 30)

A) +7 B) +3 C) +1 D) -1

31) Which of the following is true for the following reaction? 31)
Mg + O 2 → 2 MgO
A) Oxygen is reduced.
B) Magnesium is oxidized.
C) The oxidation state of magnesium in MgO is +2.
D) All of the above are true.

32) Which of the following is true for the following reaction? 32)
Cu + ZnCl 2 → CuCl2 + Zn
A) Cu is a reducing agent. B) Cu is oxidized.
C) Zn+2 is reduced. D) All of the above statements are correct.

33) Which of the following is true for the following reaction? 33)
Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl 2 + Cu
A) The solution will turn blue.
B) The solution will turn from blue to light blue.
C) The gray zinc powder will disappear.
D) Both B and C are correct.

34) The oxidation state of phosphorus in P 4 is ________. 34)

A) -3 B) +4 C) +3 D) 0

35) The oxidation state of oxygen gas is ________. 35)

A) -2 B) -4 C) +2 D) 0

36) What is reduction? 36)

A) loss of electrons B) gain of electrons
C) increase in oxidation number D) two of the above

37) What is oxidation? 37)

A) gain of electrons B) loss of electrons
C) increase in oxidation number D) two of the above

38) The oxidizing agent is ________. 38)

A) oxidized in a redox equation B) oxidized in a reduction reaction
C) reduced in a redox equation D) reduced in an oxidation reaction

39) The reducing agent is ________. 39)

A) oxidized in a redox equation B) oxidized in a reduction reaction
C) reduced in a redox equation D) reduced in an oxidation reaction

3
40) Identify the reducing agent in the following chemical process (a lead storage battery). 40)
Pb + PbO 2 + 2H + + 2HSO 4 - → 2PbSO4 + 2H 2 O
A) 2HSO 4 - B) PbO2 C) Pb D) H+

41) Identify the reduced species in the following chemical process (a lead storage battery). 41)
Pb + PbO 2 + 2H + + 2HSO 4 - → 2PbSO4 + 2H 2 O.
A) H+ B) PbO2 C) Pb D) 2HSO 4 -

42) Identify the oxidizing agent in the following chemical process. 42)
Fe + Cu(NO3 )2 → Fe(NO3 )2 + Cu
A) Cu B) NO3 - C) Cu+2 D) Fe

43) Identify the oxidized species in the following chemical process. 43)
Fe + Cu(NO3 )2 → Fe(NO3 )2 + Cu
A) Fe B) NO3 - C) Cu D) Cu+2

44) Identify the reducing agent in the following chemical process. 44)
Cu + 2AgCl → CuC12 + 2Ag
A) Cl- B) Ag+ C) Cu D) Ag

45) Identify the reduced species in the following chemical process. 45)
Cu + 2AgCl → CuC12 + 2Ag
A) Ag+ B) Ag C) Cl- D) Cu

46) Identify the equation that has the greatest number of electrons transferred. 46)
A) NaClO → NaClO2 B) CuCl → CuCl2
C) NaClO 2 → NaClO4 D) 2 Mg + O 2 → 2 MgO

47) Identify the equation that has the least number of electrons transferred 47)
A) 2 Mg + O 2 → 2 MgO B) NaClO 2 → NaClO4
C) CuCl → CuCl2 D) NaClO → NaClO2

48) Identify the element that was oxidized. 48)

H2 O + CO2 → H2 CO 3
A) oxygen B) hydrogen
C) carbon D) None of the elements were oxidized.

49) Identify the element that was reduced. 49)

H2 SO4 + Al(OH)3 → Al2 (SO4 )3 + H2 O
A) oxygen
B) aluminum
C) sulfur
D) No elements were either oxidized or reduced.

4
50) Identify the element that was oxidized. 50)
3 P + 5 HNO3 + 2 H2 O → 5 NO + 3 H3 PO4
A) phosphorus
B) oxygen
C) nitrogen
D) No elements were either oxidized or reduced.

