SFM11 AGE150_Specifications_20240209

SFM-11 Clay Settling Area – Above Grade Embankment
Construction Specifications
Submitted to:
Mosaic Fertilizer, LLC
13830 Circa Crossing Drive
Lithia, Florida 33547
Submitted by:
WSP USA Inc.
5411 Skycenter Drive, Suite 650, Tampa, Florida, USA 33607
+1 863 255-0071
21471829-016-SPC-0
February 9, 2024
SFM-11 CSA Above-Grade Embankment Construction Specifications Project No. 21471829-016-SPC-0
Table of Contents February 9, 2024
Table of Contents
Section Title Revision Date
1 Statement of Work D February 2024

2 Mobilization and Demobilization D February 2024
3 Site Preparation D February 2024
4 Earthworks D February 2024
5 Dewatering D February 2024
6 Seepage Collection and Surface Water Piping D February 2024
7 Concrete D February 2024
8 Decant Structures D February 2024
9 Grout-Filled Erosion Control Mat D February 2024
10 Seeding and Mulching D February 2024
11 Measurement and Payment D February 2024
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SECTION 1 Statement of Work February 9, 2024
SECTION 1 STATEMENT OF WORK
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Primary Project Components
1. SFM-11 Clay Settling Area (CSA): above and below grade earthen impoundment system
for storage of waste clay slurry generated from the ore beneficiation process. The CSA
will be enclosed by approximately 13,200 lineal feet of an above grade perimeter earthen
dam that will impound a total interior area of approximately 350 acres at a maximum
pond elevation of +145 feet (NGVD29).
2. Above Grade Embankment (AGE): earthen embankment constructed above the
preconstruction surrounding grades following the interior embankment foundation
preparation (previously constructed as Base Out Grading). The AGE will include
designated layers or zones with varying material and placement requirements.
3. Spillway Decant Tower and Discharge Pipes (SDT): Steel and concrete structures
allowing control and release of clarified (decanted) process water from the pond interior.
4. Hydraulic Return Water Ditch (HRWD): Earthen embankment transferring clarified
(decanted) process water from the CSA to the existing SFM-9 HRWD.
5. Foundation Drainage Zone (FDZ): The subgrade material beneath the Sand Tailings
Blanket Drain and above the Improved Foundation Zone installed for improved drainage
at the base of the AGE.
6. Sand Tailings Blanket Drain (STBD): pore water drainage collection layer embedded in
the core and along the toe of the AGE to collect and discharge seepage water.
7. Seepage Collection and Surface Water Drains: solid and perforated collection and
conveyances pipe systems installed at regular intervals along the surface water collection
and drainage ditches and along designated sections of STBD for seepage pressure relief.
8. Toe Access Road: earthen embankment forming the perimeter limits of the CSA,
providing access for inspection and maintenance.
9. Surface Water Ditch: perimeter swale along the toe of the embankment for collection,
transfer and discharge of surface water run-off from the CSA exterior slopes and
seepage flow from the STBD.
10. Emergency Diversion and Containment System (ECDS): Earthen embankment providing
containment from a potential dam breach at the spillway towers, directing breach flow
around SFM-9 into SFM-10 mine pit area.
11. SFM-9 East Slope Buttress: Earthen slope buttress placed along the SFM-9 East Slope
to provide an embankment slope drainage system and improved slope stability during the
various stages of filling of SFM-11 CSA.
12. SFM-9 Toe Buffer: 300 feet of buffer zone from the edge of toe road or toe of Buttress
where excavation in prohibited and unsuitable material may be disposed.
13. Ancillary Features: infrastructure exterior to the embankment supporting operations of the
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facility including access road, ramps, signage and safety features.

B. The Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, tests and equipment necessary to perform the
Work, except wherever indicated in the Specifications and Drawings is to be furnished by the
Owner or others.
C. The Contractor shall grade the embankments to the designated lines and elevations as shown
on the Drawings and place material in compliance with the Specifications.
D. The Contractor shall remove non-competent or unsuitable soils including soft, compressible,
organic soils within the project limits and shall remove vegetation and organic matter on
designated soil surfaces within the footprint of the project limits and from the surface of
designated borrow areas.
E. The Contractor shall provide temporary works to adequately manage site access, surface and
groundwater and environmental protection requirements.
F. The Engineer shall provide construction quality control and assurance (CQA) inspection and
testing using the methods and frequencies designated in the Specifications and the
Construction Quality Assurance Plan (CQAP).
1.2 Applicable Publications

A. Applicable Standards: All work shall be performed in compliance with these Specifications
unless otherwise approved in writing by the Engineer. In the event of a conflict between the
Specifications and the referenced standards, these Specifications shall govern.
B. Published Standards include the most recent versions of relevant ASTM, ACI and/or AASHTO
standards referenced in the Specifications.
1.3 Definitions
A. “Contract” is defined as the document executed by the Owner or its authorized
representative(s)/agent(s) with the Contractor to complete specified portions of the Work.
B. “Contractor” is defined as the party(s) that has executed the contract agreement for the Work
with the Owner or its authorized representative(s)/agent(s).
C. “Drawings” are defined as the construction plan set for the SFM-11 Clay Settling Area Above
Grade Embankment furnished by the Owner, Engineer, or others that apply to the Work.
D. “Engineer” or “Engineer of Record (EOR)” is defined as the consultant or engineering company
responsible for the detailed design or any of its authorized representative(s)/agent(s).
E. “Modifications” are defined as changes made to the Specifications or the Drawings that are
approved by Owner and Engineer in writing, after the Specifications and Drawings have been
issued for construction. They also refer to changes to design elements in the field to account
for unforeseen conditions.
F. “Owner” is defined as Mosaic Fertilizer, LLC (Mosaic) or any of its authorized
representative(s)/agent(s).
G. “Site” is defined as the SFM-11 Clay Settling Area Above Grade Embankment (AGE) project
limits where the Work is to be completed as detailed on the Drawings.
H. “Specifications” are defined as the documents, all supplemental addenda, and any
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modifications furnished by the Owner, the Engineer, or others that apply to the Work.
I. “Work” is defined as the entire completed construction of the various separately identifiable
parts thereof required to be furnished as shown on the Drawings and as described in the
Specifications and Contract Documents.
1.4 Submittals
A. The Owner shall provide to the Contractor prior to the start of the Work, the Drawings and
Specifications and associated electronic data files. At a minimum, an onsite superintendent of
the Contractor shall maintain one set of Drawings and Specifications during the construction.
B. The Contractor shall submit a schedule to the Owner and the Engineer with the bid documents.
The work schedule shall include all aspects of the scope of work described in these
Specifications and included in the Drawings. The work schedule shall be updated thereafter,
and through the completion of the scope of work, on a monthly basis.
C. The Contractor shall provide an Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) to the Owner for the work
at least 4 weeks prior to construction for approval. The EPP shall include a description of
measures and equipment required to protect or mitigate impacts to surrounding air, soil, water,
wildlife and general public.
D. The Contractor shall provide a Temporary Works Plan (TWP) to the Owner with the bid
documents. The TWP shall include proposed equipment and material staging areas, site
access and haul roads, unsuitable material handling and disposal, and borrow and excavation
management plans.
E. The Contractor shall provide an Excavation Dewatering Plan (EDP) to the Owner with the bid
documents. The EDP shall include proposed dewatering equipment, projected flow rates,
discharge locations and water quality improvement measures. Additional EDPs shall be
developed by the Contractor for specific areas of the site designated by the Engineer, including
the SFM-11 North and South Embankment Tie-ins to the SFM-9 East Slope. The EDPs will
require approval by the Owner and Engineer.
F. The Engineer shall supply the Owner and Contractor with a Construction Quality Control and
Assurance Plan (CQAP) for the work at least 4 weeks prior to construction for approval. The
QCAP shall detail the minimum responsibilities and roles of the Contractor and the Engineer for
performance of quality control and assurance testing and inspection.
G. The Contractor shall supply a site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) at least 4 weeks
prior to construction for approval. The HASP shall detail the organization and responsibility of
nominated safety personnel, site and job-specific safety hazards and associated mitigation
measures, and procedures for incident and emergency management.
H. Throughout the construction period, the Contractor shall maintain a record of submittals,
request for approvals and request for changes, including submittal dates, responses, action
items, responsible parties and approvals. The Contractor shall provide the record to the Owner
and Engineer during regularly scheduled project meetings.
I. Throughout the construction period, the Contractor shall submit survey data for verification of
progress, pay items and as-built record of constructed grades.
J. Throughout the construction period, the Contractor shall maintain a record of all changes on
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the Drawings during construction. All changes and the Contractor’s field construction notes
shall be neatly and legibly prepared. The Contractor shall submit two copies of the notes and
redline-marked Drawings to the Owner and the Engineer. All pertinent documentation of field
points of the survey shall be recorded in accordance with the site coordinate system and
provided in AUTOCAD release 2022 or DXF file. Such information will be used by the Engineer
to prepare As-Built Drawings for the Owner.
K. Throughout the construction period, the Contractor shall maintain a record of submittals,
request for approvals and request for changes, including submittal dates, responses, action
items, responsible parties and approvals. The Contractor shall provide the record to the Owner
and Engineer during regularly scheduled project meetings.
1.5 Qualifications (not used)

1.6 Responsibilities (not used)
1.7 Certifications and Testing (not used)
1.8 Inspection Coordination (not used)
1.9 Warranty (not used)
PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT USED)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Environmental Protection
A. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations set forth by regulatory
agencies including, but not necessarily limited to, the following:
1. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
2. Hardee County
3. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)
4. Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD)
5. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
B. The Contractor shall provide and maintain during the life of the contract, environmental
protection as defined herein. The Contractor shall provide environmental protective measures
as required for control of pollution that develops during normal construction practice and
provide environmental protective measures required to correct conditions that develop during
construction associated with the project. The Contract shall comply with all federal, state, and
local regulations pertaining to water, air, and noise pollution and report any environmental
event on-site.
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3.2 Contractor Safety

A. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations set forth by regulatory
agencies and the Owner for worker safety including, but not necessarily limited to, the
following:
1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
2. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)
3. Mosaic Contractor Safety Plan
B. The Contractor shall submit a site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) to the Owner, at a
minimum the HASP shall contain:
1. Roles and responsibilities of safety personnel
2. Site and task-specific hazards and associated mitigation measures
3. Risk assessments and management of change procedures
4. Incident and emergency management procedures
5. Local emergency services and emergency response contact info
C. The Contractor shall furnish for each employee, including employees of subcontractors, all
safety equipment required by Owner’s and Mine Safety and Health Act (MSHA) regulations. All
employees shall have or show evidence of Owner and MSHA Part 48 safety training
certification as well as Mosaic site-specific MSHA hazard training. The Contractor, contractor
employees, and all subcontractors, and subcontractor employees shall comply with the
regulations of MSHA and Mosaic’s Contractor Safety Plan.
D. The Owner reserves the right to conduct periodic Contractor safety audits for all Contractor or
Subcontractor(s) personnel. The Owner reserves the right to request removal of any employee
of the Contractor or Subcontractor(s) who fails to meet the safety requirements. The Contractor
shall provide monthly to Owner all records of safety meetings, medical aides, and MSHA
incidents. In addition, monthly man-hour safety statistics shall be submitted by the Contract.
3.3 Protection of Natural Resources

A. The natural resources outside the limits of permanent Work performed under this contract shall
be preserved in their existing condition or restored to an equivalent or improved condition upon
completion of the Work. The Contractor shall confine construction activities to areas defined by
the Drawings and Specifications.
B. Land Resources: Except in areas indicated on the Drawings to be cleared, the Contractor shall
not remove, cut, deface, injure, or destroy trees or shrubs without permission from the Owner.
C. Upon the Work completion, the Contractor shall eliminate all signs of temporary construction
facilities such as work areas, structures, foundations of temporary structures, stockpiles of
excess or waste materials, and all other vestiges of construction except for access roads. All
other areas are to be restored to their original condition.
D. Water Resources: The Contractor shall perform all work in such a manner that any adverse
environmental impact on water resources is reduced to a level acceptable to Hardee County,
FDEP and EPA. The Work must be performed in accordance with the applicable permit
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requirements.
E. Oily Substances: The Contractor shall take whatever measures necessary to prevent oily or
other potentially hazardous substances from entering the ground, drainage areas, or local
bodies of water. All temporary fuel oil, petroleum, or liquid chemical storage tanks shall be
protected with a temporary earth berm of sufficient size and strength to contain the contents of
the tanks in the event of content leakage or spillage. If any spill occurs, the Contractor will
immediately notify the Owner and will be responsible for all cleanup expenses.
F. Fish and Wildlife Resources: The Contractor shall take necessary steps as required to prevent
the disturbance of fish and wildlife. The Contractor shall not alter water flows or otherwise
significantly disturb native habitats adjacent to the project area which are critical to fish and
wildlife except as approved by the Owner. The Contractor shall be required to complete Mosaic
Fertilizer, LLC’s Endangered Species and Wildlife Training Class.
G. Protection of Erodible Soils: All earthworks brought to a final grade shall be immediately
finished as indicated or specified. The Contractor shall protect slopes upon completion of
grading. Grassing of the earthwork slopes will be completed by the Contractor.
3.4 Quality Control and Assurance Plan

A. The Construction Quality Control and Assurance Plan (CQAP) shall detail the procedures,
specifications, official references, and frequencies for the various inspection test work. It is to
include the Specifications, relevant standards and codes, and the Drawings. Should
discrepancies be found to exist between this document and the Drawings or Specifications, the
Drawings and Specifications shall supersede the Plan. Standard procedures will be used for all
activities, and in general, these will be adopted from recognized organizations, such as the
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
B. Organization and Responsibilities: all parties shall be under the overall direction of the Owner
or its designated Representative. The Engineer, the designated CQA Manager and its
subcontractors are responsible for performing the work.
1. A Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Manager appointed by and under the direction
of the Engineer will direct and document all CQA functions and ensure that the project is
constructed in accordance with the project documents. Any questions about the
associated Design or Specifications for the project shall be addressed to the Engineer for
clarifications in accordance with the established project protocol. The Owner and
Engineer shall approve all changes to the Drawings or Specifications prior to
implementing the change.
2. The CQA Manager may delegate required testing and inspection tasks to competent
persons or subcontractors in accordance with the project documents. The CQA functions
entail completing and recording all field inspections and testing for the project as well as
daily construction activity reports. The completed field inspection and test results are to
be submitted to the Owner or the designated representatives. CQA inspection and testing
results will be reported to the Contractor within 24 hours of completion of the designated
test. Some testing may require multiple days to complete in accordance with standard
testing procedures.
3. As circumstances require, the CQA Manager shall provide written acceptance of the
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quality and/or condition of work before subsequent work by the Contractor can take
place. For these cases, the following general procedures will be used:
► The Contractor will notify the CQA Manager in writing of the area or work
requiring approval.
► The CQA Manager will perform all necessary inspections and tests, in such
a manner that will cause the least delay to the work.
► The CQA Manager will inform the Engineer and Owner of the test results, if
required, in writing on the “Work Activity Inspection Form.” The written
approval will contain a clear description and plan of the work approved. If the
work is rejected, the reasons for doing so will be clearly documented and
communicated.
► The Contractor will perform any tasks required to bring the work within the
required testing limits as defined by the Specifications and approved by the
CQA Manager and/or Engineer. The Contractor will notify the CQA Manager
that re-inspection or testing is required. This procedure will continue until the
work meets the required specification.
► The CQA Manager will prepare a weekly & monthly report summarizing work
inspected, tests performed, and other relevant items. The CQA Manager may
supplement this report with other items, drawings, figures, and tables as are
necessary to clearly present the work performed and planned.
C. The Quality Control Assurance Plan should include:
1. Surveying and Grade Control: The Owner’s Surveyor will check lines and grades, at his
discretion, and will verify all quantity measurements and calculations. The Contractor’s
surveying shall comply with the vertical and horizontal tolerances in the Specifications
and shall be conducted under the direct supervision of a Florida Registered Land
Surveyor.
2. Training: Qualified personnel are required to perform the quality assurance/quality control
(QA/QC) testing for soils on the project. The technicians must be trained to perform the
required tests and inspections in accordance with the ASTM procedures or other
applicable standards. The Engineer will approve the qualifications of the technicians prior
to being allowed to perform test and inspection work during the project.
3. Sampling Procedures: Standard procedures for sampling include proper sample
identification, location, collection, custody, handling and documentation.
4. Test Result Records: A record of all tests performed shall be maintained by the CQA
Manager. Individual test data and results will be recorded on a standard form applicable
to the test being performed. The CQA Manager will provide the Owner and Contractor
with copies of all test records performed and submitted by QA/QC personnel, and all
other parties performing tests related to the construction activities.
5. Corrections to Documentation: Entries on all documents are to be in indelible ink. If an
error is made on a document assigned to one individual, that individual may make
corrections by crossing a single line through the error and entering the correct
information.
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6. Work Approval Documentation: As circumstances require, the CQA Manager shall

provide written acceptance of the quality and/or condition of work before subsequent
work by the Contractor can take place. In these cases, the Contractor will notify the CQA
Manager in writing of the area or work requiring approval.
7. Inspections: The CQA Manager will perform all necessary inspections and tests, in such
a manner that will cause the least delay to the work. The Contractor will perform any
tasks required to bring the work within the required testing limits as defined by the
Specifications and approved by the CQA Manager and Owner. The Contractor will notify
the CQA Manager that re-inspection or testing is required. This procedure will continue
until the work meets the required specification.
8. Equipment Calibration, Maintenance and Operation: The manufacturer’s specifications for
instrument calibration and maintenance will be followed. A record of calibration and
maintenance activities will be maintained in field notebooks.
*** END OF SECTION ***
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SECTION 2 Mobilization and Demobilization February 9, 2024
SECTION 2 MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Mobilization and Demobilization shall include and cover all work for and in connection with; the
assembly and transportation to the site of all construction equipment, labor, superintendence,
materials and supplies and their removal from the site upon completion of construction;
preparation of equipment storage area; equipment maintenance facilities; office facilities;
sanitation facilities; construction of temporary construction roads; and all clean-up of the area,
construction plant, equipment storage and operation areas – all to finished grades shown on
the Drawings, or as specified by the Owner.
1.2 Applicable Publications (not used)

1.3 Definitions (not used)
1.4 Submittals
A. The Contractor will obtain transporting permits, if necessary, and will pick up and locate all
Company-furnished material at the Company’s storage areas, or other specified locations and
transport to unload at the final installation location at the job site, unless otherwise specified.
The Contractor shall install all Company-furnished materials.
B. The Owner or Owner’s representative shall provide the Contractor with the route to access the
site for subcontractors, equipment, and employees.

1.6 Responsibilities
A. All access for purposes of completing the Work shall be kept to properties owned and managed
by the Owner. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to clear or prepare any additional
access, which he/she may desire or deem necessary for completion of the Work other than that
access provided by the Owner.
B. The Contractor must obtain approval from the Owner prior to the preparation of any additional
access areas.
C. The Contractor shall be responsible for seeing that any access areas, either provided by the
Owner or prepared by the Contractor, are kept in good condition for the entire time of the Work.
Any necessary repairs or maintenance to either Owner’s access or the Contractor’s prepared
access shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
D. Temporary construction roads for access to the project site, borrow areas and other purposes
required for the construction operations shall be constructed in locations approved or specified
by the Owner or any of its authorized representatives. Construction of roads outside the
construction limits requires the approval of the Owner prior to road construction. Indiscriminate
construction of roads and travel by the Contractor’s vehicles will not be permitted in areas
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outside the limits of the project area.

E. Mosaic will provide on-site project offices and sanitation facilities at the site. Mosaic will provide
electrical power to the office facilities and provide regular maintenance and cleaning of the
office and sanitation facilities.
F. The Contractor shall be responsible for providing a means of dust abatement on all access
areas during the time of the Work. Dust abatement shall consist of but not be limited to wetting
of the traffic surface as needed.
G. Non-potable water for construction operations may be drawn from the existing SFM-9 Hydraulic
Return Water Ditch. The Contractor shall supply equipment necessary to withdraw and fill
equipment from locations agreed with Mosaic.
H. Mosaic will provide security in the form of restricted access points to the site. No additional
security will be provided for the protection of the Contractor’s equipment, materials and
supplies.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Temporary Construction Roads
A. Temporary construction roads for access to borrow areas and other purposes required for the
construction operations shall be constructed in locations approved or specified by the Owner or
any of its authorized representative(s)/agent(s). Construction of roads outside the construction
limits requires approval of the Owner prior to road construction. Indiscriminate construction of
roads and travel by the Contractor’s vehicles will not be permitted in areas outside the limits of
the area.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Clean-up
A. The Contractor shall maintain the site in an orderly workmanlike manner. Accumulated debris
and trash shall be disposed of off-site periodically or as specified by the Owner. Waste oil,
antifreeze, fuels, grease, or any other hazardous materials shall be disposed of off-site in
accordance with applicable regulations and shall not be dumped on the ground. The Contractor
shall furnish proper records documenting the disposition of any such waste oils, antifreeze,
fuels, grease, or other hazardous materials to the Owner.
B. After completion of construction, excess materials, debris, and other foreign materials shall be
removed from the construction site and temporary construction areas and shall be properly
disposed of off-site by the Contractor in an approved site in compliance with appropriate laws
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and regulations.
C. Clean-up of temporary construction roads, regardless of location, shall include smoothing and
grading of the ground surface to eliminate ruts for erosion prevention, and trimming and
smoothing of eroded or caved slopes of cuts or embankment to stable conditions as specified
by the Engineer and/or Owner.
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SECTION 3 Site Preparation February 9, 2024
SECTION 3 SITE PREPARATION
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Summary of Work: The Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, and equipment necessary
for complete and proper site preparation within the areas shown on the Drawings and specified
herein and observe permit conditions.
B. Clearing shall include removal of surface debris associated with historical land use and removal
of large woody vegetation. The Owner will remove existing disused metal and HDPE
pipes, mechanical equipment and parts, concrete rubble, etc. within the footprint of the work
area prior to commencing construction. The Contractor is responsible for clearing of trees,
branches and stumps, etc. within the limits of the project, and any buried debris encountered
during the work. Clearing of the interior slopes and AGE foundation footprint will be completed
during Base Out construction and prior to AGE construction commencing. Clearing debris
generated during construction of the AGE shall be transported and disposed of within the
project area as designated by the Owner.
C. Stripping, grubbing, and/or raking of vegetated cover, roots, topsoil and other vegetative debris
from areas designated on the Drawings shall be completed prior to borrow or filling operations.
Stripped topsoil shall be transported and disposed within area(s) designated by the Owner or
stockpiled for re-use in erosion control (seeding & mulching surfaces).
D. Removal of unsuitable materials: Saturated soft to very soft clayey and/or organic soils, within
the project limits shall be removed through excavation or methods as agreed with the Owner
and Engineer.
E. Unsuitable materials and stripped topsoil shall be transported and disposed of or stored within
areas designated by the Owner or alternate areas agreed with the Engineer.

