Kalam Golden Pages (KGP)

KGP_09 (History)
INDEX
S. No. Topic

1 Personalities - Other Contributions

2 Peasant Movement
3 Tribal Movement
4 Post-Independence

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 Personalities - Other Contributions

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

LALA LAJPAT RAI 1. He was deported to Burma

without trial in 1907 but
returned after a few months
because of lack of evidence.
2. He founded Hindu Relief
movement in 1897 to provide
help to the famine -stricken
people and thus preventing
them falling into the clutches of
the missionaries.
3. He founded the Servants of
People Society in 1921.
4. He co-founded the Punjab
National Bank in 1894.

Young India
LALA LAJPAT RAI
England’s Debt to India
• He was also called ‘Punjab Kesari’ and 'Lion of Punjab'.
• Was influenced by Swami Dayananda Saraswati and joined the Evolution of Japan,
Arya Samaj in Lahore. India’s Will to
• He believed that the ideals in Hinduism combined with Freedom,
nationalism will lead to the establishment of a secular state.
CONTRIBUTIONS

•
HIS LITERARY

He was also involved with the Hindu Mahasabha. Message of the

• He fought against untouchability. Bhagavad Gita,
• He founded the Home Rule League of America in 1917 in New
York. In the USA, he worked to get moral support for the Indian Political Future of
independence movement from the international community. India,
• He was also elected President of the All-India Trade Union
Congress. Problem of National
• He was elected deputy leader of the Central Legislative Assembly Education in India
in 1926.
The Depressed Glasses,
• He was the editor of the Arya Gazette, which he had founded.
• He moved a resolution in the assembly refusing cooperation with
the Simon Commission the travelogue ‘United
States of America

Current Co-relation DIY WORKBOOK

1. Lala Lajpat Rai’s birth anniversary is celebrated on 28th of January 1. Which acts was used to
every year. deport political leader to
2. PNB celebrates the 156th Birth Anniversary of its Founding jail without trial

2
 2. Who are other
personalities associated
with AITUC
3. READ ABOUT SERVANTS
OF INDIA SOCIETY?

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

DAYANAND SARASWATI
• He was earlier named Mool Shankar Tiwari as he was born during The meaning of
Mool Nakshatra. Satyarth Prakash is-
• He was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya The Light of Meaning
Samaj. of the Truth. The book
• His vision of India included a classless and casteless society, a Satyarth Prakash was

Satyartha Prakash
united India (religiously, socially and nationally). subsequently revised
• He took inspiration from the Vedas and considered them to be by Swami Dayanand
‘India’s Rock of Ages’, the infallible and the true original seed of Saraswathy in
Hinduism. He gave the slogan “Back to the Vedas”. 1882.The major
• He subscribed to the Vedic notion of chaturvarna system. portion of the book is
• The DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) schools came into existence in related to his reformist
1886 to realise the vision of Swami Dayanand Saraswati. views and the last three
chapters making a case
for comparative study
ARYA SAMAJ of different religious
faiths.
• The Samaj opposes worship of murtis (images), animal sacrifice,
shraddha (rituals on behalf of ancestors), basing caste upon
Veda Bhasya

birth rather than upon merit, untouchability, child marriage,

Bhumika

pilgrimages, priestly craft, and temple offerings. An introduction to his

• It upholds the infallibility of the Vedas, the doctrines of karma Vedic commentary
(the accumulated effect of past deeds) and samsara (the process
of death and rebirth), the sanctity of the cow, the importance of
the samskaras (individual sacraments), the efficacy of Vedic
oblations to the fire, and programs of social reform. a Vedic commentary in
Bhashya

• It has worked to further female education and intercaste Sanskrit on the

Veda

marriage, has built missions, orphanages, and homes for widows, Yajurveda and the
has established a network of schools and colleges, and has major part of the Rig-
undertaken famine relief and medical work. Veda.

1. The first Arya Samaj unit

was formally set up by him
at Mumbai (then Bombay)
in 1875 and later the

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 headquarters of the Samaj
were established at Lahore.
2. He was the first to give the
call for Swaraj as "India for
Indians" in 1876, a call later
taken up by Lokmanya
Tilak.

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Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati Jayanti is celebrated every year to mark the 1. READ ABOUT SIMILAR
birth anniversary SOUNDING PAPERS LIKE
This year, the day will be celebrated on 19th February. SHOME PRAKASH , SATYA
• As per the traditional Hindu calendar, Dayanand Saraswati was born PRAKASH
on the Dashami Tithi of Phalguna Krishna Paksha. 2. WHO ARE OTHER
PERSONALITIES LINKED
3. WHY AND HOW DID THE
DAV GROUP SPLIT ??