51) Identify the oxidizing agent. 51)

I2 + 6 H2 O + 5 Cl2 → 2HIO3 + 10 HCl
A) Cl2 B) I2
C) H2 O D) the oxygen in water

52) Identify the oxidation-reduction equation. 52)

A) CaO + CO2 → CaCO 3 B) CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2 O
C) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2 O D) AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO 3

53) A fuel cell is essentially a battery which uses the following reaction to produce electricity. What is 53)
happening at the cathode of such a fuel cell?
2H2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O
A) Oxygen is being oxidized. B) Oxygen is being reduced.
C) Hydrogen is being oxidized. D) Nothing at all is happening there.

54) What chemical process is happening at the anode of a fuel cell, which uses the following reaction 54)
to generate electricity?
2H2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O
A) Nothing at all is happening there. B) Oxygen is being oxidized.
C) Oxygen is being reduced. D) Hydrogen is being oxidized.

55) The reactants in a dry cell are ________. 55)

A) Zn+2 and Cu B) Zn and MnO2 C) Zn+2 and Al D) Cu+2 and Zn

56) The following reaction is an example of a ________ battery. 56)

Zn + Cu+2 → Zn +2 + Cu
A) copper-silver B) zinc-copper
C) copper-zinc D) copper-zinc--hydrogen

57) Consult the EMF activity series and predict which of the following changes will occur if an iron 57)
nail is placed in an aqueous solution containing the (Sn 2+ ) ion.
A) Nothing at all will happen (no reaction). B) Tin will be further oxidized.
C) Iron will be oxidized. D) Iron will be reduced.

58) Consult the EMF activity series and predict which of the following changes will occur if an 24K 58)
gold ring (pure gold) is placed in an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid.
A) Nothing at all will happen (no reaction). B) Gold will be reduced.
C) Gold will be oxidized. D) Hydrogen will be further oxidized.

59) Which of the following is the most easily reduced? 59)

A) Cu2+ B) Mn2+ C) Fe 2+ D) Zn2+

5
 60) Which of the following is the most easily reduced? 60)
A) Au+ B) Na+ C) Hg2+ D) K+

61) Which of the following is most easily oxidized? 61)

A) Pb B) Ni C) Li D) Cr

62) Which of the following is most easily oxidized? 62)

A) Al B) Au C) Cu D) Fe

63) The equation for rust formation is ________. 63)

A) 2 Fe + O 2 → 2 FeO B) CuO + Fe → Cu + FeO
C) 4 Fe + 3 O2 + 2 H2 O → 2 Fe 2 O3 + H2 O D) MnO2 + 2 Fe → Mn + 2 FeO

64) Which of the following reactions is a combustion reaction? 64)

A) CaO + CO2 → CaCO 3 B) AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO 3
C) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2 O D) CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2 O

65) Which of the following reactions is not an oxidation-reduction reaction? 65)

A) 2 Na + H2 O → 2 NaOH + H2 B) CaO + CO2 → CaCO 3
C) CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2 O D) Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

66) Electricity is the flow of electrons. 66)

67) In a chemical reaction the easiest electrons to be transferred are the core electrons (also called inner 67)
shell electrons).

68) When drawing dot structures, lone pairs of electrons are assigned completely to the atom on which 68)
they are drawn on the dot diagram.

69) In a chemical bond the less electronegative element gets complete ownership of both the shared 69)
electrons.

70) In Mg2+ the magnesium ion has 10 electrons. 70)

71) In S2- the sulfur anion has 16 electrons. 71)

72) Ca2+ , K+ and Cl - have the same number of electrons. 72)

73) The oxidation state of an atom in its natural occurring elemental form is always equal to zero. 73)

74) The only tetraatomic element is sulfur. 74)

75) All four halogens, F, Cl, Br and I, are diatomic in their free state. 75)

76) The oxygen anion almost always has the charge of -2. 76)

6
 77) The sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in a formula must add up to the overall charge of the 77)
formula.