1.4 Submittals
A. Prior to beginning the Work, the Contractor shall submit a detailed plan for clearing and site
preparation. The plan shall detail the sequence of work and describe the Contractor's planned
method of site preparation including temporary access roads, clearing and stripping, and
material disposal activities.
B. The Contractor shall obtain all necessary permits to accomplish the Work if stripping material is
to be removed from the project site at the approval of the Owner.
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A. The Owner will identify known utilities and infrastructure that shall remain in operation during
the Work. The Contractor shall not purposefully disrupt or disconnect any type of utility, electric
or irrigation service without first obtaining the written permission of the Owner. Requests for
disconnection must be in writing and received by the Owner at least seven calendar days prior
to the time of the requested interruption.
B. The Contractor shall take action within two hours and complete within forty-eight hours the
necessary steps to repair, replace, or restore all services to any utilities or other facilities, which
are disrupted due to Contractor operations.
C. Should utilities, structures, etc., be encountered that interfere with the Work; and are not shown
on the Drawings; the Contractor shall notify the Owner immediately.
D. The Contractor shall have all erosion and sediment control measures in place prior to
beginning any construction.
E. The Contractor shall construct and/or manage vegetation debris and unsuitable soil disposal
areas as designated on the Drawings. The Contractor shall operate and maintain the disposal
areas throughout the duration of the project to prevent the release of vegetation debris and
unsuitable soil to adjacent areas not approved by the Owner.
F. The Contractor shall ensure the safe passage of persons around areas of clearing and land
preparation. The Contractor shall conduct its operations to prevent injury to adjacent structures,
vegetation designated to remain, other facilities, and persons.
G. The Contractor will install all traffic control devices required for the project prior to beginning
any construction.
H. Any clearing and stripping beyond the limits shown on the Drawings, or as required by the
Engineer, shall be subject to the approval of the Owner.
I. All usable topsoil, as determined by the Owner, shall be properly stockpiled in locations shown
on the Drawings or approved by the Owner.

PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT USED)
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PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Clearing and Stripping
A. The Contractor shall strip within the limits of excavation, borrow areas, and ground that will
become the foundation of the dam and other earthwork (borrow areas). Stripping shall include
removal to the depth required of all vegetable matter, roots, debris, and other perishable or
objectionable materials that are unsuitable for the proper bonding of the compacted soils with
their foundations, the proper compacting of the fill materials, or that might be otherwise
objectionable as determined by the CQA Manager or Engineer. This work shall include
stripping and removal of organics, mud, soft sediment, and other material, which may flow or
undergo excessive consolidation under design loads.
B. Prior to any surface treatment on a stripped area, the CQA Manager, Engineer or their
representative shall be notified to inspect the stripped area and designate the method of
treatment required for continuance of the Work. A survey shall be taken of the area if necessary
to determine quantities and/or for verification of lift/layer thickness.
3.2 Erosion Control

A. The Contractor shall prevent and control erosion and water pollution as per Florida Department
of Environmental Protection (FDEP) regulations and permit conditions. The permit conditions
restrict any flow of surface water beyond the project site perimeter and toward Little Charlie
Creek.
B. The Contractor shall control erosion of constructed elements up to finished grades until the final
grade has been achieved and permanent erosion control systems have been installed.
3.3 Protection and/or Relocation of Existing Facilities

A. Existing facilities such as storm drains, roadways, water lines, light poles, conduits, fences,
utility and telephone lines, etc. are to be carefully protected from damage during all phases of
the construction. The Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements with the owner of the
facility and be responsible for all costs involved in the proper protection, relocation or other
work that such owners deem necessary.
3.4 Disposal
A. All stripped materials shall be hauled to and disposed at the locations specified by the Owner.
The stripped materials shall not be stockpiled within the footprint of the SFM-11
embankment/return hydraulic ditch and/or over any proposed borrow material for use as fill
unless shown otherwise on the Drawings.
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SECTION 4 Earthworks February 9, 2024
SECTION 4 EARTHWORKS
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Summary of Work: The Contractor shall furnish all labor, equipment, and materials for all
excavating, filling, embankment construction, backfilling, compacting, grading, and all related
items of earthwork necessary to complete the Work indicated or specified.

A. ASTM International:
1. ASTM C 33 – Standard Test Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
2. ASTM C 136 – Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates.
3. ASTM D 421 – Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and
Determination of Soil Constants.
4. ASTM D 422 – Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils.
5. ASTM D 698 – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil
Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lb/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)).
6. ASTM D 1140 – Standard Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer Than the
No. 200 (75-Micrometer) Sieve.
7. ASTM D 1556 – Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by
Sand-Cone Method.
8. ASTM D 1557 – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using the Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ ft3 [2,700 kN-m/m3]).
9. ASTM D 2216 – Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass.
10. ASTM D 2487 – Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil
Classification System).
11. ASTM D 2488 – Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual- Manual
Procedure).
12. ASTM D 2937 – Standard Test Method for Density of Soil In-Place by the Drive-
Cylinder Method.
13. ASTM D 2974 – Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat
and Other Organic Soils.
14. ASTM D 4253 – Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density of Soils Using a
Vibratory Table.
15. ASTM D 4254 – Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density of Soils and
Calculation of Relative Density.
4-1
16. ASTM D 4318 – Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils.
17. ASTM D 4944 – Standard Test Method for Field Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by the
Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure Tester.
18. ASTM D 6938 – Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil
and Soil- Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
B. Miscellaneous Project Data:
1. Subsurface soil boring logs and materials testing data are included with the Information
for Bidders Report.
1.3 Definitions
A. Excavation: The removal of all materials below stripped materials, within the defined limits of
excavation, as shown on the Drawings. Excavation will include non-competent or unsuitable
materials for the proper bonding of the compacted embankment soils for future placement on
top. This work shall include excavation of organics, mud, soft sediment, and other material,
which may flow or undergo excessive consolidation under design loads.
B. Compacted Embankment and Dozer Compacted Fill: The Cast Overburden soil excavated from
within the designated borrow areas as shown in the Drawings or otherwise authorized by the
Owner that will be placed and compacted within the above grade section of the embankment
dam alignment, the HRWD and ECDS embankments and beneath access roads and in other
designated areas as shown on the Drawings in accordance with the material and placement
specifications for each component.
C. Cast Overburden: mixed clay/silt/sand soils that were removed from above the matrix soils
during mining operations and deposited (dragline cast) in spoil piles into the open mine pit. The
Cast Overburden soil shall be utilized as Embankment Fill.
D. Sand Tailings: A relatively clean, fine sand, which has been removed from the matrix soil during
the beneficiation process and hydraulically placed within the mine pit and perimeter areas. In
specific locations (access/utility corridors) the Sand Tailings was subsequently dozer graded. It
will be used as compacted fill for the construction of the Sand Tailings Blanket Drain and other
drainage features.
E. Sand Tailings Blanket Drain: A blanket drain constructed of relative clean Sand Tailings (<5%
fines content). The blanket drain will consist of a drainage collection layer embedded within the
downstream slope of the AGE to collect and discharge seepage water.
F. Foundation Drainage Zone: The subgrade material beneath the Sand Tailings Blanket Drain
and above the Improved Foundation Zone. The Foundation Drainage Zone will be constructed
of a compacted fill that consists of cast overburden with a specified range of fines. The
Foundation Drainage Zone material may be generated through blending of Sand Tailings and
Cast Overburdens to create a suitable material. The blended soils shall meet the required
material specifications for Foundation Drainage Zone.
G. Unmined Matrix: Typically, clayey sand to sandy clay soils containing sand to pebble-sized
phosphate underlying the overburden soils near the base of the mine pit. This material may be
used as Compacted Embankment Fill provided it meets material property specifications.
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H. Bedclay Complex: Typically, very stiff to hard sandy clays and silts with limerock lenses
underlying the site. This stratum shall not be excavated for reuse as fill material unless
approved by the Engineer.
I. Drain Rock: Coarse aggregate that may be processed from gravels, granites, limestone,
dolomite, sandstones, or other naturally occurring hard, sound, durable materials meeting the
material requirements of these Specifications. Drain Rock shall be imported from a certified
supplier.
J. Riprap: Rubble consisting of hard, durable broken stone or broken concrete meeting the
material requirements of these Specifications. Riprap shall be imported from a certified
supplier.
1.4 Submittals
A. Samples:
1. Submit samples and sources of off-site aggregate proposed for use in the Work.
B. Miscellaneous Submittals:
1. Test reports for imported materials
2. Delivery tickets
3. Equipment to be used for excavation, transportation, placement, and compaction of fill.
Submittal to include equipment specifications, part of the Work where equipment is to be
used, and operator qualifications.
C. Proposed methods and equipment to be utilized in the Drain Rock layer and Sand Tailings
Blanket Drain construction, particularly detailing any haulage vehicle traffic requirements, shall
be submitted to the CQA Manager or for review prior to commencement of the Work.
D. The Contractor shall submit all required information at least thirty (30) days in advance of
delivery of any materials to the site.
E. Approval by the Engineer of Contractor submittals shall not alleviate the Contractor’s
responsibilities for completing the work as specified.
F. The Engineer shall prepare a detailed CQA Plan to ensure the Contractor’s operations result in
soils for earthwork meeting the specification requirements.

A. The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to preserve the material below and beyond
the lines and grades of all excavations in a stable condition. All excess excavation shall be
refilled by the Contractor where required to complete the Work, as specified by the Owner, at
the Contractor’s sole expense.
B. The Contractor shall be responsible for the calculation of the required volumes of each material
type based on the Drawings, taking into consideration items such as waste during excavation,
stockpiling, hauling and compaction, bulking, and other factors.
C. The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated with delays or material quantity
4-3
shortfalls due to volume miscalculations or required rework resulting from not meeting material
or placement specifications.
D. The Contractor shall construct fills and backfills to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown
on the Drawings.
E. The Contractor shall place only fill materials obtained from excavations required for the dam
and structure works, and from on-site overburden spoil and borrow area, that meet these
Specifications.
F. The Contractor must use materials free from organics and vegetation including but not limited
to stumps, trees, leaves, roots, rubbish, palmettos, and grass.
G. The Contractor must remove/rework materials not meeting requirements of these
Specifications, as required by the CQA Manager or Engineer, at no additional cost to the
Owner.
H. If the Contractor places fill outside the lines and grades shown on the Drawings or specified by
the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove the excessive fill, as required by the CQA Manager
or Engineer, at no additional cost to the Owner.
I. The Contractor shall excavate test pits with a backhoe (or similar equipment) upon request of
the CQA Manager or Engineer or his/her representative to confirm that unsuitable materials
have been displaced or removed and replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost to the
Owner.
1.7 Certifications and Testing

A. Laboratory and Field-Testing Requirements roles and responsibilities will be performed by the
parties as identified in Section 1 and at the frequencies as described below.
B. Field density tests shall be completed in accordance with ASTM Standards, for each type of
material used in embankment construction. The field density testing will be performed by the
representatives of the CQA Manager under the direction of the Engineer. The Contractor shall
apply additional compaction effort and/or excavation and replacement of embankment fills that
do not meet the specification requirements.
1.8 Inspection Coordination

A. The Contractor shall provide access to the Work for the CQA Manager and Engineer on a
continual basis as required for inspection and testing by the CQA Manager or Engineer. The
Contractor shall provide at least forty-eight (48) hours advance notice of its intention to begin
new work activities.
4-4
PART 2 PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 Excavations and Borrow Areas
A. Excavation methods, techniques, and procedures shall be developed with consideration to the
nature of materials to be excavated and shall include all precautions that are necessary to
preserve, in an undisturbed condition, all areas outside the lines and grades shown on the
Drawings or as required by the Engineer and/or Owner.
B. The lines on the Drawings indicate a finish grade. The lines shown on the Drawings shall not
be interpreted as indicating the final or actual depth of required excavations. Excavation lines
may be lower than indicated in the Drawings and shall in all cases be approved by the
Engineer. The CQA Manager or Engineer shall examine and approve completed excavations
prior to the start of any fill placement.
C. All excess excavation(s) made for the convenience of the Contractor for any purpose or reason
must be approved in advance by the CQA Manager or Engineer, and all such excavations shall
be refilled by the Contractor with materials approved by the CQA Manager or Engineer at no
additional cost to the Owner. The Contractor shall not over-excavate into existing site facilities
(SFM-9 HRWD and East Embankment, Sand Filter Pond D002, utility corridors & BMP berms,
etc.) slopes unless approved by the Engineer.
D. During construction, the excavations shall be kept drained at all times and shall conform to
Section 5 of these Specifications. All required diverting, intercepting, pumping, dewatering, or
other operations needed to effectively prevent water from entering or to remove water from
excavations shall be performed by the Contractor.
E. The Contractor shall consider the Cast Overburden encountered in the mined area interior of
the perimeter dam and spoil piles as suitable for use in embankment, toe access road and
EDCS construction provided the materials are properly blended, processed, and moisture
conditioned.
F. Sand Tailings shall not be directly used as Embankment Fill within the AGE. Sand Tailings
shall be used as fill in the Sand Tailings Drainage Blanket and other designated drainage
layers.
G. Sand Tailings fill to be used in the Blanket Drain and other drainage layers shall be segregated
from Cast Overburden, stockpiled and maintained free from cross-contamination with other
soils until required for placement.
H. The Contractor shall coordinate borrow activities with the CQA Manager and representatives to
allow the sampling and testing of the material prior to their excavation. The Contractor shall
allow the CQA Manager adequate time to evaluate potential borrow materials.
2.2 Materials
A. Compacted Embankment and Dozer Compacted Fill:
1. Compacted Embankment and Dozer Compacted Fill shall be free from trash, clods and
rock pieces greater than 6 inches in maximum dimension.
2. Compacted Embankment and Dozer Compacted Fill shall consist of a blended
combination of Cast Overburden, Sand Tailings, and Unmined Matrix classified as SP-
4-5
SM, SP-SC, SM, or SC as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2487 or alternate as

approved by the Engineer. The Embankment Fill shall have a minimum fines content of
10% as determined in accordance with ASTM D 1140.
3. Compacted Embankment and Dozer Compacted Fill shall have an organic content less
than 5% as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2974, with no roots greater the ½-
inch in diameter.
B. Foundation Drainage Zone Fill:
1. Foundation Drainage Zone Fill shall be free from trash, clods and rock pieces greater
than 6 inches in maximum dimension.
2. Foundation Drainage Zone Fill shall consist of Cast Overburden or a blended combination
of Cast Overburden, Sand Tailings, and Unmined Matrix classified as SP-SM, SP-SC,
SM, or SC as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2487 or alternate as approved by
the Engineer. The Foundation Drainage Zone Fill shall have a minimum fines content of
12% and a maximum fines content of 20% as determined in accordance with ASTM D
1140. and less than 3% organic content as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2974.
3. Foundation Drainage Zone Fill shall have an organic content less than 3% as determined
in accordance with ASTM D 2974, with no roots greater the ½-inch in diameter.
C. Sand Tailings Blanket and Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill:
1. Drain Fill shall consist of Sand Tailings borrowed from designated stockpiles at the site as
approved by the Owner.
2. Drain Fill shall be clean fine sand classified as SP in accordance with ASTM D 2487, less
than 2% organic content as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2974 and free of
clods, gravel and debris.
1. Drain Fill shall have 100% passing the No.8 sieve and less than 3% passing the
No. 200 sieve as determined in accordance with ASTM D 1140.
D. Drain Rock:
1. Drain Rock shall be composed of clean, washed, sound, durable, nonporous gravels,
composed of granites, limestones, dolomites, sandstones, or other naturally occurring
rock. The aggregate shall be free of friable particles, salt, alkali, organic matter, adherent
coatings, and other substances, which may possess undesirable characteristics.
2. The aggregate size shall comply with FDOT Standard Specification Section 901 for the
specified coarse aggregate, and shall have a sub-angular to angular particle shape.
E. Pipe Bedding:
1. Pipe Bedding shall consist of Sand Tailings borrowed from designated stockpiles at the
site as approved by the Owner.
2. Pipe Bedding shall be fine sand classified as SP or SP-SM in accordance with ASTM D
2487, less than 2% organic content as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2974 and
free of clods, gravel and debris.
3. Pipe Bedding shall have 100% passing the No.8 sieve and less than 10% passing the No.
200 sieve as determined in accordance with ASTM D 1140.
4-6
F. Clay Plug:
1. The Clay Plug Fill shall be clayey sand or sandy clay (SC or CL) material with at least
35% passing the No. 200 sieve as determined in accordance with ASTM D 1140.
2. The Clay Plug Fill shall be and free of clods, gravel and debris and have less than 2%
organic content as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2974.
G. Riprap:
1. Riprap shall be composed of rubble (consisting of broken stone or broken concrete). The
riprap shall be sound, hard, durable, angular, free of friable particles, organic matter, and
other substances, which may possess undesirable characteristics.
2. The rubble material shall consist of a broken stone or concrete with a bulk specific gravity
of at least 1.9.
3. The riprap size shall comply with FDOT Standard Specification Section 530 for the
specified Rubble (Ditch Lining) and shall have an angular shape.

A. Riprap:
1. The CQA Manager will conduct a visual inspection and field and laboratory testing to
verify the material properties and placement meet the Specifications. The inspection and
testing methods, and frequencies are described in the following sections. Test results for
gradation and physical properties for each imported material shall be submitted to the
CQA Manager or Engineer for approval prior to use.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Protection
A. Protect existing surface and subsurface features on-site and adjacent to site as follows:
1. Provide barricades, coverings, or other types of protection necessary to prevent damage
to existing items indicated to remain in place. This includes, but is not limited to power
transmission poles, guide wires, and power lines; monitoring wells and staff gauges;
irrigation and drainage structures; and associated equipment.
2. Protect and maintain benchmarks, monuments or other established reference points and
property corners. If disturbed or destroyed, the Contractor shall replace them at his/her
own expense to the full satisfaction of the Owner.
3. Verify the location of utilities. The omission or inclusion of utility items does not constitute
non-existence or definite location. Secure and examine local utility records for location
data.
4-7
a. Take necessary precautions to protect existing utilities from damage due to any
construction activity.
b. Repair damages to utility items at Contractor’s own expense.
c. In case of damage, notify the Owner at once so that the required protective
measures may be taken.
4. Do not damage structures not indicated to be removed. Any item known, unknown, or not
properly located that is inadvertently damaged shall be repaired to its original condition.
All repairs shall be made and paid for by the Contractor.
5. Provide full access to public and private premises, fire hydrants, street crossings, and
other points as designated by the Owner or Engineer to prevent interruption of travel.
6. Maintain stockpiles and excavations in such a manner as to prevent inconvenience or
damage to structures on-site or on adjoining property.
7. Avoid surcharge or excavation procedures, which can result in heaving, caving, or slides.
B. Salvageable Items: Carefully remove items to be salvaged, and store as directed by the CQA
Manager or Engineer.
C. Legally dispose of all non-combustible waste materials off site. Combustible material stockpiles
may be burned in accordance with applicable regulations.
3.2 Site Excavation and Grading

A. The Work includes all operations in connection with excavation, borrow, construction of fills and
disposal of excess materials.
B. Excavation:
1. Excavation shall be the removal of all materials within the defined configuration to the
limit of excavation shown on the Drawings excluding stripped material.
2. Excavation shall be graded to provide positive drainage and prevent ponding. For
excavations that cannot be graded to drain, the Contractor shall make provisions for the
equipment and labor necessary to keep the excavations free of standing water.
3. Excavation slopes shall be dewatered as necessary to maintain a firm, stable slope
during construction.
C. Borrow:
1. Provide the necessary amount of approved fill obtained from the mined area within the
interior of the perimeter embankments and spoil piles as shown in the Drawings or
designated by the Owner.
2. The Contractor may not borrow materials from beyond the project limits shown on the
Drawings.
D. Borrow Area Grading:
1. Clearing and stripping of any borrow area shall be completed as necessary to remove
organic materials and vegetation within the area.
2. All salvageable topsoil removed during clearing and stripping shall be stockpiled in areas
4-8
designated as directed by the Owner.

3. Each borrow area shall be developed with consideration for drainage and runoff from the
excavated surface so as not to cause erosion of the adjacent terrain. Each borrow area
shall be excavated in near-horizontal layers and in such a manner that water will not
collect and pond, except as approved by the Owner.
4. The borrow areas shall be seeded in accordance with Section 10 – Seeding and Mulching
upon completion of stripping withing borrow areas.
E. Preparation of Ground Surface for Embankments or Fills:
1. Obtain approval from the CQA Manager or Engineer before starting work activities.
2. The Contractor shall excavate and remove unsuitable materials within the limits of the
dam foundation shown on the Drawings.
3. Subsurface soils that will become the foundation of the dam and associated structures
shall not contain unsuitable materials including muck, mud, waste phosphatic clay,
organic soils, or other material, which would flow or undergo excessive consolidation
under design loads.
3.3 Fill Placement

A. General:
1. Construct embankments and backfills as indicated on the Drawings and Specifications.
Placed fill shall correspond to the shape of the typical cross sections or contours
indicated within the Drawings.
2. During construction, the surface elevation of the fill material placed within the
embankment limits shall not vary more than 4 feet measured perpendicular to the
embankment centerline.
3. Grading of existing high elevation areas can be scraped and used as embankment
foundation fill for lower elevation fill areas provided that it meets the specifications for fill
in the respective areas.
4. In work areas adjoining over steepened slopes (slopes steeper than 2:1
horizontal:vertical) embankment fill should be placed as compacted fill from the toe up in
relatively horizontal lifts. The placed embankment fill should be placed in lifts no greater
than 12-inch lifts that allow for compaction of the embankment fill beyond the planned
slope and allow for final grading and removal of any loose fill along the slope. The
compacted lifts should be keyed into the existing compacted portion of the existing slope.
The key bench shall be a minimum width of 4 feet and maximum height of 1 foot.
Compact the entire surface of the of the fill and bench to achieve a bond between the
new fill and the existing surface.
5. No fill shall be placed on any part of the embankment foundation or previous lift of fill until
such areas have been proof rolled, tested, and approved by the CQA Manager or
Engineer. Any areas that substantially deform under the weight of equipment shall be
corrected.
6. Borrow shall be moisture-conditioned in the borrow area or on the fill pad, as required.
4-9
Supplemental water shall be added to the material by uniform sprinkling on the fill and
shall be mixed by disking and harrowing. Excavated materials which are too wet for
immediate use when excavated shall be moisture conditioned to near optimum for
compaction before use as compacted fill.
7. Pneumatic-tired equipment shall not traffic the top of the Blanket Drain material until 12
inches of Embankment Fill have been placed over the drain material.
B. Placement – Compacted Embankment and Foundation Drainage Zone Fill:
1. The Compacted Embankment and Foundation Drainage Zone Fill used in the compacted
AGE sections shall be mixed such that the soil lift will be free from lenses, pockets, or
layers of material differing in texture, gradation, or moisture from the surrounding
material.
2. The compacted surface of each lift shall be scarified by light disking, sheeps-foot roller or
by any other method approved by the CQA Manager or Engineer before the succeeding
layer is placed.
3. Each lift of fill material shall be spread and leveled by graders or dozers to the maximum
specified loose lift thickness, prior to processing and compaction.
4. The Contractor shall not stockpile fill on the embankment alignment prior to spreading to
the specified loose lift thickness.
5. The Contractor shall place the Embankment and Foundation Drainage Zone Fill in loose
lifts no greater than 12-inches thick for machine-placed fill and loose lifts 6-inches thick
for hand-placed fill. The fill lift thickness shall not be greater than the vertical reach of the
soil mixing equipment.
6. Lift thickness shall be controlled by the Contractor by temporary grade stakes.
7. The entire surface of any section of the embankment under construction shall be
maintained in such condition that construction equipment can travel on any part of any
one section. Ruts in the surface of any layer shall be removed by scarifying before
placing and compacting additional material.
8. Where the ground surface is steeper than 4H:1V, each new lift of soil shall be benched
into the existing surface prior to compaction of the new lift of fill. The bench shall be a
minimum of 4 feet wide and a maximum of 1 foot high. Compact the entire surface of the
fill and bench to achieve a bond between the new fill and the existing surface.
9. When placing Compacted Embankment Fill, the more clayey/silty materials with fines
contents greater than 20% shall be placed upstream of the embankment centerline.
Sandy embankment fill with fines content less than 20% shall be placed downstream of
the centerline. The Compacted Embankment Fill shall generally consist of uniform
materials and shall not include lenses or layers of sands with lower fines content or vary
by more than 10% fines from lift to lift.
10. The outer sections of the Compacted Embankment Fill shall be compacted to the lines
and grade shown in the Drawings and in accordance with these specifications. The fill
lifts must be initially over-built (wide) in order to facilitate safe trafficking by scraper pans,
trucks, rollers and dozers performing compaction near the edge of the fill lifts. The over-
built section shall be cut back to the specified lines and grades, taking care not to leave
4-10
any uncompacted material along the outer edges.

