Affnaflnsflj?

4 x'g] n}l∙s lx+;f

eg]sf] s] xf]<

s' g} klg JolQmnfO{ n}lËstfsf] cfwf/df zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s

/ of}lgs ?kdf ul/g] xfgL, b'Jo{jxf/, lx+;f, kL8f jf
lje]bk"0f{ Jojxf/ g} n}lËs lx+;f xf] . n}lËs lx+;f ;dfhsf] zlQm
;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . ;dfhdf JofKt lkQ[;QfTds ;f]rsf
sf/0f cem} klg ;dfhdf dlxnf, afnaflnsf, lszf]/lszf]/L,
n}lËs cNk;+Vos afnaflnsf n}lËs lx+;fsf ljleGg
:j?kx¿af6 lkl8t 5g\ . n}lËs lx+;f JolQmut txdf dfq l;ldt
x'Fb}g o;n] l;+uf] ;dfhdf g} c;/ kb{5 . n}lËs lx+;fn] ;dfhdf
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf l;dflGts[t ju{nfO{ km/s tyf a9L
lkl8t agfPsf] x'G5 .
afnaflnsfsf] xsdf n}lËs lx+;f eg]sf] afnaflnsf,
of}lgs cNk;+Vos, lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿sf] n}lËstfsf] cfwf/df
ul/g] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lx+;f, h:t} zf/Ll/s, df}lvs, dgf]j}1flgs
b'Jo{jxf/x¿, of}gzf]if0f, ;fdflhs–cfly{s lje]b, afnljjfx,
u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/, 3/]n' lx+;f tyf cGo pTkL8gx¿ x'g\ .
afnaflnsflj?4 x'g] n}lËs lx+;fsf lgDg :j?kx¿ x'g ;S5g\
t/ oltdf dfq ;Lldt 5}gGf\ M

!= n}lËs lje]b M kf]if0f, lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf / :ofxf/

h:tf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿df 5f]/LnfO{ eGbf 5f]/fnfO{
1
 k|fyldstf lbg'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs bfloTjx¿ tyf 3/fo;L
sfddf 5f]/LnfO{ a9L lhDd]jf/L axg u/fpg' .
cfly{s lje]b M afnaflnsf lj?4sf] cfly{s e]befjsf
w]/} ¿kx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . aflnsfdfly kl/jf/ / ;dfhn]
pgLx¿sf] eljio, lzIff / ljsf;sf] nflu afnsx¿sf]
t'ngfdf sd nufgLsf] sf/0f jo:s x'Fbf cfly{s ?kdf sd
;Ifd x'g] . k}Q[s ;Dkltdf cem} klg 5f]/Lx¿sf] clwsf/
Go"g x'g' .
z}lIfs lje]b M ljBfno lzIff lg/Gt/ / lgoldt ug{df
ljleGg jfwf÷cj/f]wx¿ . afnssf] t'ngfdf aflnsfsf]
egf{b/df sdLsf ;fy} dfWolds tyf pRr dfWolds tyf
pRr lzIffsf] lg/Gt/tfdf sd hf]8 lbg' .
@= xflgsf/s k/Dk/fut cEof;x¿ M aflnsfx¿sf] bLuf]
ljsf; tyf dgf];fdflhs cj:yfdf c;/ kfg]{ lnËdf
cfwfl/t xflgsf/s k/Dk/fut cEof; tyf d"No dfGotfx¿
h:t} 5fpk8L, e'mdf, b]psL k|yf, kf/Dkfl/s dfuL afnljjfx
jf afnaflnsfsf] lxtnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf c;/
ug]{ cGo gsf/fTds k/Dk/fut cEof;x¿ .
#= afnljjfx M kf/Dkfl/s afnljjfx afx]s @) aif{ d'lgsf
lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] rfF8f] tyf hjh{:tL ljjfx, cfkm}n] /f]h]/ jf
efuL ljjfx .