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 Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

MAHADEV GOVIND RANADE 1. In 1897, he was appointed as a

member of a committee that
1. Mahadev Govind Ranade was born in 1842 at Nashik district was entrusted with tallying
Maharashtra. national and local expenditure
2. He passed his law degree and then was appointed as a judge and along with necessary
then became a judge at Bombay HC.
recommendations to stabilize
3. He advocated against child marriages, ill-treatment of widows, and
the financial condition.
promoted education for women and widow remarriage. 2. For his contribution to the
4. He fought against the caste system.
committee, he was awarded
5. He was also a supporter of small-scale indigenous industry for the the decoration of the
development of a stable economy.
‘Companion of the Order of the
6. He was one of the founding members of the Congress Party. He Indian Empire’ (CIE) by the
believed in complete constitutional means to achieve the various British government.
goals of the reformers and activists.
7. He encouraged English works to be translated into the vernacular
and also tried to introduce regional languages as part of the
university curriculum.
8. He was instrumental in establishing and promoting the Prarthana
Samaj, the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and the Vaktruttvottejak Sabha.

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The 160-year-old Bombay High Court stands tall in the nationalist movement 1. READ ABOUT OTHER
with its strong association with prominent freedom fighters - Mahatma PERSONALITIES IN NEWS
Gandhi, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Lokmanya Tilak, Sardar Vallabhbhai 2. WHAT WERE
Patel, Vitthalbhai Patel, Bhulabhai Desai, K M Munshi, Justice M G Ranade, ORGANISATIONS RANADE
Justice Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta among many others. WAS PART OF?

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 3. WHAT WERE HIS
ECONOMIC VIEWS?
4. OTHER FOUNDING
MEMBERS OF THE
PRARTHANA SAMAJ, THE
POONA SARVAJANIK
SABHA

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

RABINDRA NATH TAGORE 1. He was a good friend of

Mahatma Gandhi and is
• He was also referred to as ‘Gurudev’, ‘Kabiguru’, and said to have given him the
‘Biswakabi’. title of Mahatma.
• He was an exceptional literary figure and a renowned polymath 2. In 1913 he was awarded
who singlehandedly reshaped the region's literature and music. the Nobel Prize in
• He had spoken at the World Parliament for Religions in the years Literature for his work on
1929 and 1937. Gitanjali.
• He is said to have composed over 2000 songs and his songs and 3. He was the first non-
music are called ‘Rabindra Sangeet’ with its own distinct lyrical European to receive the
and fluid style. Nobel Prize.
• He is responsible for modernising Bengali prose and poetry.
o His notable works include Gitanjali, Ghare-Baire, Gora,
Manasi, Balaka, Sonar Tori.
o He is also remembered for his song ‘Ekla Chalo Re’.
• He published his first poems aged 16 under the pen-name
‘Bhanusimha’.
• Besides all his literary achievements he was also a philosopher
and educationist who in 1921 established the Vishwa-Bharati
University, a university that challenged conventional education
• In 1915 he was awarded knighthood by the British King George
V. In 1919, following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he
renounced his Knighthood.
• He denounced British imperialism, yet he did not fully support
or agree with Gandhi and his Non-Cooperation Movement.

What freedom meant for Tagore?

“Freedom” does not simply mean political freedom from the British; True
freedom means the ability to be truthful and honest with oneself otherwise
autonomy loses all of its worth

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 Current Co-relation DIY WORKBOOK

1. Who’s the Chancellor of

The Prime Minister on 9th May, 2022 paid tribute to Gurudev Rabindranath Vishwa Bharti University?
Tagore on his birth anniversary. 2. Who is the Chancellor of
Central and State
Universities?
3. Tagore award.
4. Essence in Tagore’s
paintings.
5. Who were other
personalities who received
titles of KNIGHTHOOD and
who denounced it?

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 PEASANT MOVEMENTS

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

NAME YEAR AREA SPECIFICATION

• Mir Nithar Ali/ titu Mir's

Movement
Narkelberia 1782- Bengal • Armed Peasants (1st)
1831 • against landlords and British
Indigo Planters
• Merged into Wahabi
• social reform

• Semi religious group- Hajong

and Garo tribes
Pagal Panthis 1825- Bengal • By Karam Shah
35 • Tribal peasant organised under
his son Tipu
• Attacked Zamindars (no rent
above limit)

• Followers of Haji Shariatullah

(muslim sect)
Faraizi East Bengal o Faridpur
Movement o Radical religious and
Political changes
• Son of Dadu Mian
• Fought against british as
paramilitary force

Moplah 1836- Malabar • Against oppression of officials

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2nd Moplah 1920s Malabar • Joined congress Khilafat (NCM)

[ detailed covered in previous
handout]

INDIGO 1860 BENGAL • Digambar and Bishnu

Bishwas
• against planters and
Lathiyals

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 • Counter force and rent
strike
• legal machinery use
• Govt favoured- Indigo
Commission.