11. The Compacted Embankment Fill shall be compacted to the designated crest level, which
includes the freeboard section excluding edge safety berms.
C. Placement – Dozer Compacted Fill:
1. The Dozer Compacted Fill used in the compacted perimeter components (Toe Road,
EDCS, Ramps and Benches) shall be mixed such that the soil lift will be free from lenses,
pockets, or layers of material differing in texture, gradation, or moisture from the
surrounding material.
layer is placed.
4. The Contractor shall not stockpile fill on the component alignments prior to spreading to
the specified loose lift thickness.
5. The Contractor shall place the Dozer Compacted Fill in loose lifts no greater than 24-
inches thick for machine-placed fill and loose lifts 6-inches thick for hand-placed fill. The
fill lift thickness shall not be greater than the vertical reach of the soil mixing equipment.
7. The entire surface of any section of the component under construction shall be
maintained in such condition that construction equipment can travel on any part of any
one section. Ruts in the surface of any layer shall be removed by scarifying before
placing and compacting additional material.
8. Where the ground surface is steeper than 4H:1V, each new lift of soil shall be benched
into the existing surface prior to compaction of the new lift of fill. The bench shall be a
minimum of 4 feet wide and a maximum of 1 foot high. Compact the entire surface of the
fill and bench to achieve a bond between the new fill and the existing surface.
9. The outer sections of the Dozer Compacted embankment fill shall be compacted to the
lines and grade shown in the Drawings and in accordance with these specifications. The
fill lifts must be initially over-built (wide) in order to facilitate safe trafficking by scraper
pans, trucks, rollers and dozers performing compaction near the edge of the fill lifts. The
over-built section shall be cut back to the specified lines and grades, taking care not to
leave any uncompacted material along the outer edges.
10. The Dozer Compacted components shall be compacted to the designated crest or traffic
surface level, which excludes the edge safety berms.
D. Placement – Spillway Tower Pad Foundation Fill:
1. The fill placed within 5 feet of the spillway tower pad foundation shall be mixed such that
the soil lift will be free from lenses, pockets, or layers of material differing in texture,
gradation, or moisture from the surrounding material.
4-11
by any other method approved by the Engineer before the succeeding layer is placed.
4. The Contractor shall place the fill in loose lifts no greater than 12-inches thick (for
machine-placed fill and no greater than 6-inches thick for hand-placed fill. The fill lift
thickness shall not be greater than the vertical reach of the soil mixing equipment. Lift
thickness shall be controlled by the Contractor by temporary grade stakes.
5. The entire surface of any section under construction shall be maintained in such condition
that construction equipment can travel on any part of any one section. Ruts in the surface
of any layer shall be removed by scarifying before placing and compacting additional
material.
E. Placement – Blanket and Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill:
1. Sand Tailings will be used to construct the Blanket and Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill along
the base of the downstream sections of the perimeter embankments, along the spillway
discharge pipes (diaphragm and filter drain) through the embankment and at designated
drainage or bedding zones throughout the project area.
2. Blanket Drain Fill used within the base of the downstream portion of the perimeter dam
shall be placed in 24-inch maximum loose lifts and leveled by a dozer to avoid over-
compaction.
3. Diaphragm and Filter Drain Fill will be used within the base of the downstream portion of
the perimeter dam at the spillway embankment at the spillway discharges. The Drain Fill
shall be placed in 24-inch maximum loose lifts and leveled by a dozer to avoid over-
compaction.
4. The Contractor shall not stockpile Drain Fill on the embankment alignment prior to
spreading to the specified loose lift thickness.
5. Scraper pans and dump trucks shall not be allowed to traffic over the exposed Drain Fill
surface. The first lift of the Embankment Fill placed above the Drain Fill shall be dumped
next to the exposed sand and pushed out onto the Drain Fill surface with a dozer.
6. The Contractor shall be responsible to avoid any contamination of the Blanket and
Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill with fines from wind-blown soils or stormwater runoff. The
Drain Fill shall be covered as soon as practical with the dam embankment fill to protect it
from becoming contaminated, displaced, or damaged in any way that impairs its
effectiveness.
7. One foot of Embankment Fill or other approved fill shall be dozer-spread/placed over the
Blanket and Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill prior to trafficking by pans and trucks.
F. Placement – Drain Rock:
1. The Drain Rock used in the Seepage Collection Drains and Surface Water Conveyances
shall be dumped and spread by a small crawler-type tractor or blade.
2. The Contractor shall not stockpile Drain Rock on the drainage component alignment prior
4-12
to spreading to the specified loose lift thickness.

3. In areas where the Drain Rock layer will be placed around pipework installed above level
ground and not in a constructed trench, the Drain Rock layer must be placed and spread
prior to pipe installation.
4. A trench shall be excavated into the Drain Rock layer for the required pipes after the
Drain Rock has been spread to the required thickness. The trench can be either “V” or
rectangular in shape.
5. Backfilling of the pipework shall be performed in a manner that does not damage the pipe
or cause the pipe to be displaced.
G. Placement – Clay Plug:
1. The Clay Plug material shall be mixed such that the soil lift will be free from lenses,
pockets, or layers of material differing in texture, gradation, or moisture from the
surrounding material.
layer is placed.
3. Each lift of Clay Plug material shall be spread and leveled by graders or dozers to the
maximum specified loose lift thickness, prior to processing and compaction.
4. The Contractor shall place the Clay Plug in loose lifts no greater than 12-inches thick for
machine-placed fill and loose lifts 6-inches thick for hand-placed fill.
6. The entire surface of the Clay Plug under construction shall be maintained in such
condition that construction equipment can travel on any part of any one section. Ruts in
the surface of any layer shall be removed by scarifying before placing and compacting
additional material.
7. The Clay Plug shall be installed to the dimensions and conditions as required in the
Drawings.
A. Placement – Riprap:
1. The Riprap shall be dumped and spread within areas designated on the Drawings.
2. The Contractor shall not stockpile Riprap on the embankment alignment prior to
spreading to the specified loose lift thickness.
B. Moisture Control:
1. The materials in each layer of the fill shall contain the amount of moisture within the limits
specified below, necessary to obtain the specified compaction. Material that is not within
the specified limits at the time of compaction shall be reworked.
2. The moisture content after compaction shall be as uniform as practicable throughout any
given layer as determined by CQA testing.
a. Material that is too wet should be moisture conditioned in the borrow area or at
the Contractor’s option can be spread on the embankment and dried; assisted by
4-13
disking or harrowing, if necessary, until the moisture content is within the

specified limits.
b. When the material is too dry, water shall be added and uniformly blended into the
material as necessary until the moisture content is raised to near optimum for
compaction.
c. Harrowing, disking, or other approved methods will be required to work the
moisture into the material until a uniform distribution of moisture is obtained.
3. If, in the opinion of the CQA Manager or Engineer, the top or contact surfaces of the
partial fill section become too dry to permit a suitable bond between these surfaces and
the additional fill to be placed thereon:
a. Loosen the dried materials by scarifying, harrowing or disking to such depths as
may be directed.
b. Dampen the loosened material to an acceptable moisture content.
c. Compact this layer to the applicable requirements.
C. Compaction:
1. Compact by trafficking scraper pans, trucks, tamping-foot roller, or by other equipment as
required to obtain the specified density. Control moisture for each layer necessary to
meet the requirements of compaction.
a. Compacted Embankment Fill, Foundation Drainage Zone, and Clay Plug Fill shall
have a moisture content in the range of -1 (dry) to +3 (wet) percent of the
optimum moisture content and compacted to 95% or greater of maximum dry
density as determined by the Standard Proctor Test Method (ASTM D 698).
b. Dozer Compacted Fill shall have a moisture content in the range of -3 (dry) to +3
(wet) percent of the optimum moisture content and compacted to 95% or greater
of maximum dry density as determined by the Standard Proctor Test Method
(ASTM D 698).
c. The Blanket and Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill shall be moisture conditioned as
needed and compacted to achieve a minimum relative density of 40 percent and
determined by Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density of Soils and
Calculation of Relative Density (ASTM D 4254).
d. The Spillway Decant Tower Pad Foundation fill shall be placed at a moisture
content in the range of -1 (dry) to +1 (wet) percent of the optimum moisture
content for compaction, moisture conditioned as needed, and compacted to 98%
or greater of maximum dry density as determined by Modified Proctor Test
Method (ASTM D 1557).
e. If moisture conditions cannot be achieved near optimum for compaction, an
acceptable moisture content may be agreed to with the CQA Manager or
Engineer.
f. Riprap and drainage rock should be placed to a firm, unyielding condition.
2. Following completion of embankment placement and compaction, the Contractor shall
grade embankment slopes smooth and free from irregular surface changes. The degree
of finish shall be that ordinarily obtained from a motor grader or similar operations.
4-14
3. The Contractor shall re-grade the inside and outside dam slopes after any damage that
occurs due to surface erosion. Any erosion deeper than 18 inches shall be over-
excavated and backfilled with fill meeting the specified moisture and density criteria.
3.4 Compaction Density Requirements

A. The CQA Manager and designated Inspectors will be present during foundation subgrade
preparation, placement, and compaction of the drainage structures, Embankment Fill, Clay
Plug Material and during other critical tasks.
B. Prior to the startup of fill placement Standard and Modified Proctor Test compaction curves will
be prepared for typical materials planned for use by the contractor.
C. The Contractor shall notify the Inspector when fill operations associated with the Work are to
commence 24 hours prior to the start of fill placement.
D. The Contractor shall obtain approval from the CQA Manager or Engineer regarding suitability of
soils and acceptable subgrade conditions prior to subsequent fill placement operations.
E. The Owner with the cooperation of the Contractor shall provide any dewatering system
necessary to successfully complete dewatering for compaction and construction requirements.
The groundwater level shall be maintained at a minimum of 3 feet below the compacted
surface.
F. Loose, wet, or soft material shall be removed and replaced with suitable material as approved
by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
G. The testing representatives of the CQA Manager and Engineer shall test the Compacted
Embankment, Foundation Drainage Zone, Clay Plug and Dozer Compacted Fill sections for in-
place density and moisture content at the rate of at least one test for every 2,000 cubic yards of
fill placed.
H. The testing representatives of the CQA Manager and Engineer shall test the Spillway Decant
Tower Pad Foundation Fill for in-place density and moisture content at the rate of at least one
test for every 1,000 cubic yards of fill placed or once per lift, whichever id the highest test
frequency.
I. The testing representatives of the CQA Manager and Engineer shall test the Blanket and
Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill for in-place density and moisture content at the rate of at least one
test for every 2,000 cubic yards of fill placed.
J. The Contractor shall assure that compaction densities comply with the following requirements:
4-15
Table 4-1: Compaction Density Requirements
Location Minimum Compaction Moisture Content

Density (ASTM Method)
Compacted Embankment, 95% of Standard Proctor Within -1 to +3

Foundation Drainage Zone maximum dry density, percent of optimum
and Clay Plug (D 698) moisture content
Dozer Compacted Fill 95% of Standard Proctor Within -3 to +3

maximum dry density, percent of optimum
(D 698) moisture content
Blanket and 40 % (± 5%) of maximum As required to

Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fill relative density, facilitate density
(D 4253 & D 4254) requirement
Spillway Decant Tower Pad 98% of Modified Proctor Within -1 to +1

Foundation maximum dry density, percent of optimum
(D 1557) moisture content
K. Nuclear methods (ASTM D 6938) or Density of soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder (ASTM
D2937) may be used for the determination of in-place densities. If the nuclear method is used,
one drive cylinder test shall be performed for every 10 nuclear method tests. The density
correlations between the two test methods shall be submitted with the test results. Pending
satisfactory correlation results, drive cylinder testing may be performed at a lower frequency
with the Engineer’s approval.
L. Any single in-placed density test failing the specified compaction level or moisture content
criteria shall be classified as a failing test and the fill lift section material represented by the
failing test shall be re-processed by the Contractor.
M. The CQA Manager will prepare for the Engineer a report summarizing construction completed.
All test data will be tabulated and plotted, noting any reprocessing of failed material and
retesting.
4-16
3.5 Laboratory and Field Testing Requirements

A. To ensure the material identified in Part 2.2 Materials above is to specification, the testing
frequency will be as follows:
Table 4-2: Laboratory and Field Testing Requirements
Location Test Type ASTM Test CQA Frequency

Reference
Compacted Moisture Content D 2216 Every 10,000 CY placed, and 1 per

Embankment, Fines Content D1140 type or new source
Foundation Drainage
Zone, Dozer Nuclear Field Density D 6938 Every 2,000 CY placed or 1 per lift
Compacted and Clay
Plug Fill Every 20,000 CY placed
Atterberg Limits D 4318
Organic Content D 2974
Maximum Dry Density- D 698
Standard Proctor
Spillway Decant Moisture Content D 2216 Every 10,000 CY placed, and 1 per
Tower Pad Foundation Fines Content D1140 type or new source
Fill Atterberg Limits D 4318
Organic Content D 2974
Maximum Dry Density- D 1557
Modified Proctor
Nuclear Field Density D 6938 Every 1,000 CY placed or 1 per lift
Drain Rock Gradation C 117 / C 136 1 per type or new source provided
by the supplier
Blanket and Moisture D 2216 Every 10,000 CY, and 1 per type or
Diaphragm/Filter Drain Fines Content D 1140 new source
Fill Organic Content D 2974
Nuclear Field Density D6938 Every 2,000 CY placed
Relative Density D 4253 / D 4254 Every 20,000 CY placed
B. The CQA Manager or Engineer may adjust the testing frequencies or methods dependent on
the consistency of the fill materials and the performance of the earthworks operations.
C. The CQA Manager will inspect the finished grade for each lift of fill and provide a Subgrade
Acceptance Form for the designated area. The Contractor shall notify the CQA Manager when
the subgrade area is ready for inspection.
D. The CQA Manager will collect and direct testing of fill samples in accordance with the methods
and frequencies noted above. The Contractor shall provide access to sampling locations.
Testing for compliance with specifications. Testing may take multiple days based on the testing
methods. The Contractor should make allowances for the testing durations in their schedule.
4-17
3.6 Placement Requirements

A. The CQA Manager or their representative will be present during embankment construction,
placement, and compaction tasks.
B. The Contractor shall notify the CQA Manager when fill placement operations associated with
the Work are to commence 24 hours prior to the start of fill placement.
C. The Contractor shall obtain approval from the CQA Manager or Engineer regarding suitability of
soils and acceptance of subgrade conditions prior to subsequent fill placement operations.
D. The Owner in cooperation with the Contractor shall provide any dewatering system necessary
to complete compaction and meet construction requirements. The groundwater level shall be
maintained at a minimum of 3 feet below the compacted surface.
E. Loose, wet, or soft material shall be removed and replaced with suitable material as approved
3.7 Disposal of Materials

A. All excess excavation material, combustible material, and topsoil stripping shall be disposed of
in the interior borrow areas. All other materials shall be removed from the Project site.
B. Material disposed of in the excavated portion of the borrow area shall be placed in a contiguous
area approved by the Owner.
C. No excavated earth materials shall be disposed of off the project site without prior approval
from the Owner.
4-18
SECTION 5 Dewatering February 9, 2024
SECTION 5 DEWATERING
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. This section specifies performance of dewatering required to lower and control surface water, pit
water, and groundwater levels from various parts of the work to permit excavation, backfill, and
construction to be performed in the dry. Control of surface water shall be considered as part of
the work under this specification. The work includes:
1. Designing, furnishing, installing, operating, and maintaining temporary impounding,
dewatering, and diversion systems,
2. Furnish, install, operate and maintain all necessary dewatering wells, pumps, piping
and other facilities and equipment,
3. Managing and disposing of water in accordance with project and state
requirements, and
4. Removing all such temporary works and equipment after they have served their
purposes.

1.3 Definitions
A. Dewatering includes the following:
1. Lowering of the groundwater table and intercepting horizontal water seepage to prevent
groundwater from entering excavations.
2. Reducing piezometric pressure within strata to prevent failure or heaving of excavations
and excavation slopes.
3. Diversion and/or capture of surface water runoff from open excavations and areas
immediately upslope of the excavations.
4. Diversion and/or capture of leakage of water through the temporary upstream cofferdams.
5. Disposing of removed water via discharge to permitted location(s).
B. Monitoring is defined as a system of monitoring wells and instrumentation to record water
levels, flow rates, and discharge volumes to document conditions affecting excavation.
1.4 Submittals
A. The Contractor shall identify the proposed locations and discharge quantities of discharge
points to the Owner’s mine water recirculation system.
B. The Contractor shall submit an Excavation Dewatering Plan (EDP) detailing the approach for
capture, control, and discharge of surface waters and groundwater resulting from dewatering.
The Plan shall address the following requirements of the dewatering program:
5-1
1. Lower the water table within the base of the excavation to a minimum of 3 feet below
bottom of the excavation to permit work to be completed on a dry and stable subgrade.
2. Lower the water table along excavation slopes as necessary to provide a stable
excavation slope.
3. Relieve hydrostatic pressures in water-bearing strata below excavation to eliminate the
risk of uplift or other instabilities.
4. Prevent the loss of fines, quick condition, heaving, or softening of excavation subgrades.
5. Maintain the stability of sides and bottoms of excavations.
6. Collect and remove surface water.
7. Collect and remove leakage through the upstream cofferdams.
C. Submit EDP and associated Shop Drawings to the Engineer for review and approval. The Plan
and Drawings shall include at least the following items:
1. Dewatering system components and layout including drainage trench geometry, well
depths, well screen lengths, dewatering pump locations, pipe sizes and capacities,
grades, filter sand gradations, surface water control devices, valves, and water disposal
method and location.
2. Methods to seal leaks in temporary and permanent excavation support and protection
systems if used.
3. Methods to seal and/or control leakage through the temporary upstream cofferdams.
4. Primary and standby power system location and capacity.
5. Layout and depth of additional monitoring wells and piezometers (not included as part of
the geotechnical instrumentation plan shown on the Drawings) for system performance
measurement, if required.
6. A Detailed description of dewatering and monitoring system installation procedures, well
development procedures, and maintenance of equipment. The description shall include
how dewatering systems will be installed to ensure that each excavation stage is
performed in the dry.
7. Description of emergency procedures, including provisions for spare pumps and other
required equipment, emergency generators, and provisions for supervision of the
dewatering system.
8. Product Data: Submit data for each of the following:
a. Dewatering Pumps: Indicate sizes, capacities, priming method, and motor
characteristics.
b. Pumping equipment for control of surface water within excavations.
9. Design values, analyses, and calculations to support design.
10. Dewatering system removal and decommissioning procedures.
11. Closeout Submittals:
5-2
► Closeout submittals shall follow the requirements in the Section Execution and
Closeout Requirements.
► Provide an Excavation Dewatering Closeout Report summarizing the
decommissioning of the dewatering systems.
► Project Record Documents: Record actual locations and depths of grouted
wells and grouted piping abandoned in place.
1.5 Qualifications
A. The EDP shall be prepared under the direct supervision of an individual experienced in the
design of these systems. All shop drawings and calculations included in the EDP shall be
signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer licensed in the State of Florida.
1.6 Responsibilities: (not used)

1.7 Certifications and Testing: (not used)
1.8 Inspection Coordination: (not used)
1.9 Warranty: (not used)
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 General
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated with delays, permitting activities,
fees, penalties, spills, clean-up, malfunctions, or failures of any of the equipment associated
with the dewatering program.
2.2 Dewatering Equipment

A. Dewatering equipment shall meet specified performance requirements.
B. Dewatering equipment shall be provided to remove and dispose of all surface and groundwater
entering excavations, trenches, channels and other parts of the work during construction. Each
excavation shall be kept dry during subgrade preparation and continually thereafter until the
structure is completed to the extent that no damage from hydrostatic pressure, flotation or other
impacts will result.
2.3 Monitoring Equipment

A. Select monitoring equipment to meet specified performance requirements, and provide, at a
minimum, monitoring of water table elevations, pumping flow rates, and discharge volumes.
2.4 Dewatering and Monitoring Wells

A. Provide all materials required for installation and operation of pumping and monitoring wells
including, but not limited to, filter sands, grout, piping, valves, and fittings, as per the designs
provided in the approved EDP.
5-3
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation
A. Perform additional borings and investigations to supplement existing subsurface investigations
as required to complete the dewatering system design.
B. Existing groundwater levels throughout the SFM-11 project area are presented in the
Geotechnical Data Report. Groundwater levels around the site perimeter shall be maintained
above minimum levels in accordance with Mosaic’s facility operating permits.
C. Mosaic will provide a dewatering transfer system to remove water from the pit to designated
areas for use by the Contractor. The Contractor is responsible for installing and operating pit
dewatering systems to deliver to Mosaic’s transfer point.
3.2 Protection
A. Removal of water from excavations shall be accomplished in such a manner that erosion and
the transmission of sediment and other pollutants are minimized.
B. Maintain accessibility to all components of the dewatering system continuously during
construction operations.
C. Protection of all dewatering equipment and accessories from damage due to construction
activities shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
3.3 Field Quality Control

A. Monitor and record the following daily, either manually or via automated instrumentation, as
applicable:
1. Average discharge flow rate for each dewatering well.
2. Water levels in pumping and monitoring wells.
3. Total discharge volume of groundwater from dewatering system.
B. Submit as-built drawings of trench drains and well installation details, including, but not limited
to, ground elevation, total depth, depth, backfill and grout quantity, results of well development,
initial dewatering flow rates, and specifications of all instrumentation, pumps, valves, fittings
installed at each well, as per the requirements of the Excavation Dewatering Plan.
C. Provide a weekly Dewatering Status Report including:
1. Water levels in monitoring and dewatering wells.
2. Documentation of unusual maintenance or operational events.
3.4 Installation
A. Dewatering System
1. The dewatering system shall be installed to prevent potential seepage within the
excavation area from surrounding perimeter grades and from the base of the pit.
2. The dewatering system shall be adequate to pre-drain the water-bearing strata above and
below the bottom of structure foundations, utilities, and excavations to a minimum depth
5-4
of 3 feet below the working surface.