2
$= 3/]n' tyf zfl//Ls lx+;f M afnaflnsfnfO{ lnËsf] cfwf/df
3/kl/jf/ leq} ul/g] s'g} klg zf/Ll/s xfgL jf rf]6 h:t}
s'6lk6, zf/Ll/s b08 ;hfo .
%= of}g b'Jo{jxf/ M afns, aflnsf jf of}lgs cNk;+Vos
afnaflnsfx¿ dfly ul/g] ljleGg k|sf/sf of}g b'Jo{jxf/x¿
h:t} cg'ko'Qm jf g/fd|f] 5'jfO{, of}ghGo l6Kk0fLx¿ /
of}ghGo 7§fx¿ / lh:SofO, of}ghGo x]kfO{, cfˆgf] glhssf]
;fyL;+uLaf6 of}g b'Jo{jxf/, OToflb .
^= of}gzf]if0f M afns, aflnsf jf of}lgs cNk;+Vos
afnaflnsfla?4 ul/g] of}gzf]if0f, dgf]/~hg If]qdf
cg'ko'St k|of]u jf Joj;flos of}g Jofkf/, of}glx+;f,
anfTsf/, OToflb .
&= a]rlavg jf cf];f/k;f/ M >dzf]if0f, of}g zf]if0f,
cË k|Tof/f]k0f tyf cfw'lgs bf;Tjsf :j?kx¿sf] lglDt
afnaflnsfsf] cGt/b]zLo jf ;Ldfkf/ ul/g] a]rlavg jf
cf];f/k;f/ .
*= OG6/g]6 cgnfOgdf of}g zf]if0f M afnaflnsfnfO{ n}lËstfsf]
cfwf/df nlIft u/L OG6/g]6 cgnfOg jf gofF k|lalwx¿sf]
k|of]uåf/f ul/g] lx+;f h:t}, ;fOa/a'lnË, ;xdlt ljgf of}lgs
;fdfu|Lx¿ k7fpg], e'm7f ckmjfx km}nfpg], of}lgs / cj}w
tl:a/x¿ ;fj{hlgs ug]{, / cgnfOgdf jo:sx¿ tyf bf}t/L

3
 ;fyLx¿n] of}gzf]if0fsf] lglDt pS;fpg] -u'|ldª_, cgnfOgdf
of}g ;DaGw /fVg] tyf of}g lkm/f}tL nufot afnaflnsfx¿nfO{
cgnfOgsf] dfWodaf6 ul/g] of}g pTkL8g .
(= of}lgs cNk;+Vos k|lt b'Jo{jxf/ M of}lgs cNk;+Vos
afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{ nlIft u/L ul/g] s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] b'Jo{jxf/ jf lx+;f .
!)= n}lËs kIfkftk"0f{ lnË klxrfg (Gender-biased Sex
Selection) M ;dfhdf JofKt 5f]/fsf] k|fyldstf / 5f]/L
k|lt lje]bsf sf/0f hGdk"j{ lnË klxrfg u/L s]6fsf] hGd
;'lglZrt ug{ aflnsfsf] Ef'|0f xTof / ue{ktg .
!!= of}lgstf / k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/af6 al~rt M
afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{ cfˆgf] of}lgstfsf] af/]df
s'/f ug]{, cfkm}n] lg0f{o ug]{ jf of}g lzIff / k|hgg\ :jf:Yo
lzIffaf6 jl~rt ug'{ .
!@= dfgl;s jf efjgfTds lx+;f M n}lËstfsf] cfwf/df
af]ln argaf6 b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{Ù afnaflnsfsf] ?k, ;f]r jf
¿rL cflbsf] cfwf/df pgLx¿sf] a]OHht ug]{, ckdfg ug]{,
;LdfGts[t ug]{ h:tf k'jf{u|xL Jojxf/x¿åf/f afnaflnsfsf]
lrQ b'vfpg], dfgl;s ?kdf kL8f lbg], efjgfTds lt/:sf/
ug]{ tyf dfgl;s :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofnfO{
k|fyldstf glbg' .