PABNA 1870- EASTERN • against heavy rents

80 BENGAL • use of legal machinery
• very little violence
• 1885- Bengal tenancy
Act

DECCAN RIOT 1870S MAHARASHTRA • Heavy Taxation on Ryots

, TELANGANA , • against moneylenders
KARNATAKA (social boycott
movement)
• effect of End of
American Civil war
(cotton prices
• govt repressed
• Deccan Agriculturists
Relief Act- 1879

TANA BHAGAT 1914 JHARKHAND • by Jatra Oraon (Tribal

leader)
• opposition to the
economic policies,
outsiders
• non violent- based on
Gandhi's ideologies

Rampa 1922 ANDHRA • Alluri Sitarama Raju-

Rebellion PRADESH Andhra Folk Hero.
Aka Manyam Modern India- Book.
Rebellion Killed 1924
• Tribal Uprising. Attack on
Police, Success= Guerrilla

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Nagara rebellion’: A forgotten peasants’ movement against harsh taxation 1. NAGARA

REBELLION?? IT'S IN
The revolt by Budi Basveppa and his associates against British and native rulers NEWS
supported by them is a chapter in Karnataka’s history 2. READ ABOUT EKA
MOVEMENT BY
MADARI PASI

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 3. BIJOLIA MOVEMENT -
[ it continued for 50
years]

TRIBAL MOVEMENTS
Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

Famines- enhanced land revenue

Chuar demand and economic distress-
1766- Bengal Midnapore
1772 Zamindar Jagannath Singh
1795- Durjan/Durjol SIngh
1816 Chuar- derogatory word
Revolt of Jungle Mahal

Koya 1803- eastern godavari track- police,

1862; against money-lenders and denial of
1880 modern AP forest rights. 1886- Raja Anantayyar

against company- famine, economic

distress and misgovernance
Bhil 1817- Western Revolted again- 1825, 1831, 1846.
1819 Ghats Govind guru (Reformer)
Helped bhils of Rajasthan to fight for
Bhil Raj- 1913

Chittur Singh, Umaji Naik and Bapu

Sawant (1825-26)
Ramosi 1822 Western against police annexation and
Ghats Administration
Related to Marathas

Koli 1829, Western Unemployment and dismantle of

1835, Ghats forts
1844-48

Kol 1831 Chhotanagpur Against outsiders and British

Mutiny Buddho Bahgat

Khond 1837- Odisha-AP Chakra Bishnoi- 1914- Another

1856 uprising

Santhal Rajmahal Agriculturists against Zamindars,

rebellion Hills later Anti-British-
Sidhu and Kanhu

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 Ho and 1899- Chhotanagpur both different tribes, farming
Munda 1900 revenue policy, entry of Bengalis
Mundas under Birsa Munda
1st religious then Political
Ulgulan Uprising- 1860-1920

NORTH EAST MOVEMENTS

Kukis Manipur and Manipur- 1917. Tripura- Parikshit

tripura Jamatia (1863), Reangs (1942), Bharti
Singh (1920s)

Zeliangrong 1920s Manipur Liangmei and Rongmei tribes

Naga 1905- Manipur Jadonang

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Heraka Cult 1930s Manipur Gaidinliu, Tamenglong, Kabui Naga

Association- 1946

Khasi 1830s Jaintia and Tirath Singh against occupation of

Garo hills Hilly regions

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Addressing the nation after being sworn-in, President Murmu spoke about her
REFERENCE MADE BY
journey. She also invoked four tribal revolutions that she said had strengthened
PRESIDENT - READ IN BRIEF
tribal contribution to the freedom struggle.
1. SANTHAL REVOLT
2. PAIKA REVOLT
3. KOL REVOLT
4. BHIL REVOLT

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 POST INDEPENDENCE AND RELATED CONCEPTS

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

LAND REFORMS.
1. The Kumarappa
• Land Reforms usually refers to redistribution of Land from rich to Committee's report
poor. recommended
• Land reforms include Regulation of Ownership, Operation, Leasing, comprehensive agrarian
sale and Inheritance of Land. reform measures.
2. The relationship
• Abolition of intermediaries like zamindars, jagirdars, etc. between land reforms,
• Tenancy reforms involving providing security of tenure to the agriculture productivity
First- Phase

tenants, decrease in rents and conferment of ownership rights and elimination of

to tenants poverty
• Ceilings on size of landholdings.
• Cooperativization and community development
programmes.