3. Install the dewatering system in accordance with the approved EDP.
4. Locate system components to allow continuous dewatering operations without interfering
with the installation of permanent Work.
5. Install wells, trenches, channels, pump valves and fittings in types, sizes, and depths
indicated in the EDP.
6. If required, develop wells in accordance with procedures specified in EDP. Test wells for
proper water flow and pumping rate for dewatering system operation. Repeat
development until well meets performance requirements.
7. Test well for proper water flow and pumping rate for dewatering system operation. Repeat
development until well meets performance requirements.
B. Surface Water Control System
1. Provide ditches, berms, cofferdams, and other devices to divert and drain surface water
from excavation area.
2. Divert surface water within excavation areas into sumps and discharge water in
accordance with the approved EDP, and the applicable requirements and agencies
having authority.
3. Adjust and/or add dewatering measures as necessary to control and remove
unanticipated water seepage into excavations.
C. Monitoring Wells
1. Install monitoring wells at locations indicated in the approved EDP.
2. Develop and test each monitoring well to verify that installation is performing properly.
3. Install instrumentation, calibrate, and test for proper operation.
4. Maintain monitoring wells until groundwater is allowed to return to normal levels.
3.5 Operation
A. Prior to any excavation below the surface water, pit water, and groundwater levels, place the
dewatering system into operation to lower the groundwater table as required. The dewatering
system shall and operate continuously 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, until the work is
complete.
B. Dewatering will be required by the Contractor within the pond interior for management of mine
cuts, ponds and borrow pits, excavations or removal of unsuitable soils, and for placement of fill
within the project limits.
C. Surface water levels in the mine pit area within the project limits will be maintained at or below
Elevation of +80 feet (NGVD29) by the Owner within 30 days of receiving Notice to Proceed
and continuing the duration of the project or subsequent changes agreed with the Contractor.
Dewatering below an Elevation +75 feet will be required to prepare borrow sources and
foundation areas within the mine pit area during construction.
5-5
D. Dewatering of mine cuts in the vicinity of available overburden soil spoil piles shall be
completed as required to obtain the necessary quantity of borrow soils.
E. Operate the dewatering system continuously until backfilling is complete.
F. Provide supervision of the dewatering system by personnel skilled in operation, maintenance,
and replacement of system components.
G. Conduct daily observation of the dewatering system and monitoring systems. Make required
repairs and perform scheduled maintenance.
H. Fill fuel tanks before the fuel level in the tank falls below 25 percent capacity.
I. Start emergency generators at least twice each week to check operating conditions.
J. When the dewatering system cannot control water within excavation as required by this
specification, notify CQA Manager or Engineer and stop excavation work.
1. Supplement or modify the dewatering system and provide other remedial measures to
control water within the excavation.
2. Demonstrate dewatering system operation complies with performance requirements
before resuming excavation operations.
K. Modify dewatering and surface water control systems when operation causes or threatens to
cause damage to new construction, existing site improvements, or potentially impact the safety
of workers and equipment.
L. Correct unanticipated pressure conditions affecting dewatering system performance.
M. Do not discontinue dewatering operations without CQA Manager or Engineer’s approval,
except in response to an immediate and dire emergency. In case of such as emergency, the
CQA Manager or Engineer shall be notified as soon as practicable.
3.6 Water Disposal

A. Excavation Dewatering
1. The Contractor shall be responsible for providing all facilities required to divert, collect,
control, and remove water from all construction work areas and excavations.
2. The Owner will designate approved storage areas to receive the dewatering water
removed from the work area.
3. Drainage features shall have sufficient capacity to avoid flooding of work areas.
4. Drainage features shall be so arranged and altered as required to avoid degradation of
the final excavated surface(s).
5. The Contractor shall utilize all necessary erosion and sediment control measures as
described herein to avoid construction-related degradation of the natural water quality.
B. Dewatering equipment shall be provided to remove and dispose of all surface and groundwater
entering excavations, trenches, or other parts of the work during construction. Each excavation
shall be kept dry during subgrade preparation and continually thereafter until the structure to be
built, or the pipe to be installed therein, is completed to the extent that no damage from
hydrostatic pressure, flotation, or other cause will result.
5-6
3.7 Standby Equipment

A. Provide complete standby equipment, installed and available for immediate operation. Standby
equipment shall be adequate to maintain de-watering continuously if all or any part of the
system may become inadequate or fail.
3.8 Corrective Action

A. If dewatering requirements are not satisfied due to inadequacy or failure of the dewatering
system, the Contractor shall perform work necessary for repair of foundation soil and damaged
structures at no additional cost to the Owner. Indications of inadequacy or failure of the
dewatering system may include but not limited to loosening of the foundation strata, instability
of slopes, or damage to foundations or structures.
5-7
SECTION 6 Seepage Collection Drain February 9, 2024
SECTION 6 SEEPAGE COLLECTION AND SURFACE WATER PIPING
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. This section covers the Seepage Collection Drain(s) and Surface Water Conveyance Pipes
installed at the designated locations as shown on the Drawings.

1. ASTM D 1784 – Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds
and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds.
2. ASTM D 1785 – Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40, 80, and 120.
3. ASTM D 2321 – Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for
Sewers and other Gravity-Flow Applications.
4. ASTM D 2665 – Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain,
Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings.
5. ASTM D 2672 – Standard Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent
Cement.
6. ASTM D 2855 – Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings.
7. ASTM D 3034 – Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer
Pipe and Fittings.
8. ASTM D 3350 – Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Materials.
9. ASTM F 405 – Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and
Fittings.
10. ASTM F 412 – Definitions of Terms Relating to Plastic Piping Systems.
11. ASTM F 477 – Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic
Pipe.
12. ASTM F 667 – Standard Specification for Large Diameter Corrugated Polyethylene (PE)
Tubing and Fittings.
13. ASTM F 794 – Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity
Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter.
B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):
1. AASHTO M252, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Tubing,
75mm to 250 mm (3” to 10”) Diameter.
2. AASHTO M294, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Tubing,
6-1
300mm to 1200 mm (12” to 36”) Diameter.

3. AASHTO M288, Standard Specification for Geotextile Specifications for Highway
applications.

1.4 Submittals
A. The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with a supplier product specifications or shop drawing
for perforated and/or solid pipe at least 4 weeks prior to construction for approval.
B. The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with applicable supplier product specifications or
shop drawing for joint and fitting samples along with a detailed installation procedure at least 4
weeks prior to construction for approval.
C. The Contractor shall submit a Pipe Installation Plan at least 30 days prior to installation. The
Plan shall include:
1. A schedule for installation.
2. Shop drawings, specification sheets, and test results demonstrating that the pipe and
fittings, Drain Rock and Sand Tailings fill, and all other incidental materials for each pipe
comply with the requirements of this Section.
D. The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with supplier product specifications of the geotextile
filter fabrics at least 4 weeks prior to construction for approval.
1. For needle-punched geotextiles, the Manufacturer shall certify that the geotextile has
been continuously inspected using permanent online full-width metal detectors and does
not contain any needles that could damage other geosynthetic layers.
2. The Contractor shall submit details of the proposed sewing method for field seams of
each type of geotextile (type of stitch, number of stitches per inch, number of stitching
rows, distance from the edge of the geotextile to the stitches, and weight and type of
thread) and a minimum 3-foot long sample of the sewn seam for each type of geotextile
for approval by the Engineer.

1.6 Responsibilities (not used)
6-2
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials
A. Pipe
1. 6- to 12-inch Seepage Collection Drain and Surface Water Conveyance pipes shall
consist of corrugated single wall HDPE drainage pipe. The pipe shall be Type C or CP
shall meet AASHTO M252 pipe less than 10 inches in diameter and AASHTO M294 for
pipe greater than 10 inches in diameter.
2. Where perforations are required per Plan, perforated pipe shall be perforated at 120o
spacings around the circumference of the pipe cross-section with 0.375-inch diameter
perforations. Perforations shall be spaced along the length of the pipe appropriately to
provide an inflow capacity of 0.04 gpm per linear foot of pipe. All perforations shall be
cleanly cut to the size, orientation, and spacing specified.
3. All pipe connections, including joints and fittings, shall meet or exceed the soil-tight
requirements of AASHTO M252 or M294 and the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations.
The Contractor shall supply the Engineer with all information of joining method for his/her
evaluation. Only jointing methods acceptable to the Engineer will be permitted.
4. The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and essentially uniform in color,
opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign
inclusions, and any other visible defects that may affect serviceability.
B. Corrugated Metal Pipe (SFM-11 HRWD Culverts)
1. Corrugated Metal Pipe shall be fabricated with helical corrugations that fully develop the
strength of the metal. Fabrication of the pipe shall be in full compliance with AASHTO
M36-03 (R2011). All Fabrication shall occur within the United States.
2. The asphalt coating shall conform to the applicable requirement of coating, paving and
lining for AASHTO M190.
3. The corrugated pipe shall be 8-gauge, made from zinc-coated steel sheets, which shall
conform, to ASTM A 414/A 414M-10. Corrugation shall be 3 inches by 1 inch.
4. The corrugated pipe shall be connected using coupling bands. Coupling bands and
fasteners shall be made of the same base metal and coatings as the corrugated metal
pipe.
5. The pipe shall consist of 40-foot sections and portions thereof of 96-inch galvanized,
corrugated, asphalt-coated, 8-gauge steel culvert pipes.
6. The corrugations shall form smooth continuous curves and tangents. The radius of
curvature of any corrugation profile shall be at least one-half the depth of the
corrugations.
7. The average inside diameter of circular pipe shall not vary more than one (1) percent or
1/2-inch, whichever is greater; from the nominal diameter when measured on the inside
crest of the corrugation.
8. Corrugation depth shall conform to the applicable requirements of paragraph 13.1 of
ASTM A 414 when measured on the outside.
6-3
9. Pipe section ends shall be rerolled with annular corrugations providing male and female
ends.
10. Any sections or units of the specified metal on which the coating has been damaged or
burned by flame cutting and/or arc welding shall be cleaned with a wire brush, painted
with two (2) coats of zinc oxide paint, and then recoated with bituminous mastic.
C. Pipe Bedding Material
1. Seepage collection Pipe Bedding shall consist of Drain Rock as specified in Section 4.
2. Surface water piping Pipe Bedding shall consist of Embankment Fill as specified in
Section
D. Backfill Material
1. Seepage collection Backfill Material shall consist of Drain Rock as specified in Section 4.
2. Surface water piping Backfill Material shall consist of Embankment Fill as specified in
Section 4
E. Geotextile
1. The Geotextile shall be a non-woven geotextile. The geotextile shall be made from
polyolefin or polyesters with the elongation less than 50 percent. It shall comply with the
following properties determined according to AASHTO M288. The strength values shown
are for the weaker principal direction.
► Mass per Unit Area: 10 oz/sy.
► Equal or exceed the AASHTO M288, Class 1.
► Apparent Opening Size: No. 100 sieve, maximum.
► Permittivity: 0.5 per second, minimum.
► Puncture Strength: 80 pounds, minimum.
► Grab Tensile Strength: 200 pounds, minimum.
► Sewn Seam Strength: 180 pounds, minimum.
2. The thread for the sewn seams shall consist of high-strength polyester, nylon, or other
approved material with comparable chemical compatibility as the geotextile. It shall have
a contrasting color to the geotextile.
F. Concrete Inlet
1. The Concrete Inlet at the seepage collection pipes shall be constructed of cast in place
concrete and placed in accordance with the Drawings and Section 7 of these
Specifications.
6-4
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Earthwork
A. Excavating, trenching, and backfilling are specified in Section 4.
3.2 Storage and Handling

A. Follow all applicable safety regulations when handling pipe.
B. Comply with the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations for handling and storing pipe and
fittings.
C. Store pipe on clean, level ground.
D. Do not expose pipe to the sun for extended periods to avoid bowing due to uneven expansion
and contraction.
E. Do not drop pipe on uneven surfaces or into pipe trench.
F. Do not drag pipe or strike pipe against another object.
G. Do not leave geotextile uncovered for more than 14 days.
3.3 Seepage Collection Drain Installation

A. Hand-place geotextile within the excavated trench in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations. All seams shall be sewn using a two-thread chain stitch as recommended
by the manufacturer. Tie off the thread at the end of each seam to prevent raveling and place
an extra line of stitching with a minimum eighteen (18) inches overlap at any skipped stitches or
discontinuities.
B. Place the supporting layer of the drainage course (Drain Rock) over the geotextile to a
minimum 6-inch depth beneath the pipe and surface water inlet sump bottom.
C. Install the corrugated HDPE drainpipe and perforated pipe beginning at low points of the
system, to the grades and alignment indicated in the Drawings. The pipe shall be bedded with
full bearing on the Drain Rock. Install gaskets, seals, sleeves, and couplings according to the
manufacturer’s written instructions and other requirements indicated.
D. Install piping pitched down in the direction of flow at a minimum slope of 0.5 percent.
E. Lay perforated pipe such that one row of perforations is oriented along the pipe invert.
F. Use increasers, reducers, and couplings made for different sizes or materials of pipes and
fittings being connected. Reduction of pipe size in the direction of flow is prohibited.
G. Install corrugated HDPE perforated drainage pipe according to ASTM D 2321.
H. Join corrugated HDPE perforated drainage pipe and fittings according to ASTM F 477 and the
manufacturer’s written instructions.
3.4 Surface Water Drain Installation

A. Place the supporting layer of the drainage course (Drain Rock) to a minimum 6-inch depth
beneath the pipe.
6-5
B. Install the corrugated HDPE drainpipe pipe beginning at low points of the system, to the grades
and alignment indicated in the Drawings. The pipe shall be bedded with full bearing on the
Drain Rock. Install gaskets, seals, sleeves, and couplings according to the manufacturer’s
written instructions and other requirements indicated.
C. Install piping pitched down in the direction of flow at a minimum slope of 0.5 percent.
D. Use increasers, reducers, and couplings made for different sizes or materials of pipes and
fittings being connected. Reduction of pipe size in the direction of flow is prohibited.
E. Install corrugated HDPE drainage pipe according to ASTM D 2321 and the manufacturers
installation guidelines.
F. Join corrugated HDPE drainage pipe and fittings according to the manufacturer’s installation
guidelines.
3.5 Corrugated Metal Pipe Installation

A. General:
1. Pipe installation shall be in accordance with AASHTO Standard Specifications for
Highway Bridges.
2. During construction, the elevation of pipe inverts shall be maintained according to plan.
3. Construction loads may be greater than design loads. The contractor shall follow pipe
manufacturers recommendations for additional compacted material.
4. Pipe shall be backfilled in accordance with the respective backfill material in accordance
with the Specifications and Drawings and the backfill material shall be installed as
required for placement.
3.6 Protection and Repairs

A. Care shall be exercised during construction not to damage the pipe and fittings. Construction
equipment shall not be allowed to pass over any pipe until a minimum of 3 feet of hand-
compacted fill is placed over the crown of the pipe.
B. Any pipe section, fitting, or joint that becomes broken, cracked, crushed, cut, scratched,
gouged, or otherwise rendered unsuitable, as determined by the Engineer, shall be removed
and replaced by the Contractor.
C. Protect geotextile from clogging, tears and other damage during installation. Geotextile repair
shall consist of the following:
1. Place a patch of the same type of geotextile extending a minimum of 12 inches beyond
the edge of the damage or defect.
2. Fasten the patch continuously using a sewn seam or other approved method.
3. Align the machine direction of the patch with the machine direction of the geotextile being
repaired.
4. Replace geotextile that cannot be repaired.
6-6
3.7 Quality Control Inspection and Testing

A. The Engineer will regularly inspect the pipe, fittings and markings for compliance with
applicable AASHTO and ASTM standards, perforation diameter and spacing, and quality of
workmanship of the perforations.
B. The Engineer will observe the installation of the pipe, joints and fittings for compliance with this
specification.
6-7
SECTION 7 Concrete February 9, 2024
SECTION 7 CONCRETE
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Concrete spillway riser structures footings, discharge culverts protection slabs, surface water
inlet headwalls, concrete cradle, grout-filled filter point fabric erosion and similar structures shall
be constructed in conformity with the Drawings and Specifications. Concrete and reinforcing
steel for use in work constructed under this specification. Conformance tests shall be
performed with the requirements of this specification.

1. ASTM A 82/A 82M – Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement.
2. ASTM A 185/A185M – Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement,
Plain, for Concrete.
3. ASTM A 615/A 615M-046 – Standard Specification for Deformed and Carbon Steel Bars
for Concrete Reinforcement.
4. ASTM C 31/C 31M – Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens
in the Field.
5. ASTM C 33 – Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
6. ASTM C 39/C 39M – Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens.
7. ASTM C 94/C 94M – Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.
8. ASTM C 105 – Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
9. ASTM C 143 – Standard Testing Method for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete.
10. ASTM C150 – Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
11. ASTM C 171 – Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete.
12. ASTM C172 – Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete.
13. ASTM C 231/C 231M – Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete
by the Pressure Method.
14. ASTM C 260 – Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
15. ASTM C 309 – Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for
Curing Concrete.
16. ASTM C 441 – Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-
Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica
Reaction.
7-1
17. ASTM C 494/C 494 – Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.
18. ASTM C618 – Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use in Concrete.
19. ASTM C685/C685M – Standard Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching
and Continuous Mixing.
20. ASTM C920 – Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants.
21. ASTM C 1017/C 1017M – Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use- In
Producing Flowing Concrete.
22. ASTM C1218 – Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and
Concrete.
23. ASTM C1260 – Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates
(Mortar-Bar Method).
24. ASTM C1602 – Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of
Hydraulic Cement Concrete.
25. ASTM D1751 – Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete
Paving and Structural Construction (Non-extruding and Resilient Bituminous Types).
26. ASTM A184/A184M – Standard Specification for Fabricated Deformed Steel Bar Mats for
Concrete Reinforcement.
27. ASTM A615/A615M – Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet- Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement.
28. ASTM A675/A675M (2014) – Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties.
B. American National Standards Institute/American Welding Society (ANSI/AWS):
1. ANSI/AWS D 1-4 – Structural Welding Code – Reinforcing Steel.
C. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
1. ACI 117 – Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and
Materials and Commentary.
2. ACI 207.1 – Guide to Mass Concrete.
3. ACI 301 – Specification for Structural Concrete.
4. ACI 304.6R-00 – Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete.
5. ACI 305R-10 – Specification for Hot Weather Concreting.
6. ACI 306R-10 – Specification for Cold Weather Concreting.
7. ACI 308.1 – Standard Specification for Curing Concrete.
8. ACI 309 – Guide for Consolidation of Concrete.
9. ACI 315 – Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement.
10. ACI 318 – Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
7-2
11. ACI 347 – Guide to Formwork for Concrete.

12. ACI 347.3R – Guide to Formed Concrete Surfaces.
13. ACI 350 – Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures and
Commentary.
14. ACI SP 04 – Formwork for Concrete.
15. ACI SP 66 – ACI Detailing Manual.
D. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI):
1. CRSI – Manual of Standard Practice.
2. CRSI – Placing Reinforcing Bars.
E. The Engineered Wood Association:
1. APA/EWA PS 1 - Voluntary Product Standard for Construction and Industrial Plywood.
F. American Forest and Paper Association:
1. AF&PA - National Design Specifications for Wood Construction.
G. US Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
1. COE CRD-C 513 – Corps of Engineers Specifications for Rubber Water stops.
2. COE CRD-C 572 – Corps of Engineers Specifications for PVC Water stops.
1.3 Definitions
A. Construction Joint: A construction joint is defined as a planned joint where two placements of
concrete meet, across which development and maintenance of bond are required, through
which any reinforcement that may be present is not interrupted. Unless otherwise indicated on
Drawings, construction joints in water-bearing members shall be provided with a water stop
and/or sealant groove of the shape indicated.
B. Control Joint: Control joints serve to provide for volumetric shrinkage of monolithic concrete
thus preventing the formation of objectionable shrinkage cracks elsewhere in the concrete. A
control joint is defined as a planned joint where two placements of concrete meet, across which
no bond is achieved, and through which some or all reinforcement that may be present is not
interrupted. Unless otherwise indicated or specified, control joints in water-bearing members
shall be provided with a water stop and/or sealant groove of the shape indicated.
C. Contraction Joint: A contraction joint is defined as a planned joint where two placements of
concrete meet, across which no bond is achieved and through which no reinforcement passes.
Contraction joints serve to provide for volumetric shrinkage of monolithic concrete and
movement between monolithic units at established joints, thus preventing the formation of
objectionable shrinkage cracks elsewhere in the concrete. Unless otherwise indicated or
specified, contraction joints in water-bearing members shall be provided with a water stop
and/or sealant groove of the shape indicated.
7-3
D. Expansion or Isolation Joints: Expansion or isolation joints are defined as a planned joint that
separates two adjacent concrete placements to allow the concrete to expand freely. Typically, a
space is provided between the two placements by placing a filler joint material against the first
pour, which acts as a form for the second pour.
E. Mass Concrete Vertical Joints: A planned vertical joint, oriented upstream-to- downstream,
extending the width of an individual placement block between two mass concrete placements.
F. Mud Mat: An unreinforced pad of concrete (minimum thickness shown on Drawings) placed on
roughened foundation soils.
G. Abrupt Surface Irregularities: Offsets and fins in formed concrete surfaces resulting from
displaced, mismatched, or misplaced forms, sheathing, or liners or from defects in forming
materials. Abrupt irregularities shall be measured within one inch of the irregularity.
H. Gradual Surface Irregularities: Irregularities in formed concrete surfaces resulting from warping
and similar uniform variations from planeness or true curvature. Gradual surface irregularities
shall be measured by determining the gap between concrete and near-surface along a five-foot
straightedge, measured between contact points.
1.4 Submittals
A. All proposals and submissions by the Contractor and all responses by the Engineer shall be in
writing. Acceptance of the Contractor's proposals and submissions by the Engineer shall not
relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for the Work as defined by the contract.
B. Contractor submissions to the Engineer shall include qualifying documentation for all materials
and products including:
1. The Contractor shall submit the proposed concrete mix design, mill certificates for cement
and supplementary cementing materials at least 4 weeks prior to construction for
approval.
2. Proposed concrete mix proportions including supporting trial mix results and certification
that the mix proportions will produce concrete of the specified quality and yield,
anticipated slumps for each proposed mix before and after the addition of
superplasticizer.
3. Documentation that the plant, equipment, and all materials to be used in the concrete
comply with the requirements of ACI 301.
4. Mill certificates for reinforcing steel.
5. Reinforcing bar detail lists and placing drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer for his
records.
6. Description of the proposed concrete batching plant and conveying systems, including
capacity, admixture provision batching system, cold weather capabilities, hot weather
capabilities, and quality control procedures.
7. Note that submissions to the Engineer and reviews of submissions by the Engineer shall
be completed prior to placing any concrete or doing any concrete work. The Contractor
shall schedule the submissions to allow for at least two weeks for review by the Engineer.
C. Water-Reducing Admixture; Water-Reducing High Range Admixture (Superplasticizer);
7-4
Accelerating Admixtures.
1. Manufacturer.
2. Proposed dosage, and timing of addition for each class of concrete, as applicable.
3. Type of admixture (retarding, accelerating, normal set).
D. Concrete Placement Plan: Submit a plan detailing the approach and schedule for formwork,
concrete mix specification and testing, and concrete delivery, placement, curing, protection,
and finishing for review and approval by the Engineer prior to initiation of concrete work. The
Plan shall include:
1. The overall schedule of concrete placement including sequence and timing of formwork
and placement, stripping, finishing and joint construction.
2. Rate of concrete placement and management of resulting traffic loads.
3. Conveyance plan, including belts, conveyors, concrete pumps, etc.
4. Method and equipment used to prepare Mass Concrete vertical joints.
5. Consolidation plan, including specifications of proposed vibratory and other equipment.
6. Curing medium and methods to be used in conformance with applicable standards.
7. Cold-weather placement plan including proposed materials, methods, and protection and
conforming to the requirements of applicable standards.
8. Hot-weather placement plan including proposed materials, methods, and protection and
conforming to the requirements of applicable standards.
E. Concrete Materials Statement: Submit materials and mix proportions (including admixtures)
proposed for each specified class of concrete and grout at least 30 days prior to initiation of
work using that class of concrete. Statement shall include results of mix designs and laboratory
tests including:
1. Concrete supplier proposed and location of plant or plants at which the concrete will be
batched.
2. Mix Designation and Identification.
3. Mix proportions based on SSD Aggregates and one cubic yard.
4. Moisture content of the aggregates as used in trials and corrections for the aggregate
weights used.
5. Specific gravity and absorption of the aggregates.
6. Admixture source and dosage.
7. Yield and wet unit weight.
8. Strength results and unit weights of cylinders.
9. Strength requirements – Both the design strength and the required average strength with
the applicable ASTM C-94 over design factor.
10. Cement and fly ash source.
7-5
11. Aggregate source, gradation and quality (include results of ASTM C1260).
12. Mix temperature.
13. Slump – design and actual.
14. Air Content – design and actual.
15. For mixes with a high-range, water reducer present, the slump and air content at 15-to-
20-minute time increments.
F. Concrete Materials Statement shall be accompanied by test reports from an accredited
laboratory which shows that the proposed materials and proportions yield concrete of the
quality required by this Section. No substitution shall be made in the source or type of materials
used in the work without additional tests to demonstrate that the quality of the substituted
materials and new concrete is satisfactory.
G. Water stops:
1. Shop drawings showing locations, sizes, types, joint details and pre-molded connections.
2. Manufacturer’s product data for water stops and for joining water stops.
H. Delivery Tickets: Ready-mixed concrete producer shall furnish duplicate delivery tickets. The
Contractor shall retain one ticket and submit another ticket to CQA Manager or Engineer at the
time of concrete delivery. Delivery tickets shall indicate the delivery date, batch time, truck
number, total revolutions, type of concrete, class, cubic yards, slump, cement and fly ash
content, number of admixtures, air content and amount of water.
I. Project Record Documents: Accurately record actual locations of embedded utilities and
components concealed from view in finished construction.
1.5 Qualifications
A. Field quality testing personnel shall be certified for appropriate ACI and ASTM testing methods.
1.6 Design Requirements

A. Design, engineer, and construct formwork, shoring, and bracing in accordance with ACI 347
and conform to ACI 350 requirements to achieve concrete shape, lines, and dimension.
Provide concrete surface in accordance with ACI 347.3R.
B. Design forms and falsework to include values for live load, dead load, the weight of moving
equipment operated on formwork, concrete mix, the height of concrete drop, vibrator frequency,
ambient temperature, foundation pressures, stresses, lateral stability, and other factors
pertinent to the safety of structure during construction.
C. Design, erect, support, brace, and maintain formwork to safely support vertical and lateral loads
until such loads are supported by concrete structures. Carry vertical and lateral loads to the
ground by formwork system and in-place construction that has attained adequate strength.
D. The maximum height of newly placed concrete shall not exceed 10 feet during any one
placement unless approved by CQA Manager or Engineer, or specifically shown otherwise on
the Drawings.
E. Design formwork to be readily removable without impact, shock, or damage to concrete
7-6
surfaces and adjacent materials.

