New Grade 12 Stuff:

COMPOUND-ANGLE IDENTITIES

There are 4 new identities called the compound angle identities:

𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁

These are on the
𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 formula sheet.
𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝑥
cos 𝐴 =
1
𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 ∴ 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑦
sin 𝐴 =
1
1. The Base Identity: Y ∴ 𝑦 = sin 𝐴
(you do not need to know this proof – it is only
P(cos A; sin A)
here because it is good to know where these
things come from!)

𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝐀– 𝐁) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 . 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 1

Q(cos B; sin B)

Construct two angles, A and B, using 𝑟 = 1 (A - B)

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Proof: A B
By the cosine rule:
O X
PQ2 = OP 2 + OQ2 – 2. OP. OQ. cos (A – B)
PQ2 = 12 + 12 – 2.1.1. cos (A – B)
PQ2 = 2 – 2. cos (A – B)

By the distance formula:

PQ2 = (cos A – cos B)2 + (sin A – sin B)2
PQ2 = cos2 A – 2.cos A. cos B + cos2B + sin2A – 2.sin A. sin B + sin2 B
PQ2 = cos2 A + cos2 B – 2.cos A. cos B – 2.sin A. sin B + sin2 A + sin2 B
PQ2 = 1 – 2 (cos A. cos B + sin A. sin B) + 1
PQ2 = 2 – 2 (cos A. cos B + sin A. sin B)
 2 – 2.cos (A – B) = 2 – 2 (cos A. cos B + sin A. sin B)
 cos (A – B) = cos A. cos B + sin A. sin B

2. Derived Compound Identities:

The other three identities are derived from the base identity.
(you must know how to derive these from the base identity)

(i) cos (A + B) = cos (A – (-B))

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 = cos A. cos (-B) + sin A. sin (-B)
= cos A. cos B – sin A. sin B

(ii) sin (A – B) = cos (900 – (A – B))

= cos ((900 – A) – (-B))
= cos (900 – A) . cos (-B) + sin (900 – A) . sin (-B)
= sin A . cos B – cos A . sin B

(iii) sin (A + B) = cos (900 – (A + B))

= cos ((900 – A) – B)
= cos (900 – A) . cos B + sin (900 – A) . sin B
= sin A . cos B + cos A . sin B

Using Compound Identities:

e.g. 1. Prove that sin( 90° + θ) = cos θ

We use the compound angle
Solution: identities to prove some of the
LHS = sin( 90° + θ) other rules we have learned.
= sin 90° cos θ + cos 90° sin θ identity
.(90;1)
= 1. cos θ + 0. sin θ 1
= cos θ .(90;0)
= RHS
-1
sin(𝑥−𝑦)
2. Simplify cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 to tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑦

Solution:
sin(𝑥−𝑦)
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦− cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦
= identity
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦
= −
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦
= cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦
= tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑦 identity

3. Simplify cos 80° cos 50° + sin 80° sin 50° to a single trigonometric ratio of an
acute angle.
The identities can be
Solution:
used "in reverse" to
cos 80° cos 50° + sin 80° sin 50°
= cos(80° − 50°) identity contract expressions.
= cos 30°
√3 30° 2
= special triangle √3
2
60°
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Do: Pgs 138 and 139 Ex 5.5 #1-3 left hand column only and 4a,c; Ex 5.6 #1
a,c,e,g,I,k,m,o
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