78) The overall charge of calcium sulfate is -2. 78)

79) The highest oxidation state that sulfur can have is +6. 79)

80) The lowest oxidation state sulfur can have is in the sulfite form. 80)

81) The oxidation state of metals is almost always a positive number. 81)

82) The oxidation state of non-metals is almost always a negative number. 82)

83) A reducing agent is itself oxidized. 83)

84) The cathode is the electrode where oxidation occurs. 84)

85) The cathode is called the positive electrode. 85)

86) A spontaneous electrochemical cell is called a galvanic cell. 86)

87) More active metals lose electrons to ions of less active metals. 87)

88) Corrosion of a ship's hull can be inhibited if another metal that is more active is attached to the 88)
hull.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

89) Assign the oxidation state of: 89)

a) each rhenium, in Re2 O7
b) zirconium, in ZrCl4
c) sulfur in Na 2 S2 O3
d) iodine in KIO3

90) Assign the oxidation state of: 90)

a) barium, in BaCl 2
b) sodium, in Na2 O
c) selenium, in H 2 SeO3
d) aluminum, in Al 2 O3

91) Assign oxidation states to each of the atoms in the following chemical species: 91)
a) SiO2
b) NO-
c) TlCl
d) V2 O5

7
92) Assign oxidation states to each of the atoms in the following chemical species: 92)
a) H2 S
b) Cu2 S
c) HBrO2
d) KHCO3

93) Which of the reactions above are examples of electron transfer reactions? 93)
(a) Ba(OH)2 + H2 SO4 → 2H 2 O + BaSO4
(b) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2 O
(c) 2H2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O
(d) C2 H6 O + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

94) For each reaction above that can be classified as an electron transfer reaction, state which 94)
element(s) gain, and which element(s) lose, electrons.
(a) Ba(OH)2 + H2 SO4 → 2H 2 O + BaSO4
(b) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2 O
(c) 2H2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O
(d) C2 H6 O + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H 2 O

95) Train tracks, iron rails,are difficult to weld. Large pieces of iron, like train tracks, can be 95)
"spot-welded" by placing a mixture of powdered aluminum and iron (III) oxide between
the two pieces of iron and adding to that a small amount of sulfuric acid to get a reaction
started.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aluminum and iron (III) oxide
(ignore the role of sulfuric acid in this).
b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.
c) Identify the oxidation and reduction products.

8
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match each element in every anion in the left column with its oxidation state that appears in the right column.

96) manganese in potassium A) 0

96)
permanganate
B) -3
97) phosphorus in magnesium phosphate
97)
C) +2
98) carbon in the sodium bicarbonate
98)
D) +3
99) chlorine in hydrochloric acid
99)
E) -2
100) chromium in potassium chromate
100)
F) +4
101) sulfur in sulfuric acid
101)
G) +6
102) oxygen in water
102)
H) +7
103) iron in iron (III) chloride
103)
I) -1
104) iron in iron metal
104)
J) +5
105) bromine in potassium bromide
105)

106) magnesium in magnesium hydroxide

106)

107) oxygen in hydrogen peroxide

107)

108) nitrogen in ammonia

108)

109) carbon in carbon dioxide

109)

Match each cation in the left column with its corresponding number of electrons that appears in the right column.

110) magnesium ion A) 10

110)

111) lithium ion B) 2

111)

112) aluminum ion C) 18

112)

113) calcium ion

113)

114) sodium ion

114)

9
 115) potassium ion A) 54
115)

116) barium ion B) 18

116)

117) cesium ion

117)

Match each element in the left column with its most likely oxidation state in the right column.