F. Design formwork sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of cement paste during concrete
placement. Solid butt joints and provide backup material at joints as required to prevent
leakage and fins.
1.7 Quality Assurance

A. Perform Work in accordance with ACI 301 and ACI 350 and all requirements of this Section
and related sections of this specification.
B. Conform to ACI 305 when concreting during hot weather.
C. Conform to ACI 306.1 when concreting during cold weather.
D. Acquire cement, fly ash, admixtures and aggregate from one source for the Work.
E. Design formwork under the direct supervision of a Professional Engineer experienced in the
design of this work and licensed in Florida.
F. Comply with ACI 347, unless otherwise indicated.
G. For wood products furnished for the work of this Section, comply with AF&PA.
H. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the design and engineering of formwork, as well
as its construction.
A. The Contractor shall submit three sets of shop drawings he has reviewed and approved to the
Design Engineer for review and comment. Submittals shall indicate bending diagrams;
assembly diagrams, splicing and laps of rebar; shapes; dimensions and details of bar
reinforcing; and accessories. Any fabrication and procurement of material done before approval
of the drawings and data shall be at the Contractor's risk.
B. The evaluation of concrete quality shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be
carried out as outlined in Drawing Plan.
C. The Contractor shall provide a full-time coordinator who shall be always present during
concrete work and who shall be thoroughly trained and experienced in placing the types of
concrete specified and who shall direct all the work performed under this specification. The
coordinator shall have the authority to request that mixing trucks return to the batch plant if
delivery times are exceeded or to interrupt work if any other quality issues are not being met.
D. At the sole discretion of the CQA Manager or Engineer, the CQA Manager or Engineer may
reject delivered concrete if its parameters or field-tested quality does not meet specifications.
The rejected concrete will be at the Contractor’s expense.
E. The Contractor shall, at the start and during Work where appropriate, meet with the CQA
Manager or Engineer for the review of the following:
1. Proposed equipment and methods for storing constitutive components, mixing, and
conveying concrete. The Contractor shall provide documentation that the concrete
supplier meets industry certification.
2. Contractor's Quality Control Plan: The concrete supplier shall implement a Quality Control
7-7
Plan to ensure that the Owner's and Contractor's performance requirements will be met.
3. Inspection and testing of cement, aggregate, water, admixtures, reinforcement, and
storage of these materials.
4. Proposed form material, form ties, and form release materials. The Contractor shall
provide calculations for all concrete formwork and shoring, sealed by a Professional
Engineer.
5. Concrete mix designs regarding strength, performance, shrinkage, porosity, durability,
and suitability for Project requirements. The concrete supplier shall submit documentation
to the satisfaction of the Owner demonstrating that the proposed mix design(s) will
achieve the required strength, durability, and performance requirements.
6. Proposed methods of placing concrete are contained in the Concrete Placement Plan.
7. Proposed methods and materials for supporting and securing reinforcement items to be
cast-in and formwork including details of the reinforcement chairs and spacers.
8. Proposed details and positions of construction and crack control joints.
9. The inspection by the Engineer of formwork, reinforcement, cast-in items, and preparation
of existing concrete. Inspection by the Engineer of formwork shall be for conformance
with the project documents, but not for structural strength and stability, which is the sole
responsibility of the Contractor.
10. Sampling and testing of concrete and inspection of concrete placement procedures.
11. Preparation of existing concrete for bonding to new concrete.
12. Proposed curing methods, stripping times and hot and cold weather protection and
concreting procedures.
F. The Contractor shall submit test results to the Engineer for review within 5 working days of the
testing place.
G. The Contractor shall keep all records of the following:
1. Temperature of the plastic concrete and strength tests.
2. A certificate of accuracy of the scales at the batch plant.
3. Ambient air temperature and concrete temperature at the time of concrete placement.
4. Delivery tickets: The Contractor shall ensure that the records indicate where the delivered
concrete was used so that remedial action can be taken if it is subsequently determined
that the concrete is unsuitable for use.

A. The compressive strength test shall conform to ASTM C 39, "Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens".
B. A minimum of three standard cylinders shall be molded and tested for each pour where 100
cubic yards, or any fraction thereof, is placed in one day.
C. The Contractor must perform one of the cylinder tests at 7 days and two at 28 days. The test
results shall be the average of the two 28-day cylinders. Additional compressive strength
7-8
samples may be collected and tested when the quality is suspected to be deficient by visual
observation and/or field testing.
D. The slump test shall conform to ASTM C 143, "Standard Testing Method for Slump of Portland
Cement Concrete". Tests shall be performed on the first truck delivering concrete for any pour
and include the collection of concrete cylinders. Additional sample collection and testing should
occur near the middle 1/3 of first and each subsequent 100 cubic yard concrete placement or
as specified by the CQA Manager or Engineer.

A. The Contractor shall provide access to the Work for the CQA Manager or Engineer continually,
as required for inspection and testing by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Concrete Formwork:
A. The Contractor who places the concrete (the Concrete Contractor) is responsible for the
adequacy of all formwork and falsework including metal deck formwork and satisfying all codes
and regulations governing formwork and falsework.
B. All form lumber in contact with exposed concrete shall produce a smooth, hard, uniform texture
on the concrete. It may be plywood, tempered concrete-form-grade hardboard, metal, plastic,
or other acceptable material capable of producing the desired finish.
C. Form ties shall be a type which does not leave an open hole through the concrete, and which
permits neat and solid patching at every hole. Wire ties and wood spreaders shall not be used.
When forms are removed, all metal shall be not less than two inches from the surface.
Alternative forming systems may be used subject to advance approval by the Engineer.
D. All other materials not specifically described, but required for proper completion of concrete
formwork, shall be as selected by the Contractor subject to advance approval by the Engineer.
Rust-stained steel formwork is not acceptable.
E. The design and construction of all required forms shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of
mortar and shall be able to prevent excessive deflection when filled with wet concrete. Design
loads and pressures shall conform to those stipulated in "Guide to Formwork for Concrete
Recommended Practice for Concrete Formwork", American Concrete Institute Publication ACI
347 and ACI 347R.
F. All required cast-in-place concrete shall be formed to the shapes, sizes, lines, and dimensions
indicated on the Drawings. The Contractor shall exercise particular care in the layout of forms
to avoid the necessity for cutting of concrete after it is in place. Proper provisions shall be made
for all openings, offsets, recesses, anchorage, blocking, and other features of the work as
shown or required. The Contractor shall perform all forming required for work of other trades
and shall do all cutting and repairing of forms required to permit such installation.
Reinforcement and other such items required to be anchored in the concrete shall be set
before the concrete is placed.
7-9
G. The forms shall be braced and tied together to maintain position and shape and to ensure the
safety of personnel. Bracing and supporting members of ample size and strength shall be
constructed to safely carry, without excessive deflection, all dead and live loads to which they
may be subjected. The Contractor shall provide metal spreader ties that give positive tying and
accurate spreading. Forms shall be constructed straight, true, plumb, and square.
2.2 Formwork Accessories

A. Form Release Agent:
1. Commercial form-coating compound that will not bond with, stain, or adversely affect
concrete surfaces, and will not impair subsequent treatment of concrete surfaces
requiring bond or adhesion, nor impede wetting of surfaces to be cured with water or
curing compounds.
2. Form release agent for steel forms shall be a non-staining and rust–preventative.
3. If special form liners are to be used, the Contractor shall follow the recommendations of
the form liner manufacturer.
B. Form Ties:
1. Factory fabricated, adjustable length, snap-off metal form ties or anchorages designed to
prevent form deflection and to prevent spalling of concrete upon removal.
2. Unless otherwise indicated, provide ties that do not leave metal closer than 2 inches from
the concrete surface and which, when removed, will leave holes not larger than 1-inch in
diameter in the concrete surface and without damage to concrete.
3. Not permitted for use are form ties which are encased in paper or other material to allow
removal of a complete tie, or which leave a hole through the concrete structure.
4. Provide form ties for water retaining structures with water seals capable of resisting
(without leakage) a pressure equal to 3 times the hydrostatic pressure at the tie location.
5. All internal form supports shall be positioned to provide minimum clearances as shown on
the Drawings.
6. Form ties fabricated on the project site and wire ties are not acceptable.
C. Spreaders: Standard, non-corrosive metal form clamp assembly, of type acting as spreaders
and leaving no metal within 2 inches of the concrete face. Wire ties, wood spreaders or through
bolts are not permitted.
D. Corner Treatment:
1. Exposed protruding corners on downstream steps: Chamfered 1.5” x 1.5” x 45 degrees;
provide chamfer strips in maximum lengths.
2. Corners at contraction joints of spillway slab: no chamfers.
3. Exposed corners elsewhere and corners at vertical contraction joints in walls: Chamfered
3/4" x 3/4" x 45 degrees; provide chamfer strips in maximum lengths.
E. Form Anchors and Hangers:
1. Do not use anchors and hangers on exposed concrete leaving exposed metal at the
7-10
concrete surface.
2. Symmetrically arrange hangers supporting forms from structural steel members to
minimize twisting or rotation of members.
3. Penetration of structural steel members is not permitted.
2.3 Cement
A. ASTM C150, Type I or II, low alkali containing less than 0.60 alkalis. Cement used throughout
the work shall be uniform in color.
2.4 Pozzolan
A. ASTM C618, Class F, fly ash having the following properties:
1. Loss on ignition limited to a maximum of 2.5 percent.
2. Contain less than 4 percent sulfur trioxide by weight.
B. Pozzolan shall be furnished from the same source and supplier for all concrete and that is used
in the submitted mix designs. Pozzolan from another source other than that used in the
approved mix designs will be rejected.
C. Pozzolan color shall not alter the resulting concrete from the normal gray color and
appearance.
2.5 Aggregates
A. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C33. Local aggregates not complying
with ASTM C33, but which have shown by test and actual service to produce concrete of
adequate strength and durability may be submitted for approval.
B. Aggregates shall be nonreactive for alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR) and shall be washed
before use. Aggregates shall not be sourced from quarries where potential alkali reactivity
expansion of aggregates, as determined by ASTM C1260, exceeds 0.10 percent at 16 days.
C. Do not use aggregates containing soluble salts or other substances which cause stains on
exposed concrete surfaces.
D. Aggregates for all concrete shall be from the same quarry used to develop concrete mixes.
E. Fine aggregates and coarse aggregates shall be regarded as separate ingredients.
F. Fine Aggregate:
1. Hard, dense durable particles of either sand or crushed stone that are regularly graded
from coarse to fine, free from loam, clay, lumps and foreign material.
2. Gradation shall conform to ASTM C33.
3. Fine aggregate shall not exceed 40 percent by weight of the combined aggregate total.
4. The fineness modulus of the fine aggregate shall not be less than 2.3 or more than 3.1,
nor vary by more than 0.20 from the value assumed in selecting proportions of the
concrete. If this value is exceeded, the fine aggregate is rejected unless suitable
adjustments are made in proportions of the fine and coarse aggregate.
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G. Coarse Aggregate:
1. Clean, uncoated, processed aggregate free from clay, mud, loam, and other foreign
material. Aggregate may be crushed natural rock, crushed stone, or washed natural or
crushed gravel. Use of pit run gravel is not permitted.
2. Gradation for coarse aggregate used in structural concrete shall conform to ASTM C33
using FDOT No. 57 aggregate.
2.6 Water
A. Clean, potable and free from oil, salt, acid, alkali, organic matter, or other deleterious
substances.
2.7 Admixtures
A. Water Reducing Admixtures (WRA): Conform to ASTM C494, Type A. Use a water-reducing
admixture to increase the workability of the mix, if necessary.
B. Set Retarders: ASTM C494, Type B, shall not be used in concrete, unless otherwise authorized
in writing by the Engineer.
C. Water Reducing Admixtures and Set Retarders: ASTM C494, Type D. Use only if authorized by
the Engineer.
D. High Range Water Reducing Admixtures: Conform to ASTM C494, Type F. Use only if
authorized by the Engineer.
E. High Range Water Reducing Admixtures and Retarders: ASTM C494, Type G shall not be
used in concrete only if authorized in writing by the Engineer.
F. Accelerating Admixtures: ASTM C494, Type C or E shall not be used in concrete only if
authorized in writing by the Engineer.
2.8 Concrete Mix

A. Portland cement shall be Type I/II with minimum requirements as shown in Table 7-1 unless
otherwise shown on the drawings.
Table 7-1: Minimum Requirements for Spillway Foundation Concrete Mix
Max. Size 28-Day Max. Water/ Min-Max

Location Aggregate Compressive Cementitious Slump (in.)
(in.) Strength Ratio
(psi)
Spillway Foundation 3/4 4000 0.45 4-6
Spillway Cradle & 3/4 2500 0.65 6-9

Pipe Headwalls
Concrete Slab 3/4 3000 0.55 4-6
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B. Normal-Density Fine Aggregate for the concrete mixes shall conform to Table 7-2. The fineness
modulus of the sand shall be not less than 2.5 nor more than 2.9.
Table 7-2: Grading Limits for Fine Aggregate (FA)
Sieve Size Percent Passing by

Weight
No. 4 100
No. 8 85-100
No. 16 55-80
No. 30 30-55
No. 50 15-30
No. 100 2-10
C. All concrete, unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Engineer, shall be transit-mixed in
accordance with ASTM C 94.
2.9 Concrete Reinforcement

A. Concrete reinforcement shall be grade 60 and conform to Mosaic specification PIP STS03001.
B. All concrete reinforcement shall be new, free from rust, and comply with the ASTM A 615/A
615M, ASTM A 82, and ASTM A 185.
C. Concrete reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318.
D. Reinforcement shall be protected from corrosion.
E. Concrete reinforcement shall be fabricated in strict accordance with the approved shop
drawings. The Contractor shall not use bars with kinks or bends not shown on the Drawings or
on the accepted shop drawings. Bending or straightening steel, which has been partially
embedded in hardened concrete or in any other manner that will injure the material will not be
permitted. Any bending shall be done cold. Bends for stirrups and ties shall be made around a
pin having a diameter not less than four times the minimum thickness of the bar. Bends for
other bars, including hooks, shall be made around a pin having a diameter not less than six
times the minimum thickness of the bar for bars up to 1-inch in diameter and eight times the
minimum thickness of the bar for bars over 1-inch in diameter.
2.10 Concrete Accessories

A. PVC Water Stops: Polyvinyl chloride, center-bulb, ribbed type, 6-inch wide as designated on
the Drawings, maximum lengths, ribbed profile, preformed corner sections, and heat welded
jointing. Use virgin PVC with no reclaimed material. Minimum web thickness 3/8-inch, minimum
hollow center-bulb dimension 1-inch outside diameter. Split-flange water stops shall be used as
designated on the Drawings, with a minimum web thickness of 3/8 inch, minimum hollow
center-bulb dimension of 5/8 inch outside diameter, and minimum split flange thickness of 3/16
inch. All water stops shall be rated for a minimum head pressure of 125 feet.
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B. Hydrophilic Water stop: The water stop shall be a combination of chloroprene rubber and
chloroprene rubber modified to impart hydrophilic properties. The water stop shall have a delay
coating to inhibit initial expansion due to moisture present in fresh concrete. Minimum tensile
strength shall be 350 psi for hydrophilic rubber and 1300 psi for chloroprene rubber as tested in
accordance with ASTM D412. Minimum elongation shall be 600% for hydrophilic rubber and
400% for chloroprene rubber as tested in accordance with ASTM D412. Minimum Shore A
hardness shall be 52+/-5 for hydrophilic rubber and 50+/-5 for chloroprene rubber as tested in
accordance with ASTM D2240. Minimum tear resistance shall be 50 lb/in for hydrophilic rubber
and 100 lb/in for chloroprene rubber as tested in accordance with ASTM D624.
C. Expansion Anchors: Stainless steel, expansion type, minimum 2500-lb allowable tension load,
unless otherwise designated on Drawings.
D. Curing and Sealing Compound: Liquid membrane-forming compound for curing concrete,
ASTM C309, clear type.
E. Fiber Expansion Joint Filler (Fiber PJF): Resilient bituminous type, non-extruding, ASTM
D1751, 1/2-inch thick (unless otherwise shown), of depth shown on Drawings.
F. Joint Sealant: Two-part polysulfide sealant complying with Federal Specifications TT-S-
00227E, type II. Color to match concrete.
G. Bond Breaker: Asphalt impregnated felts, 15 pounds, polyethylene tape, coated paper, metal
foil, or other approved material.
H. Aluminum embedments of any kind are prohibited.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation
A. Verify lines, levels, and centers before proceeding with formwork. Verify dimensions agree with
Drawings.
B. When formwork is placed after reinforcement resulting in insufficient concrete cover over
reinforcement, request instructions from CQA Manager or Engineer before proceeding.
C. Deliver reinforcing bars to the job site cut to exact length, bent, securely bundled, and tagged
with metal tags corresponding to the bar schedules and diagrams.
D. Store bars and bar mats at a minimum height of six inches off the ground and protect from
mechanical injury, surface deterioration, and moisture.
E. Reinforcement must be free from loose rust and scale, dirt, oil, or other deleterious coating that
could reduce the bond with the concrete.
F. If concrete placement is delayed for a considerable number of days after reinforcement is
placed in a position such that reinforcement is corroding, protect reinforcement by covering it
with canvas or other satisfactory covering, or if directed by CQA Manager or Engineer, paint
reinforcement with a coat of neat cement grout. Any bars having loose scaly rust shall be
cleaned before concrete is placed.
G. Ensure that transport, storage and assembly of concrete reinforcing does not damage prepared
foundations, adjacent concrete or formworks, or allow contamination of adjacent streams,
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lakes, or wetlands with materials or chemicals.

H. For Grouted Riprap, the riprap shall be flushed and washed clean of soil, dust and debris and
the surface of the riprap shall be moist before placement.
I. For Structural Concrete, prepare previously placed concrete by cleaning with steel brush to
remove all laitance, coatings, dust and debris. Coordinate placement of joint devices with
erection of concrete formwork and placement of form accessories.
J. In locations where new concrete is doweled to existing work, install dowels in accordance with
requirements of this Section.
K. Thoroughly moisten wood forms immediately before placing concrete, as required, where form
coatings are not used. Thoroughly saturate existing concrete one hour before placing new
concrete against existing concrete. Maintain the surface of existing concrete in a moist
condition until new concrete is placed.
L. Remove debris and ice from formwork, reinforcement, and concrete substrates prior to
concrete placement.
M. Remove standing water from areas receiving concrete before concrete is placed.
N. The Contractor shall give at least 24-hour notice to CQA Manager or Engineer each time he
intends to place concrete. Such notice shall be far enough in advance to give CQA Manager or
Engineer adequate time to inspect subgrade, forms, steel reinforcement and other preparations
for compliance with Specifications and Drawings before concrete is delivered for placing.
O. Concrete shall not be placed until the subgrade, forms and steel reinforcement have been
inspected and approved by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
P. The Contractor shall have all equipment and materials required for curing available at the site
ready for use before placement of concrete begins.
Q. Prior to placing concrete on drain fill material, the drain fill material shall be covered with a
continuous membrane of nonwoven geotextile fabric meeting the requirements of the Section,
Geosynthetics for Earthwork.
3.2 Formwork Construction

A. Erect formwork, shoring, and bracing to achieve design requirements, specified tolerances, and
in accordance with requirements of ACI 301 and ACI 350.
B. Construct forms to sizes, shapes, lines, and dimensions shown; to obtain accurate alignment,
location, grades, levelness, and plumbness in finished structures; and of sufficient strength to
maintain shape and position under imposed loads from construction operations. In addition,
meet the following requirements:
1. Form surfaces and joints shall be supported to achieve safe performance during
construction, concrete placement, and form removal.
2. Solidly butt joints and provide backup at joints to prevent leakage of cement paste.
3. Provide a top form for sloped surfaces steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical to hold the
shape of concrete during placement, unless it can be demonstrated that top forms can be
omitted.
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4. Carefully verify horizontal and vertical positions of forms. Correct misaligned or misplaced
forms before placing concrete.
5. Complete wedging and bracing before placing concrete.
C. Provide for openings, offsets, sinkages, keyways, recesses, moldings, rustications, reglets,
chamfers, blocking, screeds, bulkheads, anchorages and inserts, and other accommodations
for required features.
D. Arrange and assemble formwork to permit dismantling and stripping. Do not damage concrete
during stripping.
3.3 Field Quality Control

A. Meet the applicable requirements of Sections - Quality Requirements and Execution and
Closeout Requirements.
B. Inspect erected formwork, shoring, and bracing to ensure that work is in accordance with
formwork design, and that supports, fastenings, wedges, ties, and items are secure.
C. Inspect forms and embedded items in sufficient time prior to each concrete placement to certify
to CQA Manager or Engineer that the formwork is ready to receive concrete.
D. Schedule concrete placement to permit formwork inspection before placing concrete.
E. Continuously monitor the alignment and stability of forms during all phases to assure the
finished product will meet the required surface class and tolerances specified herein.
F. Failure of any supporting surface either due to surface texture, unsatisfactory surfaces,
deflection or form collapse shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Replacement or
correction shall be at the discretion of the CQA Manager or Engineer and at no additional cost
to the Owner.
G. When forms for continuous surfaces are placed in successive units, care shall be taken to fit
the forms over the completed surface to obtain accurate alignment of the surface and to
prevent leakage of mortar.
3.4 Concrete Placement

A. The Contractor shall remove all wood scraps and debris from the areas in which concrete will
be placed. To ensure proper placement and bonding of concrete, the area shall be thoroughly
cleaned.
B. The forms shall be thoroughly wet or oiled and all standing water removed.
C. All transporting and handling equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned.
D. The CQA Manager or Engineer shall be notified at least 24 hours before concrete is placed.
Concrete shall not be placed until all forms and reinforcing have been observed and approved
E. Concrete shall be placed in conformance with ACI 304.
F. Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to the place of final deposit by a method that will
prevent separation and loss of materials. For chuting, pumping, and pneumatically conveying
concrete, only equipment of such size and design as to ensure a continuous flow of concrete at
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the delivery end without loss or separation of materials shall be used.

