for all types of nndcat materials from written material to past paperssary Chemis isan xpersental (mean physi sn tt phycal and chica properties ‘Stnhlometex: {pronounced x “ny-Aeyomet is a branch of quantitative chemistry which in any physi or cheical fred oa chime 5) Grek word sith deals fnterconverson of hemical composition an reaction are (Mat ‘Moesule ‘he smalls price of matter ‘The smalls porcle of mutter which mst exis independently | sick mayor may ot exist Tndepenenay and which can ake | in tre. pars in chemical reaction | omits ong, alan Wis soa atoms. ondsexcep mo sa). Ie may comical atoms or isfergteleent. NaH He, Br, = ___| Hem 1450. KEY POINTS AND SHORT CUTS Ideas i rans elements and met vith the calculations 1 processes. Tham {ENPES OF RELATIVE MASSES PYLON in te composition of ater ry cans measurement ‘volved during the spn quantaiveeatculaions oF al sa} st particle of mati ‘he salle srhich must consists of {0 iferent or more than £60 cements ‘Bonds in compounds may be ionic or covalent, He may or may not exist independent in nature. NaC NiO H, H.0 80. Relative atomic mass Iris the mass of one atom of an tlemesit compared with 1/126 the ‘nase atom of atton=I2 | ‘ye unit of alomic mass, molecular m Daca sequal 1/12" the mass of (Hota Atomic mass isthe mass of one atom ofan‘Atomic mass of one Chis Se jotopenss fy darhaleopu ICA CHAPTERS ™ cot Formos for nomierafparticcs aregiven bellow oe} ~——Nambe f prices ortonds =n Nx Na be of mk, ‘Nenumber of atoms, malecls, ns, eleetons, protons, eons, hon ee pe i Na=Avogato's number Example. Toa Numer of atoms in Sole water a Solution; here Nis Sand i S50 Number fata = 335 «Naw 1SNa 2156.02 «109.310 | Mole concept “Siichiomctrierlatonships male of any sabsunce fave Tn oihiomety we sy the folowing weatonhis 1 623 1 identical particles |. Mole Mole conversion singe step 2 Equal to molar muss of substance, X22. of any gos at STP 4&2 ies fay gas at RTP Mole ~ Mas conversion; 0 tps Mass ~ Mas onsesion thre tps Mole number of prices Mole - Volume coerso: fr gases Mass - Volume conver foe gases Volume Vole conversion for ges 10. Masmass conversion; if mass of acts are ven ah mas produto be calculated the folowing schemes flloned 1, Percentage composition; ‘eens composion oa compound Percentage composition ofthe compound i the mass of each clement in 100 gas compound = ore of ag ofall clemeria = TOD ‘iting reagent or reactant; The substance that i "eager bec determines or ints the amount of fale as exces reagent, & stemial reaction which inated by tesa. cen ‘methane af 28h + 0; > 20 Chae 0 oes‘Balanced reaction says that 2 moles OF He requires Tm thus I mole of O: wil lft uncreative, Sohere H is limiting and On is exces shortcut for liming reagents Divide the given moles or volume of each reactant from data by its coefiient inthe balanced chemica reaction. The one having smaller answer wil be the limiting regent. If both have SAME ADSWEr Bath yi uy, No.of moles or volume from data provided ‘oefiient from balanced chemical reaction Fxample(PTEA 2018) em of ethane when reacts with 10S en of oxygen to proniuce CO> Cesyaton 3400, +7810 ‘= reactant which has smaller answer wil bellimiing end of reaction, 8) Gl lettunreacted —__(b) 0, left unreacted 1) Bothieftunreacied (4) Alloy consumed ANSWER(@D) some of ethane Cle entrees “3 both have sme Values oily consumed Snow fororygen On eae 13. Actua and theoretical il, isthe amount of pracy, produced