4
 afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] n}l∙s
lx+;f;DaGwL sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf]
df}lns xs cGtu{t bkmf #( df afnaflnsfsf] xs ;'lglZrt
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)&%, d'n'sL
ck/fw ;+lxtf @)&$ / dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/
-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf ;DjlGwt k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ oxfF
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
Affnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)&% cGtu{t sf] kl/R5]b ( df
;hfo, Ifltk"lt{ / d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . h; cGtu{t afnclwsf/ pNn‹g ug]{, afnaflnsf
k|ltsf] bfloTj k'/f gug]{, afnaflnsf dfly lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/
tyf zf]if0f u/]df b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 eGg] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
— s'g} JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf]
pNn‹g u/]df jf afnaflnsfk|ltsf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]df
;f] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] k|d'vnfO{ krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g,
@)&% bkmf &@ pkbkmf -!_
— ;+/Ifs jf kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] cfkm\gf] bfloTj
k"/f gu/]df jf cfdf, afa' jf ;+/Ifsn] cg'lrt nfe

5
 lng] dg;fon] afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg n'sfpg] u/L
gfd, y/ kl/jt{g u/]df jf afnaflnsfsf] ;DklQsf]
b'?kof]u u/]df Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 .
afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)&% bkmf &@ pkbkmf -@_
— aflnux¿sf nflu vf]lnPsf dgf]/~hg :yndf
afnaflnsfnfO{ k|j]z jf k|of]u u/fpg], aflnux¿sf
nflu elg tf]lsPsf rnlrq cGo >Jo b[Zo h:tf
;fdu|L b]vfpg], s'ntdf ;+nUg u/fpg], zf/Ll/s rf]6
k'¥ofpg], cft+lst kfg]{, wDSofpg], lt/:sf/, pk]Iff,
e]befj, alxisf/, 3[0ff ug]{, PSnfpg] jf ljB'tLo dfWod
k|of]u u/L ;tfpg] si6 lbPdf krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf / Ps jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL
P]g, @)&%, bkmf &@, pkbkmf # -s_

6
— afnaflnsfnfO{ of}ghGo lqmofsnfksf nflu k|:tfj ug]{,
kmsfpg], bafa lbg] jf wDsfpg] sfo{ u/]df, of}ghGo
dg;fon] afnaflnsfsf] z/L/sf] ;+j]bgzLn cËdf
:kz{ ug]{, r'Dag ug]{, ;dfpg], c+sdfn ug]{, z/L/sf]
;+j]bgzLn cË 5'g jf ;dfpg nufpg], of}ghGo
dg;fon] a]xf]; kfg]{ jf of}ghGo cË k|bz{g ug]{ jf
u/fpg nufpg] sfo{ u/]df krxQ/ xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf / tLg jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL
P]g, @)&%, bkmf &@ pkbkmf # -v_
— afnaflnsfnfO{ clZnn sfo{ jf ;fdu|L lgdf{0fdf k|of]u
u/]df c;L xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf / rf/ jif{;Dd s}b
x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)&% bkmf &@ pkbkmf
# -u_
— of}g ;Gt'li6 k|fKt ug{ afnaflnsfnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ jf
u/fpg], afn of}g zf]if0f ug]{ jf u/fpg] sfo{ u/]df
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] s;'/df
;hfo x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)&%, bkmf &@
pkbkmf # -5_
— afnaflnsfsf] ljjfx to ug]{ jf afnaflnsf;Fu ljjfx
ug]{ jf u/fpg]nfO{ tLg jif{;Dd s}b / krxQ/ xhf/
?k}of;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g,
@)&% bkmf &@, pkbkmf # -v_