G. Concrete shall be deposited as near as possible to its final position to avoid segregation due to
rehandling and flowing.
H. Concrete shall be placed as dry as possible consistent with good workmanship, never
exceeding the maximum specified slump.
I. Placing concrete in hot weather shall be in accordance with recommended practices for hot
weather concreting (ACI 305). Concrete with a placement temperature that will cause loss of
slump, flash set or cold joints shall not be used. When the temperature of concrete is 85
degrees F or above, the time between the introduction of cement to aggregates and discharge
shall not exceed 45 minutes.
J. Placing concrete in cold weather shall be in accordance with recommended practice for cold
weather concrete placement (ACI 306). Concrete shall be placed with the mix temperature
between 50°F and 70°F. When the mean daily outdoor temperature is at or below 40°F, the
concrete shall be maintained between 50°F and 70°F for the required curing period in this
Section. Concrete will not be placed against or on frozen material. Additional samples may be
requested to be collected, due to weather conditions, at the CQAs discretion.
K. Concrete shall be placed in a manner that will avoid splashing forms or reinforcing bars and
shall not be dropped freely more than 4 feet.
L. Aluminum pump lines or tools shall not be allowed during concrete pumping and placement.
M. Concrete shall be placed at such a rate that it is always plastic and flows readily between bare
bars. Once concrete placement is started, it shall be a continuous operation until placement of
the panel or section is complete. Concrete shall be delivered to any monolithic unit of a
structure at a rate which will permit proper handling, placing, and finishing of the concrete; and
shall be so regulated that the maximum interval between the placing of batches at the work site
shall not exceed 20 minutes.
N. All concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated by mechanical vibration or other suitable means
during placement, working concrete around all embedded fixtures and into corners of forms.
O. Successive concrete layers shall be placed at a fast enough rate to prevent the formation of
"cold joints". If the surface of a layer of concrete in place sets to the degree that it will not flow
and merge with the succeeding layer when vibrated, the Contractor shall discontinue placing
concrete and shall make a construction joint. If placing is discontinued when an incomplete
layer is in place, the unfinished end of the layer shall be formed by a vertical bulkhead. Forms
shall be retightened before new concrete is deposited on or against concrete that has
hardened. New concrete shall not be placed until the hardened concrete has cured at least 12
hours.
P. Concrete batches delivered to the job site shall be kept as uniform as possible in consistency
and strength. The following shall be considered a basis for the rejection of the concrete
delivered to the site.
1. Concrete that has been contaminated with foreign material.
2. Slump exceeding the maximum specified slump.
3. Discharge from a truck not within the 90-minute limitation as required by ASTM C 94.
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Q. Concrete shall be consolidated with a vibrator, and then push-floated with a bullfloat, as
necessary.
R. When concrete is to be placed by pump, properties shall be measured at discharge from the
hose. The sand content of the pump mix, as a ratio by weight of total aggregate shall not be
increased more than 3% from the conventionally placed concrete.
3.5 Consolidation
A. Consolidate concrete, as per the requirements of the approved Concrete Placement Plan.
B. Consolidate concrete immediately after it is placed in the work with internal type mechanical
vibrators capable of transmitting vibration to the concrete at frequencies not less than 6000
impulses per minute.
C. Employ sufficient number of vibrators so that, at the required rate of placement, vibration is
maintained throughout the entire volume of each layer of concrete and complete consolidation
is secured.
D. Location, manner, and duration of application of vibrators shall be such as to secure maximum
consolidation of the concrete without causing segregation of the mortar and coarse aggregate,
and without causing water or cement paste to flush to the surface.
E. Vibration shall be applied vertically or near vertical in the freshly deposited concrete by
inserting and removing the vibrator at points uniformly spaced and not farther apart than twice
the radius over which the vibration is visibly effective. The vibrator shall extend into the
previously placed layer of fresh concrete, at all points, to ensure an effective bond between
layers.
F. Vibration shall not be applied directly to reinforcement steel or forms, nor to concrete that has
hardened to the degree that it does not become plastic when vibrated.
G. The use of vibrators to transport concrete in the forms or conveying equipment will not be
permitted. Vibration shall be supplemented by spading and hand tamping as necessary to
ensure smooth and dense concrete along form surfaces, in corners, and around embedded
items and water stops.
H. Close attention and additional effort will be necessary to adequately consolidate concrete
adjacent to construction joints, at vertical joints in Mass Concrete, sloping surfaces, and around
embedded items.
3.6 Concrete Reinforcement

A. Before the start of concrete placement, all concrete reinforcement shall be accurately placed,
secured, and supported with metal chairs or spacers, or metal hangers. In no case shall the
clear distance be less than 1 inch nor less than one and one-third times the maximum size of
aggregate. The Contractor shall provide the following minimum concrete covering of
reinforcement.
1. Concrete deposited against earth: 3 inches.
2. Number 6 bars or larger exposed to earth or weather: 2 inches.
3. Number 5 bars or smaller exposed to earth or weather: 1 1/2 inches.
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4. Concrete elsewhere: as indicated on the Drawings or otherwise approved by the CQA

B. Bars shall be spliced as shown on the Drawings.
1. The Contractor shall place bars in horizontal members with minimum laps at splices
sufficient to develop the strength of the bars.
2. Bars may be wired together at laps except at points of support of the member, at which
points the clear space described above shall be preserved.
3. Wherever possible, splices of adjacent bars shall be staggered.
4. Only splices indicated on the approved shop drawings or specifically approved by the
CQA Manager or Engineer shall be made.
5. Welded splices shall not be used unless specifically approved by the Engineer.
6. Corners and intersections of footings, walls, or foundations shall have lapped splices of
longitudinal rebar, or corner bars providing lapped splices of longitudinal rebar, or corner
bars providing lapped splices, as shown on the Drawings.
C. All required steel dowels shall be placed and securely anchored into position before the
concrete is placed.
D. If conduits, piping, inserts, sleeves, or any other items interfere with placing reinforcement as
indicated on the Drawings or as otherwise required, the CQA Manager or Engineer shall be
notified, and approval of a new procedure shall be obtained from the CQA Manager or
Engineer before placing concrete.
E. Clean reinforcement to remove any loose, flaky crust, mill scale, oil, grease or other coatings or
foreign substances before placing reinforcement.
F. Position, support, and secure reinforcement against displacement by formwork, construction, or
concrete placement operations. Locate and support reinforcing with chairs, runners, bolsters,
spacers, and hangers, as required to carry reinforcement.
G. Provide a minimum center-to-center spacing of 2-1/2 bar diameters. Spacing between adjacent
bars may not vary from the position indicated on the approved Shop Drawings by more than
one bar diameter nor more than 1 inch.
H. Place reinforcement to obtain minimum concrete coverages specified.
I. Securely tie bars and bar supports together with tie wire to hold reinforcement accurately in
position during concrete placement operations. Set wire ties so that ends are directed away
from exposed concrete surfaces. Do not place reinforcing bars more than 2 inches beyond the
last leg of any continuous bar support.
J. Accommodate placement of formed openings and embedded items.
K. Do not use supports as bases for runways for concrete conveying equipment and similar
construction loads.
L. No steel bars shall be bent after being partially embedded in concrete unless indicated on the
Drawings or authorized by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
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3.7 Splices and Terminations

A. Comply with the requirements of ACI 350 and as shown on the Drawings.
B. Provide splices and laps with lengths shown and as located on the Drawings or as indicated in
the standard drawing details.
C. Provide standard reinforcement splices by lapping ends, placing bars in contact, and tightly
wire tying, or spacing transversely apart to permit embedment of the entire surface of each bar
in concrete.
D. Do not place lapped bars farther apart than 1/5 the required length of lap or 6 inches.
E. Splices in reinforcement bars shall be made only as required. Locate splices not shown on
Drawings or approved Shop Drawings at the point of minimum stress in reinforcement. Bars
may be spliced at alternate or additional locations subject to approval by CQA Manager or
Engineer and at no additional cost to Owner.
F. Tension splices of Number 14 or smaller bar shall be staggered longitudinally a minimum of 5
feet or as otherwise indicated so that no more than half of the bars are spliced at any one
section, unless otherwise shown.
G. Terminate horizontal reinforcement in slabs and walls with a standard hook, unless otherwise
shown.
H. Provide mechanical splices (coupling devices) with compatible threaded rebar only at locations
shown on the Drawings. Mechanical splices shall satisfy the requirements of ACI 350 and shall
develop, in tension and compression, at least 125 percent of the specified yield strength of the
bar.
3.8 Concrete Cover

A. Provide the following minimum concrete cover over steel reinforcement, unless otherwise
shown:
► Walls and other formed surfaces exposed to weather, water, or backfill 2
inches
► Slabs and surfaces exposed to weather and water - 2 inches
► Slabs-on-grade, bottom - 3 inches
► Footings and concrete formed against earth or rock - 3 inches
B. The allowable variation for minimum cover shall be:

► 2-inch minimum cover plus 1/4 inch
► 3-inch minimum cover plus 3/8 inch
3.9 Welding
A. Welding of reinforcement bars will be permitted only where indicated on approved Shop
Drawings or as authorized by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. Welding shall be performed in accordance with AWS D1.4 except where otherwise specified or
indicated.
C. Welded crossing reinforcement bars installed to aid assembly shall not be permitted, except as
7-20
specifically authorized by the CQA Manager or Engineer.

D. Tack welding of bars shall not be permitted.
3.10 Installation of Plain Dowels

A. Place plain dowels across contraction joints in accordance with Drawings, approved Shop
Drawings, or as directed by CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. Embed one-half length of dowel in initial concrete placement across contraction joint.
C. Prior to placing adjoining concrete, coat the remaining one-half length of the dowel with heavy
grease or provide a commercial dowel cover to prevent the dowel from bonding to concrete.
D. Keep dowels in straight alignment as shown on Drawings, during and after concrete placement.
3.11 Installation of Reinforcement Dowels

A. Place reinforcement dowels in accordance with Drawings, approved Shop Drawings, or as
directed by CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. Locate existing reinforcement in the vicinity of proposed holes prior to drilling. Adjust the
location of holes to avoid drilling through or damaging existing reinforcement.
C. Hole diameter shall be as recommended by the epoxy manufacturer or as shown on the
drawings.
D. The depth of hole shall be as shown on the drawings or recommended by epoxy manufacturer
to fully develop bar, but shall not be less than 12 bar diameters, unless noted otherwise on the
Drawings.
E. Drill holes for reinforcement dowels by methods that do not interfere with proper bonding of
epoxy grout.
F. Blow the hole clean with clean, dry compressed air to remove dust and loose particles. Remove
all water from the hole.
G. When epoxy is used, inject epoxy grout into hole through a tube placed to bottom of hole.
Withdraw tube as epoxy grout is placed but kept immersed to prevent formation of air pockets.
Fill hole to a depth that ensures excess material will be expelled from hole during dowel
placement.
H. When using non-shrink grout, tremie grout material from the button of the hole.
I. Twist dowels during insertion into the partially filled hole to ensure full wetting of bar surface.
Insert bar slowly enough to avoid developing air pockets.
J. Remove excess epoxy or grout from concrete and reinforcement dowel to provide adequate
bond to new concrete.
K. Once installed, protect the dowels from movement until the epoxy or grout has cured.
3.12 Construction Joints

A. Comply with ACI 301, Chapter 6, and as specified below.
B. Locate and install construction joints at locations shown and as specified below. Contractor
7-21
may submit alternate, additional, or elimination of joint locations for CQA Manager or
Engineer’s approval.
C. Where a feather edge would be produced at a construction joint, as in the top surface of a
sloping wall, an insert form shall be used so that the resulting edge thickness on either side of
the joint is not less than six inches.
D. Provide roughened surface in construction joints in walls, and between walls and footing.
E. Place construction joints perpendicular to the main reinforcement. Continue reinforcement
across construction joints.
F. Surfaces of concrete to be joined shall be clean, rough, and moist when new-cast-in-place
concrete is applied. Clean joint surfaces to remove all unsatisfactory concrete, laitance,
coatings, stains, or debris by washing and scrubbing with a wire brush or wire broom or by
other means approved by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
G. Prepare surfaces of existing or hardened concrete by wet or dry sandblasting, water blasting
with approved equipment, bush hammering, grinding, or other approved method. Clean
surfaces with air/water jets and allow to dry thoroughly; drying may be accomplished by air jets.
Compressed air used in cleaning and drying operations shall be free from oil or other
contaminating materials.
H. Joints shall be thoroughly moistened prior to placing concrete. Surfaces shall be kept moist for
at least one hour prior to placement of new concrete. The new concrete shall be placed directly
on the cleaned and washed surface.
I. Steel tying and form construction adjacent to concrete in place shall not be started until the
concrete has cured at least 12 hours.
3.13 Contraction and Control Joints

A. Control and contraction joints shall be made only at locations shown on Drawings.
B. Comply with ACI 301, Chapter 6, and as described below.
C. Surfaces of all joints shall be cleaned thoroughly of accretions of concrete or other foreign
matter by scraping, chipping or other means approved by CQA Manager or Engineer.
D. Apply a waxed-based curing compound or bituminous paint to old concrete surface prior to
concrete placement to provide a bond breaker between concrete placements. Curing
compound or bituminous paint shall not be removed but shall remain on these joints and be
kept intact until adjoining concrete is placed.
E. Water stops and dowels shall be protected during application of bond breaking material to
prevent them from being coated.
F. Exposed concrete edges at the control and contraction joints shall be left square, chamfered or
tooled, and the joints shall be free of mortar and concrete.
G. Unless otherwise specified, the spacing (left to right when looking downstream) between Mass
Concrete Vertical Joints shall not exceed 25 feet. Mass Concrete Vertical Joints shall be
prepared in accordance with the requirements of this Section.
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3.14 Expansion Joints

A. Premolded filler strips shall have oiled wood strips secured to the top thereof and shall be
accurately positioned and secured against displacement to clean, smooth concrete surfaces.
B. The wood strips shall be slightly tapered, dressed and of the size required to install filler strips
at the desired level below the finished concrete surface and to form the groove for the joint
sealant or seals to the size shown.
C. Material used to secure pre-molded fillers and wood strips to the concrete shall not harm the
concrete and shall be compatible with the joint sealant or seals.
D. The wood strips shall not be removed until after the concrete curing period.
E. The groove shall be thoroughly cleaned of all laitance, curing compound, foreign materials,
protrusions of hardened concrete and any dust which shall be blown out of the groove with oil-
free compressed air.
F. Joints With Field-Molded Sealant:
1. Joints shall not be sealed when the sealant, air and concrete surface temperature is less
than 40 degrees F.
2. Immediately prior to installation of field molded sealants, joints shall be cleaned of all
debris and further cleaned using water, chemical solvents or other means as
recommended by the sealant manufacturer.
3. Joints shall be dry prior to filling with sealant.
4. Bond breaker and backup material shall be installed where required.
5. Joints shall be primed and filled flush with joint sealant in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations.
G. Joints With Preformed Compression Seals:
1. Joint seals shall be installed with equipment which shall be capable of installing joint
seals to the prescribed depth without cutting, nicking, twisting, or otherwise distorting or
damaging the seal and with no more than five percent stretching of the seal.
2. Sides of the joint and, if necessary, sides of the compression seal shall be covered with a
coating of lubricant, and the seal shall be installed to the depth indicated with joint
installation equipment.
3. Butt joints shall be coated with liberal applications of lubricant.
3.15 Waterstops
A. Install waterstops in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
B. Embed half of the PVC water stop on each side of the joint. Waterstops shall be carefully and
correctly positioned during installation to eliminate faulty installation that may result in joint
leakage. All waterstops shall be installed to form a continuous watertight diaphragm in each
joint.
C. Support and protect waterstops during construction.
D. Any waterstop punctured or damaged shall be replaced or repaired at the Contractor's
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expense.
E. Splice PVC waterstops together using approved splicing procedures to form a continuous
watertight diaphragm in accordance with the following:
1. All splices shall be made on a bench in a temporary shop provided at the site of
installation or manufacturer's plant.
2. Miter guide and portable power saw shall be used to cut the ends to be joined to ensure
good alignment and contact between joined surfaces. Continuity of the characteristic
features of the cross section of the water stop (ribs, tabular center axis, protrusions and
the like) shall be maintained across the splice.
3. Splice PVC water stops by heat sealing adjacent surfaces in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Do not expose water stop to direct flame which could
cause charring.
4. Waterstops shall be reformed at splices with a remolding iron with ribs or corrugations to
match the pattern of the water stop.
5. The spliced area, when cooled and bent by hand in as sharp an angle as possible, shall
show no sign of separation.
F. The concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated in the vicinity of the water stop.
G. Suitable guards shall be provided to protect exposed projecting edges and ends of partially
embedded water stops from damage when concrete placement has been discontinued.
H. Hydrophilic Waterstops:
1. Utilize the adhesive recommended by the manufacturer to attach hydrophilic waterstop to
the concrete surface.
2. Cut ends of hydrophilic waterstop square and fit together snug without use of overlaps.
3. Apply sealant or adhesive at splices as recommended by the manufacturer.
3.16 Chamfering
A. Place chamfers at exposed joints, edges and external corners, unless otherwise designated, to
produce uniformly straight lines and tight edge joints. Extend terminal edges to the required
limit and miter chamfer strips at changes in direction.
B. Unexposed corners may be formed either square or chamfered
C. Chamfered joints shall not be permitted where earth or rock fill is placed in contact with
concrete surfaces.
D. Chamfered joints shall be terminated twelve inches outside the limit of earth or rock fill so that
the end of the chamfers will be clearly visible.
3.17 Application of Form Release Agent

A. Apply form release agent to formwork in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
B. Apply form release agent prior to placement of reinforcing steel, anchoring devices, and
embedded items.
7-24
C. Do not allow excess form release agent to accumulate in forms or contact existing concrete
against which new concrete will be placed. Remove surplus coating on form surfaces and
coating on reinforcing steel and construction joints before placing concrete.
D. Do not apply form release agent where concrete surfaces are indicated to receive special
finishes or applied coverings that are affected by agent. Soak inside surfaces of untreated
forms with clean water. Keep surfaces coated prior to placement of concrete.
3.18 Inserts, Embedded Parts, and Openings

A. Provide formed openings where required for items to be embedded in or passing through
concrete work. Items to be embedded in concrete shall be positioned accurately and anchored
firmly. Weep holes in walls or slabs shall be formed with non-ferrous materials.
B. Coordinate with Work of other sections in forming and placing openings, slots, reglets,
recesses, sleeves, bolts, anchors, rebar couplers, other inserts, and components of other Work.
C. Install accessories straight, level, and plumb in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Ensure items are not disturbed during concrete placement.
D. Install water stops continuously without displacing reinforcement in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. Heat seal joints watertight.
E. Close temporary openings with tight fitting panels, flush with the inside face of forms, and
neatly fitted so joints will not be apparent in exposed concrete surfaces.
F. Form Ties:
1. Use sufficient strength and sufficient quantity to prevent spreading of forms.
2. Place ties at least 1 inch away from the finished surface of concrete.
3. Leave inner rods in concrete when forms are stripped.
4. Space form ties equidistant, symmetrical and aligned vertically and horizontally unless
otherwise shown on Drawings.
G. Cleanouts and Access Panels: Provide removable cleanout sections or access panels at
bottoms of forms to permit inspection and effective cleaning of loose dirt, debris and waste
material.
3.19 Tolerances for Completed Work

A. Tolerances are defined as allowable variations from specified lines, grades, and dimensions,
and as the allowable magnitude of surface irregularities. Tolerances for concrete formwork shall
be in accordance with the Section – Variations from Specified Lines, Grades, and Dimensions
and the Section – Tolerances for Concrete Surface Irregularities
B. CQA Manager or Engineer reserves the right to reduce tolerances if such tolerances impair
structural action or operational function of a structure.
C. Where tolerances are not stated in Specifications or Drawings for any individual structure or
feature, permissible deviations will be interpreted within construction tolerances as specified in
ACI 117.
D. Contractor shall be responsible for setting and maintaining concrete forms in place to ensure
7-25
that completed work is within tolerances specified, in this Section.