ster the completion of reaction. Tuwesofield: Gy Actl yield i) Theoretical yield (9 Aca is te amcor of pure proc actly bined dig in experinent i called experiment viel (Gi) Theretiga ve: {isthe amount of product, Aca yield is ess han thee i The reasons a 1 side eaton Parle eaton| leultelonthe basis of balanced chemical equation iy it) mechanical loss of product i) conton may not fufled kag yl is abo 90 reactions considered as exellent % ied shows the aah ficiency of reaction ‘wage yeld= Astle see Yield = seer yn * 100phcray prte —p lo oly PRecihe 4 Beto. iO >On x hoe “aes Sabebrn? $2 582 sees qe SS Wag 22-Yben? = Drafter > S* brmek (234 ra) tig = NA 42g= 24Na > trys ' NU Anges Doucet m 28g = 8Na 7 28 O Amott 4 abr = fa eller? = 0-224 mete lds 094M 2 239 x 157 22 ns ooelx los = 00 si oa . = o-01 od mole fraction 2K 0-01 OE ass 2 xpe = Bor By 4 HS, a A= 22UTo OL Sg At 4 air 9-224 mele > HSM 2H Sypsn SMTSaUeATE Soke of propane C oles of wae? a ee ir : 7 ss a0. 0 ‘fe ss reg Pisanlecnsining aluminum weighing 10.02 Jee 2 fauna sulpie. Whats tbe rcv flim (omic mas = 27.0 Cegiisdsa omens 329) 222100 (em wos ww 3 ates iaagaes Eo 30s PS NT 02 me, : sta 02H ac No.of Sturils wee te mater ate me sang noel -2a6 022 1 Lae r ot! 6 Tolune oscuped by san (a) toda ANSWER: (b) INT? volun occupied by 22g of Ovat STP = 22.4 thin seve of 32g 0f Oat STP=2.25 da Fi is equal wo 1.66110 g, then 1 wil be cal: (@)6022% 102m {hy 022 » 10am (6022 102% (G) 6022 x 10 am ANSWER: (a) HINT: 1661310 =1 ama So Ig= anu 66x 0 rat 9 x= 6.02210 77 Dimoe i the anoont of substance which contains Asin elementary entities as contd in (OF7 ky of. @) 12 ke of Cao fe) 0012 Kg of atom (112 kg of aS (a) 16g of Cs me oun (szeoto. (SaseotNs ofiert ansitica) mnt,‘Stoichiomerty 7 How many molecules represen 0.20 8 of are gas? (a) 2% 6.02410 ciyaadcors (oy 02010" oe 6arxi0” aswit@ TINT: No. of pasties = x NA Pe 02 108 Number of molecules of Hs TL Choose the cores relaton about the percentage Yield is equal w: eT one one ascii 7a (orm Crease Ea SED Pe cine woo ee pea he een ee ese perm amperes Se 100 pepsi Stem cs a ah .023 10 oe ee IiNts ee ie HAPr, Lg ere ‘of 20 = 1. The number ofa (9y6023 x 102 atoms (py 6023 x 102 atoms fey 1806 x 102 atoms () 3052 x 10% atoms ANSWER: (0, ANT: [ag of H:O=Lmole of H:0 =3Ns of som 13x 6.022 x 108 = 1.806% 10% a 16. How any grams of Fe a lumina completely Tetts with oy See 30, = 2Ale0s, molar mass of Al =) il @)2552 (27ste (3427 (sats ANSWER: () Tre Oxygen is prepared by the thermal decomposito \BF KCIO, as: 2KCIO; + 2KCI+ 302. How mar roles of KC1O} ae roquied 1 prepare 6 moes< (@ 317 mol ()40m01 (9 S0Pmol (2 mol ANSWER: () INT: Mole raio O:: KCIQ is 32,60 6:4 'Massof I molecule of oxygen is (32g pace 169 ” (3210023 102% (3260254 10% ANSWER: (0) INT: 6022x 103 molecule = 323 1 fs| ce at (aac a Seco M o Bia yinder"As contain 4.64 of CHOH and ‘sine Bas 30g of Cll (Bath cplider A'andB have equa number of plcules (@) Clinger A has peaer number of molecules than yin B {© Bath ylides have equal number of hydrogen (Oech A ana, ANSWER: (a) HINT: As bat have egal mmber of moles thi they onbin equal molecules and number of hydrogen (Albers have les than dN atoms 2S. Consider the following easton involved in the manufacture of ures: COs + 2NHy NILCOONH« If 220 g of CDs teats with 342 of ‘ammonia to form ansmonium carbamate, the ‘esction fs taken as irreversible and 80 to ‘swiletion, enti the limiting reagent sn the