7
 — efsn, wfld{s jf cGo s'g} clek|fon] s;}sf]
gfpFdf r9fpg] jf ;dk{0f ug]{ jf k/Dk/f, ;+:s[lt,
l/ltl/jfhsf] gfddf s'g} k|sf/sf] lx+;f, lje]b, x]nf
jf alxisf/ ug]{ jf pkxf;sf] kfq agfpg] sfo{ u/]df
krxQ/ xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf / tLg jif{;Dd s}b
x'g]5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)&%, bkmf &@
pkbkmf # -v_

dn'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, @)&$

bz jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL aflnsf, k"0f{ czQm ckfËtf
ePsL aflnsfnfO{ hj/h:tL s/0fL ug]{nfO{ hGds}b, -o;
k|of]hgsf] nflu hGds}b eGgfn] @% aif{ s}b_ / bz aif{b]lv
c7f/ aif{;DdsL aflnsfnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]df bz
aif{b]lv aL; aif{;Dd s}b / Psnfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf
x'g]5 . dn'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, @)&$, kl/R5]b !*, bkmf @!(
pkbkmf # v08 -s b]lv ª_
ue{ktg u/fpg] p2]Zon] ue{df /x]sf] Ef'|0fsf] lnË klxrfg
ug]{ jf u/fpg]nfO{ tLg b]lv 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b x'g]5 . d'n'sL
ck/fw ;+lxtf, @)&$, bkmf !** pkbkmf *-s_
lnË klxrfg ul/ ue{ktg ug]{ jf u/fpg]nfO{ Ef'|0f /x]sf] xKtf
x]/L Ps jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd s}b / bz xhf/ b]lv krf;
xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 ;fy} o;df yk Ps aif{ s}b

8
 x'g]5 . d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, @)&$, sf] bkmf !** pkbkmf
-#_, / pkbkmf * -v_
dlxnfsf] /h:jnf jf ;'Ts]/Lsf] cj:yfdf 5fpk8Ldf /fVg
jf To:t} cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] e]befj, 5'jf5't jf cfdfgjLo
Jojxf/ u/]df tLg dlxgf ;Dd s}b jf tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/jfgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 . d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf @)&$
kl/R5]b !) sf] bkmf !^* pkbkmf -$_

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$

afnaflnsfnfO{ lsGg], j]Rg] jf j]Zofj[lQdf nufpg] p2]Zon]
g]kfn leqsf] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf n}hfg]nfO{ bz aif{b]lv
afx| aif{;Dd s}b / Ps nfv;Dd hl/afgf, ljb]z n}hfg]nfO{ !%
aif{b]lv @) aif{;Dd s}b / Psnfv ?k}ofF b]lv b'O{nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf x'g]5 . dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g,
@)^$, bkmf !% pkbkmf !-s_

9
 afnaflnsfdfly x'g] n}l∙s lx+;fsf]
Go"gLs/0f ug{ s] ug]{<

af naflnsfx¿ /fi6«sf uf}/j x'g\ . afnaflnsfsf] pHHjn

eljiosf] ;'lglZrt ug{ afnaflnsfsf] cfwf/e"t
clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g' kb{5 . g]kfndf w]/} afnaflnsf
n}lËs lx+;fsf] lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ . o;sf] cGTosf] nflu ;dfhdf
n}lËs ;dfgtf / n}lËs Gofosf] lglDt ;zSt sfg'gL ;'/Iff /
afn;+/If0f ;]jfx¿df afnaflnsfsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ul/g' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfsf] efjgf / clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ afns, aflnsf
tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos lszf]/lszf]/Ldfly x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf
lje]bnfO{ cGTo u/L pgLx¿nfO{ ;zlQms/0f u/]/ n}lËs lx+;fd'Qm
;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . n}lËs lx+;fn] ;dfhdf cfly{s
tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf l;dflGts[t ju{nfO{ a9L lkl8t agfPsf] x'G5
To;}n] n}lËs lx+;f Go"gLs/0f ubf{ cGt/juL{o jf k|ltR5]bgsf
laifodf uDeL/ Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfnfO{ n}lËs lx+;fsf] rk]6faf6 arfpgsf] lglDt
tLg}txsf ;/sf/sf] ;sf/fTds Pjd\ k|efjsf/L e"ldsf /
k|lta4tf cfjZos 5 .
afnaflnsfdfly x'g] n}lËs lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/0f ug{ lgDg
sfo{x¿ ug{ ;lsG5 M