118) magnesium A) -3
118)

119) aluminum B) +1
119)

120) oxygen C) -1
120)

121) chlorine D) -3, +3, 5

121)

122) potassium E) +4,-4

122)

123) barium F) -2
123)

124) nitrogen G) +3
124)

125) sulfur H) +2
125)

126) fluorine
126)

127) strontium
127)

128) carbon
128)

129) arsenic
129)

Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding chlorine oxidation state that appears in the right column.

130) sodium chloride A) +5

130)

131) sodium hypochlorite B) +1

131)

132) sodium chlorate C) +3

132)

133) sodium chlorite D) -1

133)

134) sodium perchlorate E) +7

134)

10
Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding sulfur oxidation state that appears in the right column.

135) sodium sulfite A) +4

135)

136) sodium sulfate B) 0

136)

137) sodium sulfide C) +2

137)

138) sulfur dioxide D) +6

138)

139) sulfur, S8 E) -2
139)

140) sulfur dichloride

140)

Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding nitrogen oxidation state that appears in the right column.

141) sodium nitrite A) +2

141)

142) sodium nitrate B) -3

142)

143) sodium nitride C) +3

143)

144) nitrogen dioxide D) +5

144)

145) nitrogen gas E) +4

145)

146) dinitrogen pentoxide F) 0

146)

147) nitrogen monoxide

147)

Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding carbon oxidation state that appears in the right column.

148) Na2 CO 3 A) +2
148)

149) C60 B) 0
149)

150) C2 H2 C) -1
150)

151) CO D) +4
151)

152) CH4 E) -4
152)

11
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED10

1) B
2) C
3) C
4) B
5) B
6) C
7) D
8) C
9) C
10) A
11) B
12) B
13) A
14) C
15) B
16) C
17) A
18) D
19) A
20) D
21) C
22) D
23) B
24) D
25) A
26) D
27) D
28) A
29) D
30) A
31) D
32) D
33) D
34) D
35) D
36) B
37) D
38) C
39) A
40) C
41) B
42) C
43) A
44) C
45) A
46) C
47) C
48) D
49) D
50) A
12
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED10

51) A
52) B
53) B
54) D
55) B
56) B
57) C
58) A
59) A
60) A
61) C
62) A
63) C
64) D
65) B
66) TRUE
67) FALSE
68) TRUE
69) FALSE
70) TRUE
71) FALSE
72) TRUE
73) TRUE
74) FALSE
75) TRUE
76) TRUE
77) TRUE
78) FALSE
79) TRUE
80) FALSE
81) TRUE
82) FALSE
83) TRUE
84) FALSE
85) TRUE
86) TRUE
87) TRUE
88) TRUE
89) a) +7 (each)
b) +4
c) +2
d) +5
90) a) +2
b) +1
c) +4
d) +3
91) a) Si +4, O -2
b) N +1, O -2
c) Tl +1, Cl -1
d) V +5, O -2
13
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED10

92) a) H +1, S -2
b) Cu +1, S -2;
c) H +1, O -2, Br +3
d) K +1, H +1, O -2, C +4
93) both (c) and (d)
94) Reactions (a) and (b) cannot be classified as electron transfer reactions.
In reaction (c), H's lose electrons, gained by O's.
In reaction (d), carbon is oxidized by oxygen (reduced).
95) a) 2Al + Fe2 O3 → Al2 O3 + 2Fe
b) Al is the reducing agent; Fe (III) is the oxidizing agent.
c) Fe is the reduction product; Al (III) is the oxidation product.
96) H
97) J
98) F
99) I
100) G
101) G
102) E
103) D
104) A
105) I
106) C
107) I
108) B
109) F
110) A
111) B
112) A
113) C
114) A
115) B
116) A
117) A
118) H
119) G
120) F
121) C
122) B
123) H
124) A
125) F
126) C
127) H
128) E
129) D
130) D
131) B
132) A
133) C
134) E
14
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED10

135) A
136) D
137) E
138) A
139) B
140) C
141) C
142) D
143) B
144) E
145) F
146) D
147) A
148) D
149) B
150) C
151) A
152) E