nount of carbamate farmed: (CO, 7 CNH. 78 (90.39, 205 @ HINT: 4460, eC x= EEL yp NHLCOONTL NH ves = 78g NH.COONH. This \COsnatimiting Agca.39p of NH¢COONHa COn sa i roduc nN HAPTER Mead Fonts Sune’ tesoencoe 78 ft Stance Nt Sagi) of FeSO.THO Ras 1 moe Semper of © on ANSWER eee Sot combustion oC em? retinue conto? sem by ew 238m hiseW" axswiit to MINTECti cm 16 02410 = 6.622410" 20; 9.60142 Oem + 30; 9 20024210 Tem)" 3em Som’ 15cm ‘Toul value of Ox required = 10 +15 = 25cm 26. A solution contains moles sucrose In 6 moles of ‘water, What are amber of moles? (025 wos fos (30 ANSWER: (a) HINT: 58.5 moles of 1:0 =? moles of sucrose Gino of O=x > x=22.0.25 moles 27. Which of the following sample contain maxim2B. DDT isused as setcides ts moar mass i 354.5 ‘mol when DAT was analy by chemist be Found that conisned 474% carbon, How many ‘aoe atoms ar there DDT lel? iat Wie wis prs ANSWER: (0) Sacre of DDT: at page 3672 year chemi. AEN [M0 The largest umber of molecules are resent nh: G@)RgetCo; 1h) Gig of (6) Heot Ns (903 of H:80, INT: 64g of O:=2 moles hence will cata IN molecules which ie mayo. of molecules, ANSWER: 31_-A sample containing copper weighing 1008 yeh 203 of copper suphige, What i the peso comet Cte ole one eco © Fase 0 eset 232, One molecule of oxygen is sme massas, {@) rots of He {b) L6moes of pare (6) 2imleules of etme {@) one gram stom of ANSWERIC) Bath are cual 1 3230 ‘38 3m of eae when sacs wih 1OSenr ‘xygen to paduce CO; 3 2G. 70: 94C0, + 71.0 ‘Athe ead of action, 4) Cail left umeaced > Osetra ©) Bathe unescted Alli conan 1s, CHana aken quan Crea Och 1s MOIhIORIEHE os ken Le res Time oF COsproduced bY eatinet Teor at ron! temperate and presi @) [ada (ey 12dn" (i) 28m" ANSWER) sagen is wrong bat has a effect on ans, sass of 1:00 is 740 Je The numberof gram atoms in 3g of Hratonsisg ite the numberof grams atoms in 48 f @N me fo (a) 0: AnswenC) ‘36, Which one contains maximam numberof atom, (a) Tg0! Me {hy Be ot Na {o) Spo Al (@) All sume ‘ins to get number of moles divide each mass its molar mass Nex Eis grewerhanMg== andl 37. Aminture of 10cm Os and Sen of Hs is spat 6 “Answer (D) Or 42th ames 2140 So 10 cm’ of 02 wil react wiOPI: MOLEAND AVG owas eae ek ma Os (ays rae 8) Namie of Hn pe HO trace Naf moles Na eee Are to 90a RP. Ma of Sos arg (ote (0308 (ote ' _saudoaD) ALRTP 24000 montis tots) Sotan a0 wil contain Drolet) 3 Nelace has 6 damon in. Whats the timer of Cams inthe necklace (a «10? (1200 10 (101810 1@30b 102 Salton) Naber of Cations umber of Ne fpf Catomm= 05x Ny. 3.01% 10" 40 Whats the mass fauna 204 g of alumnus oxide (ALO)? ose tome ose ‘ayy 5 Limitg eapent in this aston i Nol =22NI: GN: AN them 7 Wag nt them have LOlectrons. Ct? R by ma atop Na ‘ono (Omton curren 8 Vitamin has a mec formula Cai, The capaale willbe Solution ):C3 0. M Mass | 30 When Ime of each of fellowing is completely thuntin oxygen, which wll give the largest mass oto." {29 Carbon Mo (Ethane (a) Methane ‘One mole of ethanol and one mote of ethane have an equa GyMass (Cy Number of atoms {e) Naber of electrons (Number of molecules Wow many moles of oxygen are needed for the ‘complete combastion of two moles of Butane (CM? Ws fo10 3 Solution (Dy; 2C.Myo +13 0: > 8CO% + 1OLLO. 12, The relative atomic mass of nitrogen is 14, what is the mas of? moles of nitrogen molecules? (a 265 oxidea Sime at is the volume Wea ary Of 64 g of oxygen gas at RIP? | CHi-CH:ON + 30: > 2COs + 3H:0 al (@) 24d (6) 