10
lzIff / ;r]tgf
;dfhdf JofKt lje]b b]zsf] /fhgLlt, zlSt ;+/rgf tyf
gLlt lgodx¿;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'gfn] ;d'bfo, kl/jf/, /fhgLlts
bnx¿, gLlt lgdf{tfx¿df ;d]t ;dfgtf / n}lËs Gofosf]
af/]df ;r]tgf hufpg' kb{5 .
n}lËs ;dfgtf / n}lËs Gofosf] af/]df ljBfnosf]
kf7\os|ddfg} ;dfj]z u/]/ afnaflnsfdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf]
ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 .
n}lËs lx+;f lkl8t afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{
;fdflhs jlh{lts/0f, sn+s / ckdfgaf6 hf]ufpg] ;fdflhs
cleofgnfO{ a9fjf lbg' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/, cfˆgf] efjgf /
zl//sf] x]/rfx, unt ;DaGw, ;Dks{, g/fd|f] 5'jfO{sf] af/]df
;fgf] pd]/b]lvg} lzIff lbg' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfnfO{ of}g tyf of}lgstf lzIff, of}g tyf k|hgg
:jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx¿ ug'{ kb{5 .
afnaflnsfdfly x'g] n}lËs lx+;fsf] af/]df lzIfs, cleefjs
tyf cfdfa'jfnfO{ klg ;r]t / ;xof]uL agfpg' kb{5 .

11
gLlt lgodsf] sfof{Gjog tyf b08xLgtfsf] cGTo
n}lËs Gofo d}qL sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f tyf k|lta4tfsf ;fy
sfof{Gjog ug{' kb{5 .
g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf afnaflnsf tyf n}lËs
;dfgtf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;GwL tyf gLltx¿nfO{
k|lta4tfsf ;fy Jojxf/df ptfg'{ kb{5 .
n}lËs Gofo :yfkgf ug{sf] lglDt b]zdf JofKt b08xLgtfsf]
cGTo ug{' kb{5 .

ph'/L tyf Gofodf kx'Fr M

n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf afnaflnsfdf cfk"mnfO{ ePsf]
b'Jo{jxf/ jf lx+;fsf] af/]df cfk"mn] ljZjf; ug]{ JolSt jf
cleefjs;Fu s'/f ug]{, ;xof]u dfUg] afgLsf] ljsf; ug'{
kb{5 / lx+;fsf] af/]df ;DalGwt lgsfodf va/ jf ph'/L
ug{sf] lglDt afnaflnsf tyf cleefjsnfO{ ;zSt agfpg'
kb{5 .
g]kfn k|x/Lsf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿ Pjd\ afn Gofo k|0ffnLnfO{
afnd}qL agfpg' kb{5 .
n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] 36gfsf] ph'/L tyf
Joj:yfkgsf] lglDt Psåf/ ;+s6 Joj:yfkg s]Gb| (OCMC)
sf] lj:tf/ / ;anLs/0f ug{' kb{5 .

12
afnaflnsf tyf cleefjssf] Gofodf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt u/L
Gofo Joj:yfkg k|lj|mofdf pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff / Gofof]lrt
Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .
n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ Gofodf kx'Fr
;'lglZrt ug{sf] lglDt sfg"g sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox¿
/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u,
/fli6«o afnclwsf/ kl/ifb\, Psåf/ ;+s6 Joj:yfkg s]Gb|
nufotsf ;+oGqx¿ Pjd\ afn x]NknfOg g]kfn !)(* sf]
aLr k|efjsf/L ;xsfo{ k|j4{g ug{' kb{5 .