digitisation of land records:

• Making land records available to all, to contain/check
Second-Phase

property frauds, became one of the objectives of the

government of India in the late 1980s.
• To address the same, the Digital India Land Records
Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) was launched by the
government of India in August 2008

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 Current Co-relation DIY WORKBOOK

LAND REFORMS IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR- 1. BHOODAN AND

• Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 or RERA to GRAMDAN MOVEMENT?
regulate the real estate sector. 2. ISSUES WITH LAND
• ‘Aapki Zameen Aap Ki Nigrani’ under the Digital India Land Records REFORMS
Modernization Programme (DILRMP) 3. WHAT ARE
TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES IN LAND
REFORMS
4. Bhu Adhikar Abhiyan – A
Case Study of Ekta
Parishad in Madhya
Pradesh
5. Read about Digital India
Land Record
Modernisation
Programme

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

STATE REORGANISATION 1. The word ‘states’ was borrowed

from the American federal
• In 1951, India had 27 states divided into four parts: Part A, Part B, system).
Part C, and Part D.
SEVEN INTER STATE DISPUTES

1. KARNATAKA-
MAHARASHTRA -
BELGAUM
2. ASSAM-MIZORAM-
LUSHAI AREA
3. HARYANA-HIMACHAL
• In 1953 the Andhra agitation burst out resulting in the fast death of PRADESH: PARWANOO
a Gandhian leader, Potti Sriramalu. The state of Andhra was created 4. HIMACHAL PRADESH-
in the same year. LADAKH: SARCHU
• States Reorganisation Commission (SRC): This was followed by the 5. ARUNACHAL PRADESH-
appointment of a States Reorganisation Commission in 1955. ASSAM: FOREST TRACTS
• Although linguistic state was earlier opposed by the Dhar 6. MEGHALAYA-ASSAM:
commission 1948 and then J.V.P. committee, 1949. The Dhar KARBI ANGLONG
commission had concluded that the unity of newly independent 7. MEGHALAYA-ASSAM:
India would be jeopardised if the political map of India were drawn BORDER DELINEATION
along linguistic line.
• JVP committee observed that administrative, financial, and
economic problems might be overshadowed by the linguistic issue.

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 • Fazl Ali commission advocated state reorganisation action on the
basis of cultural landscape especially the language.

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Karnataka has cited Article 3 of the Constitution to argue that the Supreme 1. Difference between State and
Court does not have the jurisdiction to decide the borders of states, and Union Territory
only Parliament has the power to do so.
DELIMITATION COMMISSION

The Union government in a written reply in the Lok Sabha said that there

were seven inter-state border disputes in the country

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

FLAG CODE OF INDIA

Do you know about the Flag Code of India? KNOW ABOUT FLAG
The first national flag, which
• It allowed the unrestricted display of the Tricolour as long as the consisted of three horizontal
honour and dignity of the flag were being respected. stripes of red, yellow and green, is
• It is divided into three parts - said to have been hoisted on 7th
o General description of the tricolour. August, 1906, at the Parsee Bagan
o Rules on display of the flag by public and private bodies and Square, near Lower Circular Road,
educational institutions. in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
o Rules for display of the flag by governments and
government bodies. 1907 — this was the first Indian
• It mentions that the tricolour cannot be used for commercial flag to be hoisted in a foreign
purposes and cannot be dipped in salute to any person or thing. land.

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• Moreover, the flag should not be used as a festoon, or for any kind
1917: Dr Annie Besant and
of decoration purposes.
Lokmanya Tilak adopted a new
flag as part of the Home Rule
• For official display, only flags that conform to the specifications as
Movement.
laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards and bearing their mark
can be used. 1921, freedom fighter Pingali
Venkayya met Mahatma Gandhi
and proposed a basic design of
the flag, consisting of two red and
green bands

the Tricolour was adopted as our

national flag at a Congress
Committee meeting in Karachi in
1931.

The Indian flag was adopted in its

present form during a meeting of
the Constituent Assembly held on
22nd July 1947

FLAG
• Saffron on top symbolises “strength and courage”, white in the
middle represents “peace and truth” and green at the bottom
stands for “fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land”.
• The Ashok Chakra with 24 spokes replaced the spinning wheel
as the emblem on the flag. It is intended “to show that there is
life in movement and death in stagnation”.
• The National Flag should be rectangular in shape with a length
to width ratio of 3:2.