48 dt © 100d a ee . To which neo he following ection ottiing eget cnt ata (a) Reverse reaction {0 ineversile action (©)Bxothermi action in Essai raion Whats the ane afone mol of aline masa? iat Se ofione mace 748 (©) 1068 @ ine 18, Whet volume of 0.1 mot da ageous siver ritmto(AgNO}) reacts with 20 of 020 nol dm BaC? (a) 10cm" (b) 40m" (6) 20em* (@) 80cm! Solution ) DAgNOs+ BaCl> 2AgCI + BatNOs: MiVi/oy= MeV Ms? Vi=20 n=l MicD1 Vie? m2 Nis aera 85022 sogn1 = eee Ss A is pid coco Nyon te peoal ee vee? sige? oes soem aoe Been m0 i mae ca of ew “cr Te eng 0-20-90 Se ae Hgaoe db He 00107 gor 0016 0 eG pases a eto as tana Bait, ee eis: (a) CHCHO- porn il be Senscon Oenen hemo oan | 21. Relative atomic mas of Boron is? {ay thanC oC (a None - ppt isan insecticide, i const 47.39% cy, ty onan adits moar miss 83545 gol trany carbon atoms ae present ONE mee por? @u (16 ob wis 23, The mass of one mole of electron is: (a) 1.008 me (0)0.55 mg (oyo.s4 me () 1673 mg Soaton) tie = 0.00055e=0.5505 2M, Four grams of hydrogen gas at STP contains: (2)6028 x10 atoms {61204 108 motecues (©) 104 10 toms {12 «10° molecules 25, 246 pof MgSO, XH, on heating gives 6 wate, What the val °°? ws ios 7 {10 Sottion (©) Beg wil gve= 126g wate sg il Se 6g vat Wale ~126 85 Tne of wae 26, What volume in lit sae tomibeconpse tania cigar frheconpe ming o 6a ula? 2 m2 aaa toi26Tio pro astro ane Sa ba of Noo em amity of Ho er {0p of SiO> to form the pratt, sie os int rec wna liming rape a th wa ee — SiOy=60 amu 7 ee O20 ond SE fous sions? ¢ sa. When 32 of Hs eats wih 329 f © theta iat at STPby Jel of eeaetion wil be 1h +%40:—1b0 ( 6g ) Re (ein es Wil © 408 ) 368 of Answer Key Te mp] aA LSA au) nu EAA oe Ss A 2 15133) D sa. i2lnersof gas at STP weighs 15g. The ‘apap eae eee re $05 | isp 2s C careee Site AME IeaE CE ()20gmot! Ret Ae oor eer cis on EeT tamed! Pee tcl ipl TAL ‘3. 1D f Hs and 7 moles of O> to nip eee To ‘prodace H.0. Which one of the reatants x lining etn? The action is +0: = 20 om, ‘ho. ‘ono (Nineeve CHAP Ty, MICQS CHAPTER-1 PART2 9. How many sodium sulphate formula unis (0333mo0l of NasSO.? “ Stoichiomerty ee Mass of one af Caton is ee (a) 2.x 10" formula vnits eos re (a) 6.02 x 10” ‘Solution(B) ;Imole NazSO,=NA formula units (b) 18 x 10% (0.333moleNa,SO.=NA/3formula units=2 x 10° “are 10. If 448 L of an unknown gas at STP has a mass 0 64g the unknown gs @N (pits ay nds et (hpuatmatNtbesNsnDoniss x 10% | (C0: Leatnunterefmlecie uepreenrin got | (DO: xo 11 cco ean of. and was ben ie oxo serene een wing follwing blocs on Seana egntion Xe2¥032 +P 4 Which owe of he flowing tis Hiker ape of |X tio” oY a Ne oP sc (@No (ONO or NiePOs when complecy dminofe fA Wf onreen wil preuce grams of ALLO AALS 30; 28105, eae us (uae on Quasi Fy Cu gt ne toa Ae time 13 St oe ening oy er vm gan hese a (SE coe (ote ort fen Cvbgiecrmaranl | 240: $30: 3 28105 Gat oually consumes an 1 gf Ost 14 Volume of gsi independent on (Ghostly consumes and I mle of Ae ne {GyAltoally conse and 322 0f Ot a Na esas {hut Aland oxyzea ally consume Iran Lf sn nkoown gas STP has m 2g wht si molar mas? (2) 64 gle (@)s2ynot ()32pin04 (7629Far oF tos prod by the | 2 Unig To es ae OF Mg an 49 of on aa which one ofthe following noe an * of th folowing sate ee 2Mg-+0s —+ 2Me0. ea (2) Mis tiiting and 9 prs q (b) Me's timing a 82 pot pen (©) Oxygen Limiting 9g poet a ie of umber of motecules are preser (a) Oxygen is limiting and Sy pra * ‘0 tosses sata) cop sect 