15
Another random document with
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American aeronautic skill.
Stagger, she had, and dihedral, and retreat, mystic technicalities
of wing construction which came very near to realizing the dreamer’s
goal of automatic stability. Control wires had a safety factor of eight.
There was a dashboard before each of the dual control yokes dotted
with a maze of glass-dialed instruments.
The two seats were tandem, with telephonic communication so
that the occupants could converse above the roar of the engine.
Nothing, in fact, which might contribute to speed and safety and
accuracy had been omitted. And now—she was going out into the
approaching night beyond her capacity of return, like a swimmer who
swims out to sea beyond the limit of his strength. No wonder that the
owner swore at his old Uncle Sam even while he made his gift.
On the beach, where the great machine floated like some
graceful, swift storm petrel, Jim suddenly pushed Rankin to the rear
seat.
“What’s the matter?” asked Rankin hurriedly. “Aren’t you going to
fly her?”
“Nope,” said Jim with determination. “’S your job. You’re a better
flier anyway. Me for the instruments. I’ve been boning up a lot on this
new dope about wave crest length and wind ratio and bomb
dropping and all. Kinder hoped to get a commission myself—once;
but—hell! Hop in and make your tests. If I’m in on this funeral I’m
going to phone good-by to the girl.”
Then for the first time did Rankin remember his girl, and her trust,
and his promise, and what it meant between him and her.
He hesitated a moment; he, too, would have liked to telephone.
For he was very human and just then some mysterious providence
or other which looks after those who strive with a great purpose
flashed to him a vague realization of his own weakness.
Telephoning, the voice on the wire, with its note of appeal from the
purely personal view point of the woman who waited, might
undermine that high resolve. He set his teeth and climbed into the
seat ready for action.
With lips hard pinched, he tested his controls to see that
everything was running smoothly. He tested the Christensen self-
starter. With an explosive whir the propeller caught up the ignition.
He ran the engine at idling speed, watching his oil pressure and
water gages for free feeding. Everything ran with the smoothness of
a fine watch.
Jim came running.
“Give her the gun!” he shouted, hurling himself into his seat.
Rankin pulled back the throttle lever. With a roar the propeller took
up its speed; the tachometer dial jumped to fifteen thousand
revolutions; and the beautiful great bird glided out from the shore,
trusting to fate to attain its purpose.
Rankin pulled tentatively on the elevator control. The machine
answered beautifully; lifted at once to its planing angle and skimmed
the surface. Rankin hauled back, on the control.
“How does she climb?” he asked into the telephone mouthpiece
which rose from his chest.
“’Bout six hundred,” came the muffled reply from the observer’s
seat in front. “Let her go.”
 V.

