Solution

REFLECTION OF LIGHT

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. (a) Either plane or convex
Explanation:
The mirror may be a plane mirror or a convex mirror. A plane mirror always forms an erect image. A convex mirror always
forms an erect, and a virtual and diminished image, for any position of the object.
2.
(b) always
Explanation: always
3.
(c) 1

v
+
1

u
=
1

Explanation: 1

v
+
1

u
=
1

4.
(b) (A), (B) and (C)
Explanation: (A), (B) and (C)

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5.
(d) C
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Explanation: The best result will be obtained by the student C because of the following reasons:
i. The distant object is clearly visible.
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ii. The image formed on the screen is well defined and sharp.
iii. Student C kept the measuring scale parallel to the ground that helps in accurate measuring of the focal length (distance) of a
concave mirror.
In the case of students A, B, and D, a blurred image is formed which gives the incorrect measurement of the focal length
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(distance) of a concave mirror.

6. (a) Decreased after each reflection

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Explanation: After each reflection, some part of light get absorbed by the mirror while most of the part is reflected. Thus,
multiple reflections decreases the intensity of the image so only a few images are visible.
7.
(c) on the same wall as the window.
Explanation: The experiment may be performed on the same wall as the window to obtain a sharp image since a concave
mirror mostly forms images on the same side as that of the object. The object and the image are on the same side of the
concave mirror, except when the object is placed between the pole and the focus.
8.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
9.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Convex mirrors are not used for rear view on vehicles. We use only concave mirrors for rear view. They will
always give erect and diminished image of the object. They provide a wider field for clear view. For this reason, the convex
mirrors are fitted on both sides of the vehicles. Therefore, the given assertion is true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
Section B

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10. u = -60 cm, f = + 20 cm (convex mirror)

By mirror formula we know :

1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1 1 1
= − = −
v f u 20 (−60)

3+1 4
= =
60 60

v = 15 cm
∴ PB' = 15 cm
For the images in the two mirrors coincide ,let the plane mirror be placed at point M.
As, BM = MB' = MP + PB'
= x + 15...........................(i)
BM = BB = (60 + 15) = 37.5 ......(ii)
1

2
′ 1

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ x + 15 = 37.5

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⇒ x = 37.5 - 15

= 22.5 cm
11. The image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed at infinity is as follows:
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12. Yes, when parallel light is incident on a concave mirror, reflected light converge to its focus. Concave mirror also called as
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converging mirror.
Section C
13. i. Concave Mirror
ii. It is given, object distance u = -20m, distance v= 80m
Magnification is given as M = -v/u
M = -v/u = -(-80m/-20) = 4
iii. Distance between object and image v-u = -80m-(-20m)=60m
14. When an object is placed between Focus and Pole of concave mirror, the image formed is virtual, magnified, erect and behind the
mirror.when an object is placed between Curvature and Focus of concave mirror, the image formed is real, magnified, inverted at
the same side of mirror.
Section D
15. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its reflecting surface towards the sun. Direct the light reflected by the mirror on to a
white card-board held close to the mirror. Move the card-board back and forth gradually until you find a bright, sharp spot of light
on the board. This spot of light is the image of the sun on the sheet of paper; which is also termed as Principal Focus of the

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 concave mirror.

(i) Torches, search light, vehicles head lights, shaving mirrors, dentist's mirror, Solar furnaces.
(ii) f = 15 cm
R=2f
R = 2 × 15 cm = 30 cm
(iii)

(iv) i. h = +10 cm
u = -100 cm
v = -100 cm

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1 1 1
+ =
v u f

100
1
- 100
1
= 1

−2

100

f = -50 cm
= 1

f
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−v −(−100)
ii. m = u
= 100
= -1
Section E
16. a. A concave mirror of focal length f = 10 cm can produce a magnified real image if an object is placed between F and C (i.e.,
when 20 cm > u > 10 cm) as shown in Fig. (a). However, the same mirror may form a magnified virtual image when object is
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placed between P and F (i.e., u < 10 cm) as shown in Fig. (b).

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b. Here focal length of convex mirror f= + 10 cm, distance of the object from the pole u = -10 cm
As per formula,
1

v
+ =
1

u
, wehave1

1 1 1 1 1
= − = −
v f u +10 −10

1 1 1
= + =
10 10 5

⇒ v = +5 cm
Thus, image is formed behind the mirror at 5 cm from the pole of mirror.

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