ANATOMY II

By :
Name : Patuan Lineker Sinurat
S-ID : B1B021017
Entourage :4
Group :2
Assistant : Pramudya Wisanggeni

ANIMAL STRUCTURE PRACTICUM REPORT

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, RISET AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2022
 I. PENDAHULUAN

A. Background
Up until 2012, animal personality and behavioral syndrome research in
amphibians lagged far behind other animal groups, yet in the last six years,
research on amphibians has gained momentum, with 80% of all amphibian
personality studies published between 2012 and 2018. Although amphibians
continue to stand out as being the least researched vertebrate class within the
field, there is already compelling evidence that amphibians display personality
and behavioral syndromes, and a growing recognition that personality may be as
ecologically important in amphibians as it is in other vertebrate classes (Gruber et
al., 2017a). More importantly, research with amphibians has made a number of
significant contributions to our understanding of the causes and consequences of
personality and behavioral syndromes. Specifically, in the last five years,
amphibian personality research has not only demonstrated that personality can
influence ecologically relevant behaviors such as dispersal (Brodin et al., 2013;
Gruber et al., 2017a), selection of foraging sites (González-Bernal et al., 2014),
and the likelihood of contracting disease or parasites (Koprivnikar et al., 2012)
but has also enhanced our understanding of proximate mechanisms underpinning
personality variation and syndrome structure (Gruber et al., 2017a; Kelleher et
al., 2017). Most recently, research with amphibians has shown that personality
differences in wild populations can persist in captive raised offspring (Gruber et
al., 2017a), and has demonstrated that personality and syndrome structure can
remain consistent across life stages (Wilson and Krause 2012a). Work with
amphibians has also provided some of the first evidence that personality can be
state-dependent (Kelleher et al., 2017) and that personality can develop in
response to environmental conditions experienced during early development,
such as exposure to predators and conspecifics (Urszán et al., 2015b). These
early findings highlight that amphibians provide a valuable but relatively
untapped model group for exploring the causes and implications of personality
and behavioral syndromes.
The genus Fejervarya is widely distributed in Asia and consisting of 13
species. Morphological characteristics of Fejervarya are divided into four
different groups which are large, medium, small, and mangrove types. Kurniawan
 et al., 2014 reported that there are five species of Fejervarya in Indonesia,
namely, Fejervarya cf. verruculosa, Fejervarya sp., F. iskandari, F. limnocharis,
and F. cancrivora. F. limnocharis and F. cancrivora are widely distributed and
sympatric in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Java. This two frog species are
commonly found in rice fields, thus also known as rice field frogs (Wila et al.,
2022).
These frogs are common in the rice field, but were absent from the
permanent pond. They prefer to live in marshy habitats and are usually observed
resting on land. When disturbed they escaped either by hopping away in land or
retreating into shallow water, Whichever was more convenient. This is a
characteristic frog of the rice field. Very few choruses were heard in the rice
field. These were confined to the southeast corner. (Charles, 2013). Has common
characteristics from its short, wide, and stiff body size. The forelegs are smaller
and shorter than the hind legs, the head and body are fused, and have no tail
(Reni et all., 2020). Ecologically, Anuran has an important role in the food chain
as a secondary consumer. Are known to be carnivores, their diet is arthropods and
worms. Larger frogs or toads are also known to eat small fish, crustaceans,
mollusks, younger or smaller frogs or toads, small lizards
Species distribution may be studied through-out broad geographic regions
such as moun-tain chains and biomes, among types of bodies of water within a
region, or even regarding their specific location (microhabi-tats) within a body of
water and its surroundings. The selection of appropriate breeding habitats and
microhabitats is an important component of anuran fitness, since breeding
success depends on the environ-mental context and time of reproduction. Under
such circumstances, males and females may expe-rience different selective
pressures, withmales attracting more mates by selecting the best calling sites, and
females maximizing offspring survivorship by either selecting the best mates, the
best oviposition sites, or both. Habitat quality for tadpoles may vary spatially and
temporally,and females of some species have been shown to assess the quality of
aquatic habitats for their offspring.

B. Tujuan
Tujuan praktikum kali ini adalah untuk mengetahui morfologi dan
anatomi Katak sawah (Fejervarya cancrifora).
 II. MATERIAL AND METHODS

A. Material
The tools used in this practicum are tray for specimens, surgical scissors
and a pair of tweezers.
The materials used in this practicum are hand gloves, Catfish (Clarias
gariepinus), and Bonylip Barb (Osteochilus vittatus).

B. Methods
The procedure of the Anatomy 1 practicum are:
1) The frogs were anesthetized using chloroform and left to
suffocate.
2) Frogs that have died are then placed in the preparation tub with
the dorsal side attaches to the tray.
3) The frog's skin is cut carefully from the medio-posterior
direction anterior until all the ventral skin is removed, as well as
the skin on the posterior limb baby.
4) Frog muscles can be observed.
5) The frog is dissected using surgical scissors and then the viscera
in-situ can be obtained observed
 III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result

Drawing 3.1. Morphology of the Field Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)

Description :
1. Caput
2. Truncus
3. External nares
4. Organon visus
5. Cavum oris
6. Tympanic membrane
7. Anterior extremity
8. Brachium
9. Antebrachium
10. Mannus
11. Digiti (4 pairs)
12. Posterior extremity
13. Femur
Drawing 3.2. Anatomy of the Ventral Muscles and the Posterior Limb of the
Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)
Description :
1. Muscullus mandibularis
2. Muscullus subhyoideus
3. Muscullus deltoideus
4. Muscullus pars episternalis
5. Muscullus pars scapularis
6. Muscullus pars epicoracoid
7. Muscullus pars sternalis
8. Muscullus pars abdominalis
9. Muscullus rectus abdominis
10. Muscullus inscription tendinae
11. Muscullus obliqus externus
12. Muscullus obliqus internus
13. Linea alba
14. Muscullus tricep femoralis
15. Muscullus sartorius
16. Muscullus gracillis mayor
17. Muscullus gracillis minor
18. Muscullus abductor magnus
19. Muscullus tibio anticus brevis
20. Muscullus Gastroknemius
21. Muscullus anticus longus
22. Muscullus tibialis posticus
 Drawing 3.3. In-situ Viscera Anatomy of a Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)

Description :
1. Gastrum
2. Hepar
3. Vesica fellea
4. Pancreas
5. Duodenum
6. Intestine
7. Rectum
 Drawing 3.4. Anatomy of the Oral Cavity of the Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)

Description :
1. Premaxilla
2. Os vomer (Tooth)
3. Os choane
4. Eustachian orifice
5. Saccus vocalis
6. Glottis
7. Palatum durum
8. Palatum molle
9. Lingua
B. Pembahasan
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 IV. KESIMPULAN

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Penulisan daftar pustaka menggunakan Harvard Anglia (12), spasi 1

Penggunaan referensi maksimal 10 tahun terakhir (2012 – 2022)
Diwajibkan minimal menggunakan 1 jurnal internasional
Tidak ada lampiran jurnal
 LAMPIRAN
Silahkan lampirkan foto morfologi dan anatomi hasil pembedahan