0 Mg Oo M, cate, Sele lee ozo pis da bed Be ma atte atten 474 oe Met aes 23, 100g C0, stot wh fT pole HCL Wht oie wate te wept of COD Hert afer he on TRhpetn of eat? ioute ou ene tks of Crier coins SOF | tg oye (ore «ass wuts 050 24, in NaH the percentage of nyse lo Goin in (1600140 ‘ lpot C02 contains grams of carbon. (one tats (4000716 530 25. What are the total number of moles of hydogen wo as present in 03x10" hydrogen molecules? woe (@) LS moles i (6) 200 moles ANSWERKEY 1B o2C SA 4B SC OC fe) Ocoee Ne sh 98 OD KC BC (4) 93.03 moles a6, compound is 80% Cand 20% H by mass, What BA MAISC 16D 1A 16D formula for this compound?” BA me isthe 201 mi of Nee wen 4e mg il pce olin of ‘roman a STF coi the < rion i (a) 224dm aeStoichiomerty 28. Volume of gar dependent on (2) Namber of gas molecules () Temperature () Pressure (@) Allofthese 29, Which one contains greater numberof moles? (@) 10g Na CHAPTER ANSWER REY UB RB BC rp wD WA asA_MD_ 4B IA IC Joa 3h 32D 236. wren a 16 8-ram sample of an waknowT mi Men ee aid, 4¢-grams of CO: wae wea rt vk comaned mo ctbons the ae dra aa was epee of MECO: by (10st than Mec Toston? Molar mss (ea (@) Allee Mico = 84 an CO>= 44 Solutions(A) Na as aller molar mass@3ehma) |S so thas greater umber of oles (50% 230, AUSTP, 32 liters of O; contin the sume numer | ©67% of molecle 8 cose (224Lar Salut) (2801 of “ligrreeed CO:by= 8480 MECOs ears “tdgprataced COsby= SABO MzCO) BR ern unre Pasa cae res ee teins i er en eee ee eee ae SAE aa SS eeee Maes ML A200 0fC3C0, cena tonly 2Mof CCDS (Land eny couttealy (OL thansm te means that 168 mixture contains 8.45 McC, which is balf{0%6) of total mistare ‘4, The mas of clement X found in 1.00 mole of each ot ourdferent compounds i 28.0 2.42.0 B, 560 2 and 70:2, respectively. The possible atomic tie of Xs iio 280 (e360 70 M7. Nig) + 2048) —+ N:O4g)TRIs reaction takes Pace i closed ask, The intial tal amount of Nog is 8 mole, and that of On is 12 mole. There is ne NO intially present. The experiment is carried ‘empersture. What 4s the toa ‘hot oon tl aan when the amount of Ny onIca SPAR wi Formed when | Wine oT re rion with 160 30: | actans Wacodng we ane econ TSEIER ny 2 ie ken FOF og tr (a Avopati's tow (0) Datos aw {6 Gohan ow of its (@)Lawo conservation of How many elcoun weg om (enmnio™ “ee sequal winnes of ee | Go TxHO presaue. comtain | (10M. (109.11 SOLUTION € Massof lect + Number of letrons ; 9.1 be10 Ke, : es u oreeeeeey | sa __ panto“ “e711 ob a at STP weighs TE, The ss could robe Xo co cme or rata of isin refers 10 2 OPE he, masses of (00 balanced chemical that ates according cone ie sea ten Nene Be ame te” eT inn we tt | ise emm? (sie esctn am (anche os we Cheever oeson ta teaabne 20 sans Fe cares nw Boece | OO Meccan cs we te won | o* (oy 2 100 a ao 20x79 eens z ‘sachin {OTs 48. Whatterm expresses the amount of the a ess tha theoreti doe a ple containing Cu produced 258 is age of Cu in the“umn suonsoye jo Jaquana soa siewye sey sur ase3au OyuoRRIES vo HOO) Oss ons aes ats Wa vr oor se VR eh OTF iy vor vor oe due V9 HSE - AL AEAMSNY Tonbo axe a pu y yx saqumu soya supe y (@) 3 200 WoHAL 2g» OINOLY 7 MALdVHO AMOALONULSses apoynes yo sqodoag ychipad Ami shuctuve SEE ttn caookes BF ep and Sooo —r herbed osednen tg sul Sorte Set ig avel toy willeon for oberg. pareera via yale po ever. Hy J Chao (19) A as score 3. Chick (1912), New Neon arc hore with alpha New > proton + elton ¢amineuing Pett has 9 chaes has gest