E. Concrete work that exceeds tolerance limits specified shall be remedied or removed and
replaced at the expense of and by the Contractor.
F. Remediation of out of tolerance components shall be subject to approval of the CQA Manager
or Engineer.
3.20 Concrete Curing and Form Removal

A. Do not remove forms or bracing until the concrete has gained sufficient strength to carry its own
weight and imposed loads and removal has been approved by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. Forms shall not be removed unless the minimum time, minimum ambient temperature, and
minimum compressive strength requirements below are met, except as otherwise directed or
specifically authorized by the CQA Manager or Engineer. When conditions are such as to justify
the requirement, forms will be required to remain in place for a longer period.
C. Where forms support more than one element, forms shall not be removed until the form
removal criteria are met by all supported elements.
D. Forms shall not be removed sooner than the following minimum time after concrete is placed.
These periods represent a cumulative number of days and fractions of days, not necessarily
consecutive, during which the temperature of the air adjacent to the concrete is above 50
degrees Fahrenheit.
Table 7-3: Concrete Curing and Form Removal Time Minimums
Element Time
Walls, Slabs, and Footings and Other Elements – with side or vertical 7 days
load
Walls, Slabs, Footings, and Other Elements – with no side or vertical loading:
Concrete supporting 20 to 30 feet of wall in place above it 7 days
Concrete supporting not more than 20 feet of wall in place above it 3 days
E. Evidence that concrete has gained sufficient strength to permit removal of forms shall be
determined by tests on control cylinders in accordance with the following:
1. Control cylinders shall be stored in the structure or as near the structure as possible, so
they receive the same curing conditions and protection methods as given those portions
of the structure they represent.
2. Control cylinders shall be removed from the molds at an age of no more than 24 hours.
3. All control cylinders shall be prepared and tested in accordance with applicable standards
and shall be tested within 4 hours after removal from the site.
7-26
F. Form removal shall be scheduled so that all necessary repairs can be performed as specified in
the Section - Cast-in-Place Concrete.
G. Loosen forms carefully. Do not wedge pry bars, hammers, or tools against finished concrete
surfaces scheduled for exposure to view. Perform formwork removal in a manner that will
prevent damage to concrete and ensure the complete safety of the structure.
H. Where forms are removed prior to 7 days of age, the age of stripped concrete shall be at least
7 days before any load is applied other than the weight of the wall itself and the forms and
scaffolds for succeeding lifts.
I. Store removed forms in a manner that surfaces to be in contact with fresh concrete will not be
damaged. Discard damaged forms.
3.21 Finishing Formed Surfaces

A. Concrete formed surfaces shall be true and even, and shall be free from open or rough spaces,
depressions, projections, or other defects in the specified surface finish or alignment. Over-
tolerance depressions or projections as defined in this Section will not be allowed to
accumulate. Finishing of formed surfaces shall be as specified below and shall be performed
immediately upon removal of forms.
B. All form bolts and ties shall be removed to a depth at least one inch below the surface of the
concrete. Cavities produced by form ties and other holes of similar size and depth shall be
thoroughly cleaned and, after interior surfaces have been kept continuously wet for at least
three hours, shall be carefully packed with a dry patching mortar (pre-shrunk) mixed not richer
than one part cement to three parts sand.
1. Patching mortar shall be thoroughly compacted into place to form a dense, well-bonded
unit, and the in-place mortar shall be sound and free from shrinkage cracks. Cure
patched areas as specified.
C. Unexposed Finished Surfaces: Provide standard rough finish to formed surfaces to be
concealed in finish work, by earth or rock fill, or by other construction, unless otherwise
designated. Standard rough form finish shall be the concrete surface having texture imparted
by form facing material. Repair defective concrete, fill form tie holes and surface depressions
deeper than one inch, and remove or smooth fins and abrupt projections which exceed 1 inch.
Required concrete surface finish for unexposed finished surfaces shall be formed concrete
surface category CSC1 in accordance with ACI 347.3R.
D. Exposed Finish Surfaces: Provide standard smooth finish to all formed surfaces exposed to
view and surfaces that convey water. Standard smooth finish shall be the as-cast concrete
surface obtained with form facing material. Required concrete surface finish for exposed finish
surfaces shall be formed concrete surface category CSC3 in accordance with ACI 347.3R.
1. Repair defective concrete, fill all form tie holes, remove or smooth all abrupt irregularities
greater than 1/4 inch in depth or projection, and treat all depressions such that they do
not exceed 1/4 inch in depth. Repair and patch material shall match the same color as
the exposed concrete finish surface.
2. Gaps in adjacent formwork components shall not exceed 1/4 inch. Depth of mortar loss
shall not exceed 1/4 inch. Surface offsets of panel joints up to 1/4 inch. Maximum
projections shall not exceed 1/4 inch from adjacent surface.
7-27
3. The required color uniformity class is CU2 in accordance with ACI 347.3R. Color
consistency between adjacent placements and layer lines shall be mostly uniform.
Concrete source materials and form-facing material shall be of consistent type, grade,
and source to avoid causing deviations in appearance. Rust and dirt stains are
unacceptable.
4. The required surface irregularity class is SI3 in accordance with ACI 347.3R. Maximum
gradual deviation over a distance of 5 feet, or abrupt deviation is 1/4 inch.
5. Deflection of formwork structure shall be limited to L/360 (span/360). The required
construction and facing joint class is CJ4 in accordance with ACI 347.3R. The offset of
surfaces between two adjacent placements shall not exceed 1/8 inch.
6. The required form facing category is class FC2 in accordance with ACI 347.3R. Holes
greater than 3/16 inch are acceptable if patched, sanded, and sealed or ground to match
adjacent form surface. Holes less than 3/16 inch are acceptable without patching,
provided form surface is not damaged or torn around the holes. Vibrator burns, concrete
remnants (hardened concrete on the form face) and swelling at fastener or tie holes are
unacceptable.
7. The required surface void ratio class is SVR3 in accordance with ACI 347.3R. Void area
shall not exceed 0.6% of the test area. The maximum void area of pores of the surface
occurring within a 24-inch by 24-inch square sample test area is 3.5 square inches. The
maximum void average diameter is 3/8 inch. Voids with an average diameter of less than
3/32 inch are excluded from the calculated void area.
8. Rub all exposed finish concrete surfaces with a medium coarse carborundum stone using
water for lubrication and cleaning.
9. Rubbing shall be started immediately after the forms are removed, patching is finished,
and the patching mortar has set thoroughly.
10. Continue rubbing until all form marks, projections and irregularities have been removed
and a uniform surface has been obtained.
11. After rubbing is completed, the surface shall be washed to remove loose powder and
shall be left free from unsound patches, paste, powder, and objectionable marks.
E. Finishing of exposed finished surfaces shall be completed on the same workday the forms are
removed.
F. Related Unformed Surfaces: At top of walls, horizontal offsets, and similar unformed surfaces
occurring adjacent to formed surfaces, strike off and finish with texture matching adjacent
formed surfaces. Continue final surface treatment of formed surfaces uniformly across adjacent
unformed surfaces, unless otherwise shown.
3.22 Finishing Unformed Surfaces

A. Do not work on finished surfaces until the surfaces have hardened sufficiently to prevent an
excess of fine material from being drawn to the surface. Begin floating when surface water has
disappeared, and concrete has stiffened sufficiently to permit operation of power-driven float.
Excessive floating, while concrete is soft, will not be permitted. Consolidate the surface with
power-driven floats, or by hand floating using bull floats or darbies if the area is small or
7-28
inaccessible to power units.

B. Check and level surface plane to tolerance specified in this Section when tested with a straight
edge. Cut high spots and fill low spots.
C. Immediately after leveling, refloat the surface to a uniform, smooth, granular texture.
D. Tool joints and edges using molding tools on unformed surfaces that will be exposed to view
that are not to be left square or have been chamfered.
E. Addition of dry cement or water to the surface of the unformed concrete surface to expedite
finishing will not be allowed.
F. Apply float finish to exposed unformed surfaces, including slabs, footings, and top (tread) of
stepped spillway, following strike-off of concrete to grade.
G. Apply broom finish to final exposed top of the mass concrete placed in the right abutment
seepage cutoff and to backfill concrete placed to prepare the rock surface for fill placement.
H. Apply a rough screed finish to the top of the mud mat.
3.23 Patching
A. Minor Areas:
1. The Contractor shall chip away defective areas to a depth of about 1 inch, leaving edges
perpendicular to the surface. The area to be patched and space of at least 6 inches wide
around it shall be thoroughly wet to prevent water from being absorbed out of the mortar.
2. Bonding agent as approved by CQA Manager or Engineer shall be applied to the area to
be patched. The patching mortar shall be applied after the bond becomes tacky.
3. Patching mortar shall consist of one part cement to two and one-half parts (1:2-1/2) sand.
With a bonding agent added the mortar shall be wetted to a consistency as dry as
possible within the requirements of handling and placing. The mortar shall be thoroughly
compacted by ramming it into place.
4. The patch shall be screed off to leave the patch slightly higher than surrounding surfaces.
It shall be left undisturbed for a period of one to two hours to permit initial shrinkage,
before performing final finishing.
5. The patch shall be finished to match adjacent surfaces and kept wet for at least seven
days. The Contractor shall provide and install all required protective covering.
6. Major Defective Areas: If the defects are serious or affect the strength of the structure, or
if patching does not satisfactorily restore the quality and appearance of the surface, the
CQA Manager or Engineer may require the concrete be completely removed and
replaced in accordance with the provisions of this section, all at no additional cost to the
Owner.
7-29
PART 4 SCHEDULES
4.1 Variations from Specified Lines, Grades, and Dimensions
A. Variation of controlling dimensions for each structure from the specified position in the plan
from the reference line:
 Overall dimensions: ± 1 inch
B. Variation from specified curved profile for the labyrinth crest surface:
 For crest of labyrinth:± 1/4 inch
C. Variation from plumb, specified batter, or specified curved profile for lines and surfaces of walls,
vertical joint grooves, and arises for exposed construction:
When overall height of the line or surface is:
 10 feet or less ± 1/2 inch
 More than 10 feet ± 3/4 inch
For any two successive intermediate points on the line or surface separated by:
 10 feet ± 1/2 inch
 10 feet or more ± 3/4 inch
D. Variation in thickness of slabs, walls, footings, and similar members from that specified:
 1/4 inch, +1/2 inch
E. Variation in the location from the specified position in the plan of sleeves, floor openings, and
walls openings:
 ± 1/2 inch
4.2 Tolerances for Concrete Surface Irregularities

A. Abrupt irregularities on surfaces subject to hydraulic flow:
 Nonparallel to flow: 1/8 inch
 Parallel to flow: 1/8 inch
B. Irregularities on surfaces not subject to flow:
Formed Exposed Surfaces:
 1/4 inch
Formed Unexposed Surfaces:
 1 inch
Unformed Surfaces – Screeded or floated:
 1/4 inch
Unformed Surfaces –Trowelled:
 1/16 inch
7-30
C. Gradual irregularities on surfaces subject to hydraulic flow:

Measured with templates perpendicular and parallel to the flow:
 1/4 inch
7-31
SECTION 8 Decant Structures February 9, 2024
SECTION 8 DECANT TOWER DISCHARGE PIPES
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Summary of Work: The Contractor shall furnish all labor and equipment required to install the
steel discharge pipes in accordance with the provisions and requirements of these
specifications, to the lines and grades shown on the Drawings. This work item includes but is
not limited to, any excavation and preparation of the foundation soils, dewatering, construction
of concrete foundations, and required assembly of the spillway discharge pipes. The Contractor
shall safely execute the Work and meet all applicable MSHA and OSHA requirements. The
Owner will provide the decant riser structures and their erection under a separate contract. The
Contractor shall construct the reinforced concrete decant riser structure foundation slabs. The
Contractor shall coordinate his spillway culvert work schedule with that of the decant riser
installer.

1. A 414/A 414M-10 – Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High- Strength,
Low-Alloy for Pressure Vessels.
B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, (AASHTO):
1. M36-03 (R2011) – Standard Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated, for
Sewers and Drains.

1.4 Submittals
A. Prior to beginning the Work, the Contractor shall submit specifications of material to CQA
Manager or Engineer for approval.

A. No metal will be accepted under these specifications and no bids will be considered for the
materials above described until after the sheet manufacturer’s typical analysis and
manufacturer’s guarantee have been reviewed by the Engineer and accepted. Misbranding or
other misrepresentation or non-uniformity of product will each be considered a sufficient reason
to discontinue the acceptance of any brand under these specifications. The type of base metal,
which is proposed to be furnished, shall be designated by the purchaser. One brand and one
brand only shall be approved for each base metal furnished by each of the actual
manufacturers of the sheets.
8-1

A. The manufacturer of each brand of metal shall file with the Engineer a certificate setting forth
the name of brand of metal to be furnished, and a typical or average analysis showing the
percent of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, and any other elements
specified for the particular base metal. The certificate shall be sworn to for the manufacturer by
a person having legal authority to bind the company.
B. The manufacturer of the sheets shall submit a guarantee providing that all metal furnished shall
conform to the specification requirements, shall bear a suitable identification brand or mark,
and shall be replaced without cost to the purchaser when not in conformity with the specified
analysis, gauge, or spelter coating; and the guarantee shall be so worded as to remain in effect
so long as the manufacturer continues to furnish material.

A. The Contractor shall provide access to the Work for the CQA Manager or Engineer on a
continual basis as required for inspection and testing by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. All culvert, spillway, and riser installation operations are to be continuously observed by the
Inspector.
C. Field welds shall be inspected by a qualified inspector approved by the CQA Manager or
Engineer.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Pipe
A. Discharge piping through the dams shall be carbon steel 0.50” wall thickness, spiral welded
seam, API 5L steel line pipe meeting PSL-1 Grade B (35 ksi minimum yield strength).”
B. Vertical “Downcomer” pipe segments shall be carbon steel (standard) 0.375” wall thickness and
shall conform to ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems.
2.2 Seep Shield

A. Two seep shields consisting of 12-gauge, 8 feet x 8 feet square cornered steel seep-shields
shall be fully welded to the culvert at locations shown on the Drawings, so as to leave no void
space or unwelded (unsealed) seam within the assembly.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Spillway Structure
A. The spillway structures shall conform to the Drawings with the following provisions for site
preparation procedures, backfilling, and pipe support, which are illustrated in detail on the
Drawings.
8-2
B. Welders shall be certified for the procedures and positions to be used. Certifications of welding
shall be performed by an independent testing laboratory and shall also be in effect at the time
of work. Weld electrodes shall be the exact type recommended by the pipe manufacturer.
C. Spillway discharge pipes are to be laid at the specified lines and grades and supported a
minimum of 8 inches above the prepared soil bed. The culverts are to be anchored with soil
anchors and straps spaced along their entire length to prevent any movement during the
placement of concrete and backfilling. Two seep shields shall be installed on each discharge
pipe as shown in the Drawings.
D. The soil bed for spillway installation must be firm, unyielding under equipment traffic, and
maintained free of standing water or deleterious soils. The side slopes of the excavation should
be flat enough to be stable and meet current OSHA regulations. The side slopes shall also be
4H:1V, or flatter. The width of the excavation should be sufficient to allow for proper compaction
and vehicular traffic including concrete trucks.
E. Wood forms shall be used to contain the concrete cradle. Trenches for laying of forms shall be
backfilled with compacted overburden spoil fill as shown on the Drawings.
F. In casting the cradle, concrete with a 28-day design compressive strength of 2500 psi and with
a maximum aggregate size of 3/4-inch is to be initially placed from one side of the culvert pipe
only, vibrated and forced under the pipe to the opposite side. When a sufficient amount of
concrete has passed beneath the culvert into the opposite side, pouring and vibrating may be
continued from the other side. The concrete should extend up from the bottom of the culvert a
distance equal to one-half the diameter of the culvert, in two separate lifts as shown on the
Drawings. Under no condition shall the second lift be poured before the first lift has attained its
initial set.
G. The concrete cradle is to extend along the horizontal length of the spillway discharge culvert
from the riser structure to the outermost edge of the embankment.
H. Backfill at the spillway is to be consistent with the section of the dam being built. Backfill soils
are to be compacted to the same requirements as specified for the embankment materials.
3.2 Surface Preparation

A. Steel and Iron:
1. The surface preparation is based upon the S.S.P.C. (Steel Structures Painting Council)
guide governing the specific and best cleaning methods available to ensure the proper
surface preparation for the paint system outlined.
2. The height of the profile of the anchor pattern shall be a maximum of 1 mil.
3. Surface preparation shall be Near-White Blasting Cleaning SSPC-SP-10 for setting area
spillways and SSPC-SP-6 for floating walkways, collars and other discharge structures
unless a higher standard is specified or recommended by the coating manufacturer.
4. Field repair of surfaces shall be prepared according to SSPC-SP-3.
B. Galvanized:
1. Clean, new galvanized surfaces may be painted without surface preparation.
2. Minimum thickness is the least of any test readings taken, not an average thickness of
8-3
coating.
C. Dry film thickness must meet these specifications. All painting systems shall be available for
inspection by the Owner’s Engineer or representative. Any coating system found to be deficient
in film thickness, have holidays, runs, drips, etc. shall be recoated at the request of the
Engineer at no additional charge to the Owner.
3.3 Installation
A. Except as otherwise specified, all ductile iron pipe shall be installed in accordance with
ANSI/AWWA C-600. Great care shall be taken during loading, transportation and unloading to
prevent injury to the pipe or coating. Under no circumstances shall pipe be dropped. All pipe
and fittings shall be carefully examined before laying and no piece shall be installed which is
found to be defective. Any damage to the pipe shall be repaired as directed by the CQA
B. If any defective pipe is discovered after it has been laid, it shall be removed and replaced with a
sound pipe in a satisfactory manner by the Contractor, at his own expense.
C. All pipe and fittings shall be thoroughly cleaned before laying and shall be kept clean until they
are used in the completed work and when laid shall conform to the lines and grades shown.
D. Pipes shall be installed with bell ends in the direction of laying. No pipe shall be laid upon a
foundation in which frost exists.
E. Blocking of pipelines laid in the ground will not be permitted unless the pipe is to be laid with a
concrete cradle or encasement. Open ends of pipes shall be kept plugged with a bulkhead
during construction. Sufficient backfill shall be placed or other precautions shall be taken to
prevent flotation or movement.
3.4 Bituminous Protection

A. The pipe shall be uniformly coated with bituminous material inside and out to a minimum
thickness of .05 inch, measured on the crest of the corrugation.
B. The bituminous material shall be 99.5% soluble in carbon disulfide.
C. The ends of each pipe section (male and female) shall be taped back 4 inches to allow for field
welding.
D. The asphalt cement shall adhere to the metal tenaciously.
3.5 Field Repair

A. Upon completion of the erection or installation of structural steel or equipment, all areas where
the painted or galvanized surfaces have been damaged shall be suitably prepared and painted
as designated in this specification for that surface.
B. Under no circumstances shall pieces of equipment be assembled without the appropriate
coating system as designated for the particular piece of equipment.
C. Whenever pipe requires cutting to fit into other lines, the work shall be done by means of an
abrasive wheel or Wach's saw. Ends shall be cut smooth and at right angles to the axis of the
pipe.
8-4
3.6 Weather Conditions

A. No field painting shall be done during foggy or inclement weather or when the temperature is
not expected to reach 60 degrees Fahrenheit during the day. No painting shall be done when
the relative humidity is such to cause moisture condensation or uninsulated surfaces due to
variation in the surface and ambient air temperatures. Conditions shall be within the
manufacturer’s recommendation and guidelines.
*** END OF SECTION ****
8-5
SECTION 9 Grout-Filled Erosion Control Mat February 9, 2024
SECTION 9 GROUT-FILLED EROSION CONTROL MAT
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Summary of Work: The Contractor shall furnish all labor and equipment required to install the
grout-filled erosion control mat, also designated as fabric-formed or filter point mat, in
accordance with the provisions and requirements of this specification, to the lines and grades
shown on the Drawings. This work item includes but is not limited to, any excavation and
preparation of the foundation soils, dewatering, construction of concrete foundations, and
required assembly of the grout-filled erosion control mat.

1. ASTM C 31/C 31M-10 – Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in Field.
2. ASTM C 33 – Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
3. ASTM C 39/C 39M-12 – Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens.
4. ASTM C 150 – Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
5. ASTM C 260 – Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
6. ASTM C 618 – Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Calcined Natural Pozzolan for
Use in Concrete.
7. ASTM C 939 – Standard Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate
Concrete (Flow Cone Method).
8. ASTM D 1683/D 1683M-11a – Standard Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of
Woven Apparel Fabrics.
9. ASTM D 1777 – Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials.
10. ASTM D 3776/D 3776M-09ae2 – Standard Test Method for Mass per Unit Area (Weight)
of Fabric.
11. ASTM D 3786/D 3786M-09 – Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
Fabrics – Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method.
12. ASTM D 4354 – Practice for Sampling of Geotextiles for Testing.
13. ASTM D 4491-99a – Standard Test Method for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by
Permittivity.
14. ASTM D 4533-11 – Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles.
15. ASTM D 4595-11 – Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide Width
Strip Method.
9-1
16. ASTM D 4632-08 – Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of
Geotextiles.
17. ASTM D 4751-04 – Standard Test Method for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a
Geotextile.
18. ASTM D 4759 – Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of Geotextiles.
19. ASTM D 4833-07 – Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
Geomembranes and Related Products.
20. ASTM D 4873 – Standard Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geotextiles.
21. ASTM D 4884 – Test Method for Seam Strength of Sewn Geotextiles.
22. ASTM D 5199 – Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of Geotextiles and
Geomembranes.
23. ASTM D 5261 – Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles.

1.4 Submittals
A. Prior to beginning the Work, the Contractor shall submit specifications of material to the
Engineer for approval a minimum of 4 weeks prior to installation.
B. Quality Control Manuals from the manufacturer for the installation and testing of the geotextile.
C. Quality Control Certificates from the manufacturer.
D. Proposed grout mix proportions including supporting trial mix results and certification that the
mix proportions will produce grout of the specified quality and yield, anticipated slumps for each
proposed mix.

A. The Contractor shall submit a complete description of his proposed filter point mat facing,
including the supplier and grout mix proportions for filling the filter point mats, for approval by
the Owner. The Contractor shall also submit the filter point mat manufacturer's
recommendations for storing, handling, repairing, installing and filling with concrete for approval
by the Owner a minimum of 4 weeks prior to installation.
B. The manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality control program for
geotextile to assure compliance with the requirements of this specification. The Contractor shall
provide the documentation describing the quality control program from the manufacturer to the
Engineer.

A. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the methods referenced in this specification. The
manufacturer’s certificate shall state that the finished geotextile meets the requirements of this
specification.
9-2
B. The compressive strength test shall conform to ASTM C 39, "Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens".
C. A minimum of three standard cylinders shall be molded and tested for each pour where 25
cubic yards, or any fraction thereof, is placed in one day. A minimum of three additional
cylinders shall be molded and tested for each additional 50 cubic yards, or fraction thereof,
placed in the same day.
D. The Contractor must perform one of the cylinder tests at 7 days and two at 28 days. The test
results shall be the average of the two 28-day cylinders.