afn;+/If0f
hf]lvddf k/sf
] tyf n}lËs lx+;fdf k/sf
] afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf]
lglDt cfsl:ds ;]jf, cfjlws ;+/If0f s]Gb|, dgf];fdflhs
k/fdz{ nufot cGo ;]jfx¿sf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ kb{5 .
afn x]NknfOg g]kfn !)(* ;]jfnfO{ b]zsf ;a} efudf
lj:tf/ / ;anLs/0f u/L 36gf Joj:yfkgnfO{ r':t agfO{
afn;+/If0fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ kb{5 .
afnclwsf/sf] lglDt sfd ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ afnaflnsf
la?4 x'g] n}lËs lx+;f tyf afnaflnsfsf] ;'/Iff tyf
;+/If0fsf laifox¿df Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L afnaflnsfsf]
;+/If0f, kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs k'gMPsLs/0f tyf
afnaflnsfsf] ;zlSts/0fsf] k|j4{g ug'{ kb{5 .

13
afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] lglDt Dffgl;s :jf:Yo
;]jf lj:tf/
n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf
afnaflnsfnfO{
pgLx¿sf] bLuf]
;fdflhs k'g:Yff{kgf,
kL8faf6 pGd'lSt tyf
resilience sf] lglDt
afnaflnsf s]lGb|t
;j{;'ne dgf];fdflhs
k/fdz{ tyf dfgl;s
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lj:tf/
ug{' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfsf] dfgl;s
:jf:Yo pkrf/sf] lglDt sflGt afnc:ktfn tyf dfgl;s
c:ktfn, nugv]n l:yt afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L
dgf]lrlsT;f OsfOsf] ;anLs/0f u/L b]zsf ;a} efudf afn
dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ ug{' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] af/]df lgw{Ss
s'/f ug]{ / dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Frsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f
ug{' kb{5 .

14
afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf / ;zlSts/0f
afnaflnsfnfO{ clwsf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;zQm
u/fpg' kb{5 . afnaflnsfn] cfk"m la?4 ePsf] n}lËs
lx+;fsf] af/]df cfkm} cfjfh p7fpg ;Sg] u/L pgLx¿sf]
cfTd;Ddfg tyf cfTdljZjf; hufpg' kb{5 .
cfk"m la?4 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] n}lËs lx+;f ePdf
afnaflnsfn] o;sf] af/]df s'/f ug]{ / ;xof]u lng] afgLnfO{
k|f]T;fxg ug{' kb{5 .
afnaflnsfsf] ;+u7gsf] ;anLs/0f, Ifdtf ljsf; u/L
afnSna, lszf]/lszf]/L ;d"x jf ;~hfnx¿ dfkm{t
afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] n}lËs lx+;flj?4 ;zSt cfjfh
p7fpg afnaflnsfsf ;d"xx¿ ;Fu ;a} ;DalGwt kIfx¿n]
;xsfo{ ug'{ kb{5 .
afnaflnsf la?4 x'g] n}lËs lx+;f ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f
tyf lg0f{ox¿df
afnaflnsf /
lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿sf]
cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf
;'lglZrt ug'{
kb{5 .

15
 afnaflnsf lj?4 n}l∙s lx+;f ePdf
;Dks{ ug]{ cfkt\sflng x6nfOgx¿

o lb afnaflnsf lj?4 s'g} klg k|sf/sf] n}lËs lx+;f ePdf

cfjZos ;"rgf tyf ;xof]usf nflu tn pNn]lvt x6nfO{g,
x]NknfO{g tyf lgsfox¿df ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
;Dks{ ug]{ lgsfo ;Dks{ gDa/
afn x]NknfO{g g]kfn !)(*
/fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u !!$%
k|x/L !))
afnaflnsf vf]htnf; s]G› !)$
Afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L dfglzs !^^))!!)^^^ jf
:jf:Yo OsfO x6nfOg gDj/ (*%!#!)((*

afn x]NknfO{g g]kfn

!)(*
16