The great adventure had commenced. Half an hour had sped

since one impetuous fanatic had charged into the tent and
persuaded the other to race out with him and offer up possibly their
lives and certainly the machine in their wild quest of service to their
so much berated Uncle Sam. Only half an hour! But in view of the
ship that was rushing inexorably on into it knew not what, a priceless
thirty minutes.
The machine hurtled ahead into the dark cloud bank, dipping and
swaying and yawing like an instruction flight. Rankin was “feeling out
” the little individual peculiarities of the machine which was new to
him.
Presently he settled down to a long steady climb up to his
traveling level which he proposed, to make about five thousand feet
in order to hold as wide a range of vision from the height as the
heavy atmosphere would permit of. His face was very grim and
stern; he was making no mistakes about the percentage of chances
which were out against him.
“What d’you need for setting your course?” he spoke shortly into
the mouthpiece.
“Where’s your ship?”
“Can’t say; don’t know her speed. Commandant said two hundred,
and she’s made maybe forty or fifty since.”
“How in blazes are we going to find the blasted tub then?” Jim
was feeling subconsciously the loss of ten thousand dollars.
“Say she’s making twenty, and we approximate a hundred, we
ought to overhaul her in about three hours at the outside. Lay off her
course on the chart from Philly to Havana; get on to it and take a
high level after her.”
For ten minutes there was silence while Jim scribbled frantically
with his pencil and the great machine roared and throbbed all round
them. Finally:
 “Huh,” came a grunt. “’Bout thirty miles out, and then south by
east and keep guessing for luck.”
Rankin watched his clock for eight more minutes with infinite care,
for when one is hurtling through the air at a hundred miles an hour
delay means more than a little difference. Then he banked sharply
over and swung round.
“Ought to be on her tail now,” he muttered. “Now figure drift and
give me my variation.”
Technical sounding-stuff, but easy of explanation. Just as a
boatman rowing across a tide rip has to point the nose of his boat
several degrees into the current in order to hold a straight course for
the desired landing, so an aeroplane rushing through a cross wind
must “crab” sometimes.
Easy of explanation; but for an aeroplane flying over water with no
landmarks to guide, a considerable calculation. And time! Every
minute of time counted so vitally! To arrive at a correct conclusion
many factors had to be taken into consideration, the least error in the
smallest of which would mean many miles of difference.
The main factors, of course, were actual speed through the air
and wind speed. The first was easy; an instrument gave it. But wind
speed? On the ground, stationary, an instrument could give that too;
but at five thousand feet in the air it had to be calculated. To do that
one had to know the approximate length between the crests of the
waves; and to approximate that, one had to know the exact height.
Suddenly an explosive snarl came from in front.
“Curse it! In the hurry I forgot to adjust my altimeter to sea level.”
Without a word Rankin pushed the control over into a steep dive.
Within a few feet of the surface he “flattened,” and on receiving a
confirmatory grunt he lifted the machine into another long climb.
Presently:
“Wave length twenty feet—gives velocity fifteen decimal four.
Fierce for a landing.”
“Pitot tube gives a clear hundred and four miles per. Work it out.”
Came a whole series of grunts; and presently the movable lubber
line on the dial of the Sperry, which was synchronized with the drift
indicator in the observer’s hand in the front seat, began to swing
round.
Rankin followed it with a sigh of thankfulness and a prayer for luck
and settled down to a long steady grind of keeping her nose down to
it. No easy matter in a high gusty wind; and a few points deviation
meant so many priceless minutes lost at this critical time.
Two hours passed; and as the work became mechanical, Rankin’s
thoughts turned inevitably to the girl. What would she say? How
would she regard his fall from his promise? How could he ever make
her see the thing as it was?
“Ha, ha!” He barked a short laugh. Fool! Very possibly there never
would be any occasion for an explanation. He glued his eyes down
to the lubber line and followed it as it shifted from one side to the
other as the observer recalculated and checked up his figures from
time to time.
But his thoughts kept coming back to torture him. The girl; always
the girl. The imminent chance of coming down somewhere in the
ocean, helpless, with gas all expended, and being battered to a
wreck in a minute found no place in his mind. Suddenly the
grumbling voice came across and woke him to action.
“Smoke on the port bow; three points.”
Rankin’s heart jumped up into his mouth and he peered through