penctation power Mason 16749 10 Apo 16749 4 1p Neaton ithe heaviest funancntl particle ofan, MN Discoverer) Mast ksh | Ming | € HTwomsani97)— | 9110 | ams | rae an | ase a Galisenct886) | 672410 [ts [staeion — tosta! Tams Chadwick 1982) |16749 10°" | Lok? | Newal Rather for 1911) wwe | 8 pe satomic Tore, abe eae he sca fests ofthe Rutten fe ts However nor cn fatty of he ato nro he vnc of he tatonary writ ‘he Bor pst ae DRO lens revolve arn the mceus in ein pei! cca ph alls ois fneey dee. ii _‘Whon lots revolves inant it diy i elit bur ence Sach is te aed staonary or non-raditing orbits. Thedlern rs) els rerun 1.23.8 and Gales RTA, Ne 8 An lcm contincs to mye 8 lar sation sate obit Soh a te fm i Caled run sate When ergy igen tthe cect juny oan hier re eve ‘Fano be ths exe atte When the elton jmp or ip to we ner sate, the pti ton | | ray i rated. | iv, The permitied orbits are those for which the angular momentum of an election iy an inergral multiple of mor = emishnown asthe ‘Where isthe Plan's constant ands equa 6.62 10) ‘min the mas of electron, ‘isthe velocity of te election, sorb umber = 12,3, ..0.0P Radius of orbit for any one elecwon tomo on = alr of tif ceston stom orion == 7 0529.00 Radius of orbit for H-atom | tt itn (05098 vof 2" orbit of H-atom, r3= (2) (0.529A°) » 2.12A° of 3" orbit of H-atom, F)= (3)?For Htatom Z=1 30 == 131236 Yimole OR Bis 13607 on. Bye 34ev on Fiz 15ev or Fes 085ey Ben STE = -0 sine or bev a =* Asn increes the energy pap between successive bis decrease EQUE)> By E> E.-Es (i) Ena aes wen i abe aol ~ 3 ty vernon i per maar F- adm (») Wavelength of electron = pak [s 4 (6) Frequency of electron = (9) Wave mmr of das = 7 = kf — 3 once sotto lue= {BP ea (0574s 1o'mywhichis neal oq ‘perimental va 19,677 88 or ‘hy Polat; With incest orb gb Encray of obi ine's ines eat obit i ines reter han Radi of nit tines increases cg ain 2 of ines oe he oath monsnmmcttn ies nei eagulr monene of? a i ins per hin 1", ocean nian in meray x dco rk of wavelet oc oeey, Thr am ditt spect Mees seiFeewrecy eke a axe yet 7 Lastest kenc pam oO a ee a be ethno er atm pes PAS een the colors. They are sie by atoms so now spemegers ee rrr more ‘Tey are sven by atoms ok (Line aertion spcran sda eo et go {i Linc emis sper its nes nda psoas Spc The ite ns age yan Senee Spectral Regions uy Balmer Series Pashen Series Visite Neae IR Mig IR Farik ForkA hams chap + chapaS plas chap 3. potted dua Btalogy hops t4+8(4) — Wutiunt lyse dnp ¥. eat chuont chap 64148 duns 44543, hye bapa thy? dap a. gta Biology chap 43 tchaptto Par ivor Bicogy hay 5 nt! chap ed +10 chews hye chap # + Plays chap 43 duis aatlle Btalagys bap to Mao ay due chaps tt dawe 1 Phys chap a8 Plage cup #4. el M4 Rwisiont po py std agiaele page hp wishes Bo du hase p12) ae Go Pla chupas istone i ‘ai. aitole Nalage yarn, Feline : : Ere fhye chap 0 2, me oO at mic a. phys hap 87 Ly chyas apn las Ah 46, 75(Continuous spear Lecter lr. ae oc aes ter he TEST ham stomi ec Hoge) coma Exam pce == role Sian or aud fae ebeabere | (oni Eni pea ah ound sac som Proton ar emited by excted sate atoms os ee Sic fremnbetsmedl ns a cies snes drove 2 teen jumps fom st hen SE = HO spct i 2 __| ent exp te pcm of wom having locton mere ta oe. Res pcezplan cma fea Sar fe Ni tramt teeny ocean prince Bfiecincapain te wove oor of eon ead iby deBroie 3 ior enn Ras SE crreagns rans fv Beh Be. Tey haneshar wong (10°41 EA Tey wes dusoneredy WC Rosa, Fe ec cea ty