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 Current Co-relation DIY WORKBOOK

Recently, the Government of India has announced that the national flag can 1. The Emblems and Names
now remain hoisted through the night, if it is in the open and hoisted by a (Prevention of Improper Use)
member of the public. Act, 1950
• As government launched a Har Ghar Tiranga campaign, the Ministry 2. The Prevention of Insults to
of Home Affairs amended the Flag Code of India 2002 to allow for National Honour Act, 1971
the national flag to be flown even at night.

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 Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

SINO-INDIAN WAR (1962 WAR WITH CHINA)

• The Himalayan border dispute was the chief pretext of
the war. China claimed the Aksai Chin area in Ladakh,
Kashmir and the Tawang area in Arunachal Pradesh as its
own (Aksai Chin as part of its Xinjiang and Tawang as part
of Tibet).
• In 1954, China and India agreed to the ‘Five Principles of
Peaceful Coexistence’ under which India acknowledged
the Chinese rule in Tibet.
• It was during this time that India’s former Prime
Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the slogan “Hindi-Chini
Bhai Bhai”. Difference between LoC with Pakistan and
LAC with China:
Aksai Chin o The Line of Control (LoC) is
• Location & significance: delineated on a map signed by
o The conflict between India and China, centred DGMOs of both armies and has the
primarily on the disputed Aksai Chin region along international sanctity of a legal
those countries’ borders. agreement.
o Geographically, Aksai Chin is a southwestward
extension of the Plateau of Tibet. o In contrast, The LAC is only a
o Aksai Chin in particular had been a long-ignored concept, it is not agreed upon by the
corner of the subcontinent because of its two countries, neither delineated on
remoteness and isolation. a map or demarcated on the ground
• After a number of border skirmishes between 1959 and
1962, which began initially as a by-product of the
uprising in Tibet, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) of
China forcefully attacked across the disputed boundaries
on October 20, 1962.
• The several agreements between the countries since
then — on ‘Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity’
(1993), military CBMs (1996), ‘Political Parameters and
Guiding Principles’ for the settlement of boundary
question (2005), and border defence cooperation (2012)

17
 Current Co-relation DIY WORKBOOK

McMahon Line
The boundary dispute that led to the 1962 war with China
remains unresolved. 1. Line Of Actual Control (LAC)
Recently, India and China troops clashed along the Yangtze river 2. MAP OUT
in Tawang sector in Arunachal Pradesh. 1. Pangong Tso lake,
• This was the first such incident involving the Indian 2. Demchok and
soldiers and Chinese PLA troops since the Galwan Valley 3. the Galwan Valley.
incident in 2020.

Concept Prelims Marks Maximizer

IND0-PAKISTAN WAR 1. 93,000 Pakistani troops returned as

part of the Shimla Agreement of
Timeline of India-Pakistan War 1971: 1972.
• Political Imbalance: In the 1950s the centralised Pakistani state 2. The Indian Navy's Western Naval
was run undemocratically by a military-bureaucratic oligarchy Command successfully conducted a
dominated by West Pakistan. surprise attack on Karachi port
• Landslide Victory of Awami League: East Pakistan' Sheikh Mujibur under the codename Trident on the
Rahman’s Awami League had a clear overall majority, enough to night of December 4-5.
become the prime minister.
o However, west Pakistan was not willing to let a leader
from its eastern provincial wing rule the country.
• Cultural Differences: The then West Pakistan (present Pakistan),
started a brutal assault on the people of East Pakistan (present
Bangladesh) who were demanding freedom because of the
language and cultural differences
• Operation Searchlight: West Pakistan kicked in operation
searchlight across the whole of East Pakistan on March 26, 1971
• Indo-Bangla Cooperation: With the subsequent bravery of the
Indian Army coupled with the spirited fight put up by Mukti Bahini
— the Bangladeshi guerilla resistance movement — defeated the
Pakistani forces.
• Defeat of Pakistani Military: On December 16, 1971, Lt Gen Amir
Abdullah Khan Niazi, the Chief Martial Law Administrator of East
Pakistan and Commander of Pakistan Army forces located in East
Pakistan signed the Instrument of Surrender.

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Recently, National Cadet Corps (NCC) has announced to conduct ‘Azadi ki

Vijay Shrankhla aur Sanskritiyon ka Mahasangam’ event as part of Azadi 1. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s and
ka Amrit Mahotsav (75th Anniversary of India’s Independence). his contributions
2. Indus water treaty
3. Six-point movement, 1966
4. Indo-Pak War (1965 )

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• Under Azadi ki Vijay Shrankhla' program, the bravehearts of the 5. Kargil War 1999
Indo-Pakistan 1971 War are being honoured at 75 locations
throughout the country.

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