his windshield. Then he shot the machine down for the thin smudge
across the horizon like a swooping eagle.
Five minutes; ten minutes. He could see Jim leaning out from his
seat with the Zeiss prism glasses to his eyes. Jim waved an arm
wildly to the right and ducked back into his hole.
“Blasted United Fruit boat.”
Grimly, without a word again, Rankin swung back and climbed on
his course. After many minutes he spoke tersely, without emotion.
“Jim. Suppose we find her—and the waves smash us before she
can pick us up. Better write a note; make a package. Maybe we can
drop it.”
“Huh! If we find her we’ve been doing some flying, lemme tell
you.”
But Rankin knew in the silence that Jim was scribbling furiously.
 Dusk began to come. Rankin unconsciously began to strain his
eyes over his wind-shield as though he had to rely on himself alone.
Suddenly:
“Smoke! Way over starboard!”
Instantly Rankin dived for it with a quickening of the pulse. Testily
the voice came.
“Hey! Not that, you goat. Farther over. Heavy stuff; looks like a
mile of cloud bank.” In a few more minutes: “Yes, that’s the one—
lower; can’t make her out; she’s smothered.”
After a strained period again, in snappy intervals, but in a
passionless monotone:
“Two master—some speeder—but she’s steaming up and down
and around and cutting all sorts of fancy patterns—dive to it son!
Destroyer, making knots!”
Rankin dove. All he said was:
“Get your package ready.”
But in his heart was an exultant thankfulness that he had arrived
in time to warn “his ship.” In a few more minutes he was able to
distinguish her himself, smothering herself in foam and black
columns of smoke as she smashed her sharp nose into the high-
running waves. He could make out the short stumpy signaling masts,
the torpedo tubes, the quick, rapid-firing guns, and—
Suddenly there was more smoke! Not from the low, raking
funnels, but from the starboard quarters! Then a sharp puff! And then
another! And then a spitting stream! At the same instant came Jim’s
voice, vibrant and tense; and Rankin could feel through the
micrometer that even that passionless man was excited at last.
“They’ve got her, by God!”
Rankin gripped the wheel and leaned forward as though he could
by sheer muscular effort impart a yet greater speed to the hurtling
machine. Then again the wire-drawn voice:
“Jack, it’s God’s luck! Under my—under your seat there’s another
kind of package. Been doing some hand-bomb practise on a raft,
and there’s two or three left! Was going out again to-morrow. Can
you reach? Can you steer her?”
 Rankin’s heart leaped with a wild exhilaration of sudden battle.
“Steer her with my feet,” he hissed back, and he groped below the
seat.
“To the right!” came a yell which jarred his ear-drums.
Rankin peered over the edge of the fuselage. At first he saw
nothing but surging whitecaps; and then, cutting through them at a
long slant from one gray patch of water to another, he discerned a
thin streak which left ripples behind it like the fin of a shark.
Without any definite idea of what he was to do he swooped down
for it like a giant fish hawk. Then he saw that all round it there kept
rising an erratic shower of fountains of high-flung spray which
repeated themselves half a mile farther on, and then repeated again,
and again at lessening intervals.
But the phenomenon conveyed nothing to him, and he continued
to rush on into the danger zone and noticed only that the ship had
turned almost like a rabbit and was charging down on the same
object at the same time.
“To the left!” came another ear-splitting yell.
Rankin snatched a hurried glance from the shark to look over his
shoulder. There, within three hundred yards of him a long gray whale
was emerging. There, was something he could see, something he
could aim at. Instantly he banked over so that one wide wing-tip
skimmed the wave crests, and hurled himself at it. Almost before he
had regained his equilibrium he was above. His arm flashed over the
side and heaved a conical black object clear of the wing, and then he
was over.
There was a giant splash, and:
“Missed her!” yelled Jim, hopping in his seat to face backward.
Rankin spat a terrible oath through his grim set teeth and wheeled
over again on a sixty degree slant. As he came round he could see
that the whale was hurriedly submerging again. The next second he
snatched another black shape from its resting place between his
knees and flung it out, well forward. It passed from his view
immediately.
He saw Jim’s arms go up with an exultant yell; and the same
instant a terrific blast of hot air from behind him kicked the tail of the
machine up with a resistless suddenness which drove its nose down
at a steep angle for the water. At that height there was no possibility
of regaining control. In a second there was a tearing, foaming
smash, and Rankin was hurled forward onto the wheel with the force
of his own suddenly arrested momentum!
 VI.