A. The Contractor shall provide access to the Work for the CQA Manager or Engineer on a
continual basis, as required for inspection and testing by the CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. The geotextile manufacturer shall supply samples of geotextile to the Engineer for conformance
testing. Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be taken at a rate of one per lot, not to
exceed one conformance test per 10,000 square feet of geotextile (or 20 rolls).
C. The following conformance tests shall be performed.
1. Mass per unit area.
2. Apparent Opening Size.
3. Tensile Strength.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Erosion Control Mat
A. The erosion control mat shall be Filter Band (FB) type and have a finished average thickness of
6 inches, a nominal mass per unit area of 68 lb/ft2, and a deeply textured surface appearance
with alternating concrete tubes. The shear resistance of the concrete lining shall be 30 lb./ ft2.
B. The erosion control mat shall be composed of synthetic yarns formed into a woven fabric.
Yarns used in the manufacture of the fabric shall be composed of polyester. Forms shall be
woven with a minimum of 50% textured yarns (by weight). Partially oriented (POY), draw-
textured, and/or staple yarns shall not be used in the manufacture of the fabric. Each layer of
fabric shall conform to the physical, mechanical, and hydraulic requirements listed in Table 9-1.
The fabric forms shall be free of defects or flaws, which significantly affect their physical,
mechanical, or hydraulic properties.
C. The erosion control mat shall consist of double-layer woven fabric joined together by spaced,
interwoven Erosion control mat to form a concrete lining with a deeply cobbled surface
appearance. Erosion control mat shall be formed by interweaving the double-layer fabric to
form water permeable drains and attachment points for the control of concrete lining thickness.
The interweaving of the fabric layers shall form an area of double density, high strength, single-
layer fabric with an area of and a perimeter of 63 in2 and a perimeter of 11 inches. All erosion
9-3
control mat fabric shall be cross shaped and shall have twill weave centers designed to
function as drains to relieve hydrostatic uplift pressure.
Table 9-1: Property Requirements of Erosion Control Mat Fabric(1)(2)
Lists Test Method Units Values

Physical Properties
Composition of Yarns Polyester

2
Mass per Unit Area (double-layer) ASTM D 5261 oz/yd 11.3
Thickness ASTM D 5199 mils 25
Mil Width in 83
Mechanical Properties
Wide-Width Strip Tensile Strength ASTM D 4595

MD lbs 295
TD lbs 269
Elongation at Break ASTM D 4595
MD % 13
TD % 13
Grab Tensile Strength ASTM D4632
MD lbs/in 310
TD lbs/in 228
Elongation at Break ASTM D4632
MD % 23
TD % 20
Trapezoidal Tear Strength ASTM D 4533
MD lbs 125
TD lbs 105
Hydraulic Properties
Apparent Opening Size (AOS) ASTM D 4751 U.S. Sieve 16

Permittivity ASTM D 4491 sec1 2.4
Flow Rate ASTM D 4491 gal/min/ft2 180
2
Flow Rate through Filter Point ASTM D 4491 gal/min/ft 7
(1)
Notes: = Conformance of fabric to specification property requirements shall be based on ASTM D 4759,
“Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of Geotextiles.”
(2)
= All numerical values represent minimum average roll values. Lots shall be sampled according to
ASTM D 4354, “Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing.”
9-4
D. Mill widths of fabric shall be a minimum of 84 inches. Each selvage edge of the top and bottom
layers of fabric shall be reinforced for a width of not less than 1.35 inches by adding a minimum
of 6 warp yarns to each selvage construction. Mill width rolls shall be cut to the length required,
and the double-layer fabric separately joined, bottom layer to bottom layer and top layer to top
layer, by means of sewing thread, to form multiple mill width panels with sewn seams on not
less than 80 inches centers.
E. All factory-sewn seams shall be downward facing as shown on the Drawings. All seams sewn
in the factory shall be not less than 90 lbf/in when tested in accordance with ASTM D 4884. All
sewn seams and zipper attachments shall be made using a double line of U.S. Federal
Standard Type 401 stitch. All stitches shall be sewn simultaneously and be parallel to each
other, spaced between 0.25 inches to 0.75 inches apart. Each row of stitching shall consist of 4
to 7 stitches per inch. Thread used for seaming shall be nylon and/or polyester.
F. Baffles shall be installed at predetermined mill width intervals to regulate the distance of lateral
flow of fine aggregate concrete. The baffle material shall be nonwoven filter fabric. The grab
tensile strength of the filter fabric shall be not less than 90 lbf when tested in accordance with
ASTM D 4632.
G. The erosion control mats shall be kept dry and wrapped such that they are protected from the
elements during shipping and storage. If stored outdoors, they shall be elevated and protected
with a waterproof cover that is opaque to ultraviolet light. The erosion control mat shall be
labeled as per ASTM D 4873, “Guide for Identification, Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic
Rolls.”
H. The Contractor shall submit a manufacturer’s certificate that the supplied erosion control mat
meets the criteria of these Specifications, as measured in full accordance with the test methods
and standards referenced herein. The certificates shall include the following information about
each erosion control mat delivered:
1. Manufacturer’s name and current address; Product name.
2. Style and Product code number; Form number(s).
3. Composition of yarns; and Manufacturer’s certification statement.
2.2 Fine Aggregate Concrete

A. Fine aggregate concrete shall consist of a proportioned mixture of Portland cement, fine
aggregate (sand) and water. The consistency of the fine aggregate concrete delivered to the
concrete pump shall be proportioned and mixed to have an efflux time of 9-12 seconds when
passed through the 0.75-inch orifice of the standard flow cone that is described in ASTM C
939. Pozzolan, fluidifier, or pumping aid conforming to this Specification may be used at the
option of the Contractor. The mix shall exhibit a compressive strength of 2,500 lb/in2 at 28 days
with required slump between 8 to 10 inches, when made and tested in accordance with ASTM
C 31 and C 39.
B. Portland cement shall conform to ASTM C 150, Type I or Type II.
C. Fine aggregate shall conform to ASTM C 33, except for grading. Aggregate grading shall be
consistent and shall not exceed the maximum size, which can be conveniently handled with
available pumping equipment.
9-5
D. Water for mixing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oil, acid, salt, alkali, organic
matter or other deleterious substances.
E. Pozzolan, if used, shall conform to ASTM C 618, Class C, F, or N.
F. Plasticizing and air entraining admixtures, if used, shall conform to ASTM C 494 and ASTM C
260, respectively.
2.3 Geotextile
A. The geotextile shall be a 100-mil thick, 10 oz/yd2, non-woven, needle punched fabric
constructed from 100% polypropylene, or 100% polyester (polyethylene terephthalate base
resin). The geotextile shall be uniform and homogeneous in appearance and composition, and
shall be free from tears, cuts, or any defect that may affect serviceability. The geotextile shall
be supplied in rolls having a minimum width of 15 feet and a minimum length of 300 feet.
B. The geotextile shall exhibit the following minimum properties as shown in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2: Property Requirements of Geotextile
Property Test Method Criterion
Weight ASTM D >10 oz/yd2

3776
Thickness ASTM D >100 mil
1777
Apparent Opening Size1 ASTM D >100 U.S. Standard Sieve
4751
Permeability to Water ASTM D >0.2 cm/sec
4491
Grab Tensile Strength2 ASTM D >235 lb
4632
Grab Elongation2 ASTM D >50%
4632
Trapezoidal Tear ASTM D >95 lb
Strength2 4533
Puncture Resistance ASTM D >120 lb
4833
Mullens Burst Strength ASTM S 3786 >380 psi
Notes: 1 = The geotextile shall have a corresponding Equivalent Opening Size (EOS) of less than 0.149 mm.
2 = Tested in both machine and transverse direction
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Site Preparation
A. Areas on which fabric forms are to be placed shall be constructed to the lines, grades,
contours, and dimensions shown on the Drawings. All obstructions such as roots and projecting
stones shall be removed. Where such areas are below the allowable grades, they shall be
9-6
brought to grade by placing compacted layers of select material. The thickness of layers and
the amount of compaction shall be as specified by the CQA Manager or Engineer. Where
required by the Specifications, soft and otherwise unsuitable subgrade soils shall be identified,
excavated, and replaced with select materials in accordance with the Specifications.
B. Excavation and preparation of aprons as well as anchor, terminal, or toe trenches shall be done
in accordance with the lines, grades, contours, and dimensions shown on the Drawings.
C. Immediately prior to placing the fabric forms, the prepared area shall be inspected by the CQA
Manager or Engineer, and no forms shall be placed thereon until the area has been approved.
3.2 Installation
A. Erosion Control Mat
1. The Erosion control mat shall be placed on the graded surface approved by the Engineer
and/or Engineer’s Representative.
2. The Erosion control mat shall be placed over the geotextile and within the limits shown on
the Drawings. Anchoring of the erosion control mat shall be accomplished using anchor,
terminal, and toe trenches to meet the manufacturer’s requirements.
3. Adjacent erosion control mat shall be joined before filling with fine aggregate concrete by
field sewing or zippering the two bottom layers of fabric together and the two top layers of
fabric together. All field seams shall be made using two lines of U.S. Federal Standard
Type 101 stitches. All sewn seams shall be downward facing, and all zipper seams shall
be fastened per the manufacturer’s requirements.
4. Immediately prior to filling with fine aggregate concrete, the assembled fabric forms shall
be inspected by the Engineer and/or Engineer’s Representative, and no fine aggregate
concrete shall be pumped therein until the erosion control mat seams have been
approved. At no time shall the unfilled erosion control mat be exposed to ultraviolet light
(including direct sunlight) for a period exceeding five days.
5. Care shall be exercised during installation of the erosion control mat so as not to damage
the underlying geotextile. The Contractor shall protect the weep holes from filling with soil
or other foreign matter throughout construction and shall maintain and/or restore the
open and clean condition of the weep holes. Any damage to the erosion control mat or
geotextile shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own expense.
B. Fine Aggregate Concrete Placement
1. Following the placement of the erosion control mat, small slits shall be cut in the top layer
of the erosion control mat to allow the insertion of the filling pipe at the end of the fine
aggregate concrete pump hose. These slits shall be of the minimum length to allow
proper insertion of the filling pipe. Fine aggregate concrete shall be pumped between the
top and bottom layers of fabric, filling the forms to the recommended thickness and
configuration.
2. Fine aggregate concrete shall be injected in such a way that the erosion control mat is
fully inflated but is not overinflated to the point of rupturing. Any damage to the erosion
control mat caused by overinflation shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer,
including removal and replacement, at the Contractor's expense.
9-7
3. Holes in the erosion control mat left by the removal of the filling pipe shall be temporarily
closed by inserting a piece of nonwoven fabric or similar material. The nonwoven fabric
shall be removed when the concrete is no longer fluid and the concrete surface at the
hole shall be cleaned and smoothed by hand. Foot traffic on the erosion control mat shall
be restricted to an absolute minimum for one hour after filling.
4. After the fine aggregate concrete has set, all anchor, terminal, and toe trenches shall be
backfilled and compacted, as specified by the Engineer and/or Engineer’s
Representative.
5. After the fine aggregate concrete has set, the surface of the erosion control mat shall be
cleaned via pressure washing or similar method to remove grout from the filter
bands/points. The filter points shall be free of any residual caking or clogging from grout
bleed.
C. Geotextile
1. Construct the surface underlying the geotextiles smooth and free of ruts or protrusions,
which could damage the geotextiles.
2. Install geotextiles in accordance with Manufacturer's written recommendations.
3. Hand place geotextile. No equipment will be permitted to traffic in direct contact with the
geotextile.
4. Lay geotextile smooth to be free of tensile stresses, folds, and wrinkles.
5. Overlap all geotextile seams by a minimum of 18 inches.
6. Protect geotextiles from clogging, tears, and other damage during installation.
7. Use adequate ballast (e.g., sandbags) to prevent uplift by wind.
8. Do not use staples or pins to hold the geotextile in place.
9. Do not leave geotextile uncovered for more than 14 days.
3.3 Geotexile Seams

A. Factory seams, if any, shall be made by sewing or stitching the geotextile sheets together using
a thread having the same composition as the geotextile. For factory seams, the strength as
determined in accordance with ASTM Standard D 1683, shall not be less than 90% of that of
the unaged geotextile material in any principal direction.
3.4 Geotextile Packaging

A. Each geotextile roll shall be individually packaged at the factory as needed to prevent
damage during shipment and handling. Each geotextile roll shall also be wrapped at the
factory by a protective ultraviolet-resistant thin plastic film no less than 2 mils in
thickness and made of low-density polyethylene containing no less than 3 percent
carbon black. The plastic sheet shall completely cover the geotextile roll.
3.5 Geotextile Field Repair

1. Place a patch of the same type of geotextile, which extends a minimum of 12 inches
beyond the edge of the damage or defect.
9-8
2. Fasten patches continuously using a double-stitched sewn seam or other approved

method.
3. Align the machine direction of the patch with the machine direction of the geotextile being
repaired.
4. Replace geotextile that cannot be repaired.
9-9
SECTION 10 Seeding and Mulching February 9, 2024
SECTION 10 SEEDING AND MULCHING
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. All finished downstream and upstream embankment slopes, toe roads and hydraulic return
ditch slopes shown on the Drawings shall be grassed as protection against surface erosion.
B. A 6-inch-thick layer of overburden cap soil material favorable to plant growth shall be placed on
any exposed sand tailings slopes, which are to be conditioned, seeded and mulched to
establish permanent erosion control.

A. Referenced Standards:
1. American Standard for Nursery Stock (ASNS)
2. ASTM International
a. D 997, Drop Test for Loaded Cylindrical Containers
3. Standard Methods of the Association of Official Agricultural
4. United States Department of Agriculture, (USDA)
a. USDA Federal Seed Act
5. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT):
a. Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (latest edition)
1.3 Submittals
A. The Contractor shall provide necessary documents/certifications to the Owner confirming that
all materials supplied for the project meet the requirement of these Specifications.
B. Submit Product Data for seed mix, lime, fertilizer, mulch, and other products to be used.
C. Submit a Manufacturer's Certificate certifying that products meet or exceed specified
requirements.
D. Submit soil testing results for topsoil, including recommended application rates for lime and
fertilizer.
E. Submit a soil conditioning and seeding plan for a test plot. The test plot shall confirm a suitable
soil conditioning and seeding plan for erosion control within the project.

1.5 Quality Requirements
A. All fertilizers shall be delivered in original, unopened containers bearing the manufacturer’s
guaranteed analysis.
10-1
B. All seed shall be delivered in original, unopened containers bearing manufacturer’s analysis of
contents. Seed shall be guaranteed 95 percent pure and have a minimum germination rate of
85 percent, within 1 year of test.
A. The Contractor shall seed within the areas as shown in the Drawings and other areas
designated by the Owner/CQA Manager or Engineer.
B. Seeding of blended grasses shall consist of ground preparation, furnishing, and sowing
approved seed, mulching, furnishing, and spreading two applications of an approved
commercial fertilizer. A single application of an approved commercial fertilizer may be
considered acceptable, pending approval by the Owner.
C. All seeding operations shall be performed in accordance with the provision of these
Specifications.
D. A test plot on a 2.5 (horizontal) to 1 (vertical) slope shall be established by the Contractor to
demonstrate vegetation can be established to provide sufficient erosion control. The vegetative
coverage and established erosion control shall be approved by the Owner and Engineer.
E. The Contractor shall guarantee germination of 85 percent of all grasses.
F. The Contractor shall furnish invoices for all materials received on site to the CQA Manager or
Engineer as verification of the minimum application rate of materials.
G. The Contractor shall not perform fertilizing, seeding, and mulching operations when wind
velocities exceed 15 miles per hour.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 General
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for calculation of the required quantity and volume of each
material based on Drawings, test results, estimates of wastage during delivery, stockpiling,
haulage and placement, experience with similar materials, and other factors as identified by the
Contractor.
B. The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated with delays or material quantity or
volume shortfalls due to miscalculation or required rework resulting from not meeting material
or placement specifications.
C. The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing and implementing a suitable vegetative
plan for developing vegetative coverage and provide permanent erosion control.
10-2
2.2 Materials
A. Overburden Cover Soil:
1. Utilizing designated stockpiles from disturbed areas on-site, the Contractor shall ensure
that sufficient quantities exist to allow placement of a minimum of six inches (after
compaction) of topsoil over all graded earthen areas and over any other areas to be
seeded.
2. If sufficient quantities of topsoil do not exist on-site or are not available as a result of the
Contractor’s operations, the Contractor shall, at no additional cost to the Owner, import
topsoil to achieve the specified coverage and thickness. Imported topsoil shall meet the
requirements of this Section.
3. Topsoil shall be a friable loam containing a large amount of humus and shall be original
surface soil of good rich, uniform quality, free from any material such as hard clods, stiff
clay, hardpan, partially disintegrated stone, lime, cement, cinders, slag, concrete,
bitumen or its residue, boards, stocks, chips, or other undesirable material harmful or
unnecessary to plant growth.
4. Topsoil shall be free from perennial weeds and shall not contain objectionable plant
material, toxic amounts of either acid or alkaline elements, or vegetable debris
undesirable or harmful to plant life.
5. Topsoil shall be natural topsoil without admixture of subsoil material, and shall be
classifiable as loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or a combination thereof.
6. The pH of topsoil shall range from 5.5 to 7.0.
B. Fertilizer: Commercial fertilizer shall contain a labeled mix of (16-8-8) and contain the minimum
percentages (respectively) of (1) total nitrogen, (2) available phosphoric acid, and (3) water-
soluble potash. At least 50% of the nitrogen shall be from a slow-release source. Fertilizers
containing ammonium nitrate is not acceptable.
C. Seed Quality: Fresh, clean, new-crop seed labeled in accordance with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Rules and Regulations, Federal Seed Act in effect on the date of bidding. Provide
seed of species, proportions, and minimum percentages of purity, germination, and maximum
percentage of weed seed as specified. Approval of all seed for use shall be based on the
accumulative total of PLS specified for each phase of work.
10-3
D. Seed:
Table 10-1: Seed Mix Requirements by Type
Common Name Minimum Minimum Percent LBS (PLS)

Percent Purity Germination Per Acre
Common Bermuda grass 95 85 20
Pensacola Bahia grass 98 85 60
Rye grass – annual quick growing 95 90 30
Millet grass – quick growing 90 85 30
Notes: 1 = Annual quick growing Rye grass seed shall be planted between September 1st and January 31st.
2 = Quick growing Millet grass seed shall be planted between March 16th and August 31st.
3 = PLS= Pure Live Seed (%). Percentage of pure live seed per unit is calculated by multiplying the germination
rate (%) by the purity (%) for each species.
2.3 Delivery
A. Furnish seed in sealed standard containers labeled with the producer’s name and seed
analysis. Remove from the site seed, which has become wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged in
transit.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Site Preparation
A. Any growth, rocks, or other obstructions, which might interfere with tilling, seeding, or later
maintenance operations, shall be removed and disposed of properly. Remove stones over
2 inches in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other extraneous matter.
B. Areas to be seeded are to be graded to a rough texture capable of holding seed over sloped
surfaces. Roll and rake, remove ridges and fill depressions, to meet finish grades. Limit fine
grading to areas, which can be planted in the immediate future.
C. Moisten prepared areas before planting if the soil is dry. Water thoroughly and allow the surface
to dry before planting.
D. If prepared areas are eroded or otherwise disturbed after fine grading and prior to planting, they
shall be restored to specified condition prior to planting.
E. Immediately upon completion of construction, the grass shall be planted in all disturbed areas
and as designated in the Drawings. The method of planting shall be either hydroseeding or dry
seeding.
3.2 Placing Overburden Cap Soil

A. The Contractor shall not place overburden cap soil when the subgrade is wet enough to cause
clodding.
B. The Contractor shall spread and compact a minimum 6-inch layer of overburden cap soil layer
on all disturbed earth slopes areas to be seed and mulched.
10-4
C. The Contractor shall compact the overburden cap soil layer by tracking it with a minimum of two
passes of a CAT D-6 Dozer, or larger.
D. The finished surface of the overburden cap soil shall be free of stones, sticks, or other material
greater than 1 inch in any dimension.
E. The final surface of the overburden cap soil shall be graded in accordance with the Drawings.
F. The Contractor shall obtain the Engineer's acceptance of the final grade upon completion of
placing the overburden cap soil.
3.3 Fertilizing
A. The Contractor shall use a spreading device capable of uniformly distributing the fertilizer at a
rate of 600 pounds per acre.
B. The Contractor shall apply fertilizer in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
C. The fertilizer shall be applied after smooth raking of the overburden cap soil and within 48
hours of seeding.
D. The fertilizer shall be thoroughly mixed into 4 inches of overburden cap soil.
E. The Contractor shall lightly water the fertilized area immediately following application to aid the
dissipation of the fertilizer.
3.4 Seeding
A. The Contractor shall not use seed that is wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged.
B. The Contractor shall not conduct seeding operations, including fertilizing, seeding, and
mulching, when wind speeds exceed 15 miles per hour.
C. The Contractor shall employ satisfactory methods of sowing using power-driven drills or
seeders, mechanical hand seeders, or other approved equipment.
D. The Contractor shall stop work when satisfactory results cannot be obtained because of
drought, excessive moisture, or other factors. Resume work only when favorable conditions
develop.
E. After fertilizing and while the soil is loose and adequately moist to induce growth, uniformly
distribute seed and immediately mix into the seedbed to a depth of 1/2-inch using an approved
mechanical seed spreader.
3.5 Mulching
A. The Contractor shall immediately protect seeded areas against erosion by mulching.
B. Spread mulch as a continuous blanket using an application rate of two (2) tons per acre.
C. Only use undeteriorated mulch that can be readily cut into soil.
D. The mulch shall be free of Cogen grass and other nuisance species.
E. The Contractor shall protect seeded areas against traffic by erecting barricades and placing
warning signs.
F. Immediately following mulch spreading, the Contractor shall anchor the mulch using a rolling
10-5
coulter or a wheatland land packer having wheels with V-shaped edges or similar equipment,
and in accordance with the requirements of Section 570 of the FDOT Standard Specifications
for Road and Bridge Construction.
3.6 Maintenance and Replacement

A. The Contractor shall maintain sodded and mulched areas through a one-year maintenance
period.
B. The maintenance period begins upon completion of installation of the entire area to be seeded
or mulched.
C. CQA Manager or Engineer shall review seeded or mulched areas after installation for initial
acceptance to confirm material has been placed in accordance with the Drawings and
Specifications.
D. Seeded areas shall be mowed to maintain the grass at a 12-inch maximum height.
E. Re-mulch areas where the mulch has been disturbed by wind or traffic sufficiently to nullify its
purpose.
F. The Engineer will review for final acceptability of installed areas at the end of the maintenance
period.
G. Maintain repaired areas until the end of the maintenance period or as approved by the
Engineer, whichever is the longer period.
10-6
SECTION 11 Measurement and Payment February 9, 2024
SECTION 11 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
A. Measurement and Payment Terms provide as separate bid documents by the Owner.
11-1
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SFM-11 Clay Settling Area – Above Grade Embankment

1 Statement of Work D February 2024

SECTION 1 STATEMENT OF WORK

facility including access road, ramps, signage and safety features.

1.2 Applicable Publications

1.5 Qualifications (not used)

PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT USED)

3.2 Contractor Safety

3.3 Protection of Natural Resources

3.4 Quality Control and Assurance Plan

6. Work Approval Documentation: As circumstances require, the CQA Manager shall

*** END OF SECTION ***

SECTION 2 MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION

1.2 Applicable Publications (not used)

1.5 Qualifications (not used)

outside the limits of the project area.

1.7 Certifications and Testing (not used)

*** END OF SECTION ***

SECTION 3 SITE PREPARATION

1.2 Applicable Publications (not used)

1.5 Qualifications (not used)

1.7 Certifications and Testing (not used)

PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT USED)

3.2 Erosion Control

3.3 Protection and/or Relocation of Existing Facilities

*** END OF SECTION ***

1.2 Applicable Publications

1.5 Qualifications (not used)

1.7 Certifications and Testing

1.8 Inspection Coordination

1.9 Warranty (not used)

PART 2 PART 2 – PRODUCTS

SM, SP-SC, SM, or SC as determined in accordance with ASTM D 2487 or alternate as

2.3 Certifications and Testing

3.2 Site Excavation and Grading

designated as directed by the Owner.

3.3 Fill Placement

any uncompacted material along the outer edges.

to spreading to the specified loose lift thickness.

disking or harrowing, if necessary, until the moisture content is within the

3.4 Compaction Density Requirements

Table 4-1: Compaction Density Requirements

Location Minimum Compaction Moisture Content

Compacted Embankment, 95% of Standard Proctor Within -1 to +3

Dozer Compacted Fill 95% of Standard Proctor Within -3 to +3

Blanket and 40 % (± 5%) of maximum As required to

Spillway Decant Tower Pad 98% of Modified Proctor Within -1 to +1

3.5 Laboratory and Field Testing Requirements

Table 4-2: Laboratory and Field Testing Requirements

Location Test Type ASTM Test CQA Frequency

Compacted Moisture Content D 2216 Every 10,000 CY placed, and 1 per

Nuclear Field Density D 6938 Every 1,000 CY placed or 1 per lift

Nuclear Field Density D6938 Every 2,000 CY placed

Relative Density D 4253 / D 4254 Every 20,000 CY placed

3.6 Placement Requirements

3.7 Disposal of Materials

*** END OF SECTION ***

1.2 Applicable Publications (not used)

1.6 Responsibilities: (not used)

2.2 Dewatering Equipment

2.3 Monitoring Equipment

2.4 Dewatering and Monitoring Wells

3.3 Field Quality Control

of 3 feet below the working surface.

* END OF SECTION *

* END OF SECTION *

* END OF SECTION *

* END OF SECTION *

* END OF SECTION *

* END OF SECTION *

* END OF SECTION *