Here was one test of the born aviator. Presence of mind. Rankin
did not hold wildly on to everything within reach to save himself from
falling; his first instinct was to fling himself clear from the entangling
brace wires. Though he was under water and half smothered, he
kept in mind the most open way out, and within the half minute he
struggled out onto the limp wreckage of what had once been a lower
wing plane. Jim was already crawling up onto an upper surface.
“Hell!” was his greeting. “Guess I’ll earn no more toward that three
thousand out of her. Come on up, the view is fine. This side isn’t
smashed up so terribly, and there’s air enough in the camber spaces
to keep her afloat for a long while yet.”
Rankin climbed up and joined him on his sagging raft, careful not
to put his foot through the fabric. The whale was gone utterly! So
were all the shark fins. At least, they could see none from their
rocking perch. The dominant thought that had impelled him for so
long was still uppermost in Rankin’s mind.
“Good stuff!” he kept muttering. “Great! Now’s her time to get
away. Why don’t she turn and make a blue streak?”
Their own plight remained in the background of his mind, to be
taken out and dealt with after other more important matters had been
settled.
But the United States Destroyer Woodruff was showing no desire
to get away. Instead, she rushed back and forth and up and down
like a questing terrier and every now and then she barked viciously
as one gun crew or another fired at anything which appeared to them
to have the remotest chance of being a shark’s fin.
For a full half hour she hunted, and then at slower speed she
steamed for the soggy, slowly sinking raft. With navy smartness a
boat hit the water long before the ship had lost her way, and in a few
more minutes the two fanatics, nearly normal now, stood on the
heaving deck which rolled thirty degrees each way and felt to them
as solid as a city sidewalk.
At the gangway a petty officer saluted them.
“Cap’n’s compliments, sir. Waiting for you in his cabin, sir.”
Rankin was surprised. He had looked for surprise from the other
side, but they seemed to have been expecting him.
Lieutenant Commander Evans stood in his holy of holies, the
captain’s cabin. Ensign Rankin was quite normal by this time. That is
to say, he did not know exactly what navy etiquette demanded for
the occasion. He drew himself up stiffly, dripping sea water all over
the carpet, and saluted.
“Report on board for duty, sir.”
His commander gasped at the amazing young man. For the first
time in all his navy experience he did not know himself exactly what
such an occasion demanded. For a few minutes he said nothing;
then, with a dry smile:
“H-m, yes; we heard all about you. Managed to pick up a wireless;
but I’m hanged if we ever expected to see you.” He broke into a grim
laugh. “Yes, we were surprised enough; but you must have looked
like the premeditated malice of the devil to those submersibles. It
was great work my boy, great. We’ll be sorry to lose you now.”
“Lose me?” wondered Rankin.
“Well,” Commander Evans spoke with slow deliberation. “I
suppose you’ll be reassigned to aviation after this. It’s not every day
that one saves a United States destroyer, you know.”
Rankin’s heart jumped and he felt his color rising; and since it is
not seemly for an aviator to display emotion he saluted hastily and
turned to go. The deliberate voice stopped him.
“Better put in a claim for that machine. Since she’s been in active
service I guess the navy’ll take her over.”
“Thank you, sir.” Again Rankin turned with his hand on the door-
knob lest his face should betray the double exultation in his soul.
Once again that exasperating recall.
“Oh, by the way; there was another wireless; private, for you; a
most insistent person.”
 Rankin wheeled in a flash. There is a limit to emotional
suppression. His commanding officer was holding out a long
envelope to him. Rankin took it with a haste which amounted almost
to a rudeness and tore it open with fingers that trembled unmanfully.
The first thing he looked for was the signature—Eileen! It loomed as
big as a theater advertisement.
“Bully for both of you,” it read. “I know you’ll succeed.”
Rankin waved it wildly over his head and whooped like a
hysterical Indian. It was a shameful display of emotion for an aviator,
and a most improper action for an ensign in his commander’s private
cabin. But Lieutenant Commander Evans only smiled.

Transcriber’s Note: This story appeared in the December 29,

1917 issue of The Argosy magazine.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FLYING
CHANCE ***

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