Rowen ie Cope ed i By wing Bao. devi bow kent Thy cg es and mn AL Teyhve tah tone eget ares on bight Background, Wis bight ines om dark back states, the maximum spectral ines obtained will be z Mass Law: ‘Tis ise ht the square roo ofthe frequency of X-Rays dnelly proportional othe atomic numberof mneknent ¥¥ (2-6) > VW = ald) ‘Wie b= Screning constant (calculated by slater rule) Forget lines of series, proportionality constant and its value depends on the mature of metal Conan in Mosly's law | a (units Hert) has no unit ea 247 105K 0 —| ah 320 05H 7 5 Meter of mater: Deo proposed tet nhc ght can have both ike wave a wel parc, in he same way pats cn Abobavette wave whose wavelengih veh aWy Sit eb Distance of it fr ces Namberot oti rit» Angular momen of ton mer Arima quantum umber: ; isos Somer id and dete Were Wen) 20 Woenne? 90,1 smd 012 Taplin shape ors. 0 spc shape (=I dumbell=2doubletunde Minin umborf cts nan so sbel= 2210) ‘Magne quantun number: pron y Zamora ety ons th ube orale in pcs) in su sel mae Beret patals Valleofm= 1, 0,41 Ford, m=-2.-1,0,4 Ug D {ewas proposed dy Goldvhnid & Uten Back ai noted by the symbol of cpio the spin felon. Thespina leton maybe loki (1/2) of ailockwis Quantum number Explaing ‘Total Number of orbitals | Masimurm number Principle a) ‘number i) ‘Azimathal quantum Ensay of sub sell 9 some electrons Energy af obit Formulaen® Formula=20? Fads of bit, Examples; KL, M,N ee ster. ‘Staps of oa Examples 2 sored edie {oben sam feMorcompicaeg ‘ingnetie quantun umber= Nodes the region where the probably of finding eeion treo (Hota modes n- Fe oesrmsn (Qiu) oo Nodes shorieuie ra sok hee 20 fal one 0 aay ge meth APC -4) ew Py pee 5 me a WO)=4s Namba angular nodes = 1 Net eden 0s contains only radial nodes) ‘Anilarsoe in any p ortital = ‘ilar noe in any orbital = 2 ‘pir node in any Feb =3 ‘Tea eomber of nodes =~ 1 aa Cf overtly : | JL wn-d)—porbi nt lalles)- sabshot \ @ n-1— orbital ; | I ‘Shapes of 1 and orbitals.Wy ‘Shapes oF doris 1%, Electronic con Case sls ‘LAufbau principle OR Kelchkowshy's rule OR (n+. Rule: ‘According to Aufbaa principle clectons ate Filed in diferent orbitals from lower (n+ ale obi hy (+ value ceil a follows: ls<2s<2p<3cipeds 9 = 4-9 a {i orbtal can never be occipied by more an 2 lecions (i Spin of elecrosin sae orbital mat be opposite. ‘Huns Rue ul of sin matpisity when degenerate orbitals are avilable Placed in epart ob wth anes Han seagate in thon they mus ‘eal sme eer. Pn1. Ifthe transition from higher enray level ends on energy level 3 the series ofthe spt ines mitted i calle: (a) Ballmer’ series (b) Lyman’ series (6 Paschen's series (@) Brackets sees HINT: ANSWER: 2 Moseley demonstrated a direct relationship between the ffequency of xrays emitted by an clement bombarded with high enerey clectons On what characteristic of the element does it ‘depend? (@) Electronic configuration (©) Atomic no, (6) Degre of ionization (6) Atomic mass “The eloonic configuration of saumber 3,6 (a) [An 4s 34 apt iu apie ase mi a9 {oy[AN 323083! weet (elke 38 34 3p¢ ¥ (@) Ukr} 4234” ap! ‘4 According to Mika's oil drop expesiment he's * ‘charge on an i droplet (3) Quitized (@)tegra mutiple ofe (e) Notes than {Allo them INT: Blecre charges quantized. gens, where quantum of elect care, ()xays> UV> Viible> Ik (e)UV> says Vile IR Puerta nun 6. The par of electromagnet Ty Lyman ser mma () Infrared region {c) Ula violet region (d)xxays eo theo (a) Infrared rays me (by Ulranolt ays (Oxae HINT? One ofncresing waves ane eee TR salt feqency enc np ne ANSWER (a 8, The total energy of a Hydrogen atom nts (Zero (Positive (oNerative 0) None of them Se Hence negative 9. Theatoms A and B have te electronic configuration: A=is* oa + f oe ule (AB: - (AB: HINT: AAs Ais monovalent wil B isis ANSWER: (b) mae 40. Whatis the magnitude ofthe near moment? (pail ifs deBrogties wavelengths 2 05h (30m fe) S10 (4) 510% 4 = 0.02%10%m So 0"ap 3248 sea se > as apr dp Spa ap 8 Bolling Isto ie ermapneti sperm oie ‘Gres even? : ays (0 Gana aileron UY (Opaowanes lake 9s. X- (ceo even vsble ratation, IR Doar ENCC 20 el Far cectoni configuration of mb 31 8 (aiaas 349" (gue de 343! (ilar 483049" (OTA 34D MINT Ga=l628 29°36 59430 "4p" ase ANSWER (0 TH: Which on of he following has the smallest ions? (Mg ope ce ase HINT: Reise top member of IA thus it has the salle omic aia. ANSWER 15, Aramge eecromagneti spectrum in terms of ‘atch in comect oder: (@)IR> UV > visible > micro wave > Radio (™)WV > ishle> TR> micro wave > Radio > IR> UY > miro wave > Radio Mowing sees he mse {) Paschen (e)taimer (a) Pn HINT: Lyman > UV Region. Balmer > Vin aan iotien: co oon ee were aati wba sa re an ena (Ohnamteeue a Gosnns ee eect ranaergors deny (op=hy wy at Assn: ren Bracke and fund series 91 (E=hw 220. The spctal ne obtained wen an eleseon jumps from n=b to n=3 Belongs tothe (ay Balmer sees {by Lyman series (6) Paschen sees (@) Pu series HINT: For Panchen series my =3.m5=4, 5.6.7 ANSWER: (0) 21. The frequency of green Hight is 6 X10" Hz. is wavelengths (@s0nin (6) 5000/am (00am, 2) 100 nm(+t C+ [tt g (+ TtTh) x pyr Et Tt T 1] ANSWER: Co) ahi pee 32 Select the one haviog hall filed Poe stant nbn ing an eleceen 2910 %em ffAsWERD) 3, Wich eatin do you think is wrong? avet2 13 woo Be mot a ame gaNO wr WoW-H J umsowOL rea opp esfect xeric eet mete atm no pens He tse we wae met Gisexees Lert of (eg posne ays pe ain) is constant mre eee cf dacharze tbe os es Ganieoe | ater aco ett by Tee ey crs wale ina ipsam (Oman S3u0'm | ea ete sctge=Oselotme {suntan Sm {raced ‘eas ‘mira ‘oxee (Sdn tn | Sead ota comatices (Panes gustan benny (Gat eadacon nce {(Oebenberg uncertain principle (allotte above J. Quan nner vale for 2p orbitals te: (asai=1 | Best aa Po ite as a eee ‘cctoa goes into which subsbell ms @eenats The ef vale Fr he postive ry is (a) Dewteriom {ty Helm ‘hn electon with quanta umber nodded m=-tyr als Belongs (as 4p feat (oar 18 Element X bas valence elton in telongs (opie and black (by petod and dock (6) period and p block {Ga period and p Blok Solution); uence clevton isin 3 and 34 istsiton Bement and tain pero 14, Quant uber values for 3p obits @ 15, Thera of ist nit of hyaoge atom G0s294" (mass2 3294" (a02294" 16, The number faarenta particles al atoms a Principally composed of a (a2 3 ot 5 17. Ie numberof aia noes Soar oa © dhe tl umber of nodes fa) 3s (2p fo (oat Solution; (A) Rod nes Ss are and 3 as total aodes=2Atomic structure 18, The Nodal plane for P. orbitals ay ) yz ea (a) None ‘Sotution; (A) Pe onital as 210 plane, so its nodal plane XY 9. The nature of cathode rays isin (Gas (cathode fo) Glass {a) all ofthese 20, Electron in which sub-shell s mest bonded. as oS ©» 2p ‘The charge om a cle ea x 109C (tenn x OC robb i099 pendent 0 Ioosely fo) he02 x 105 a nak twice ered FN ature oF anode. Caeathode (cams xm (ater tes, ‘Sat vals with =3? 2 sy permite fora eto SST cara on ann as NEN FT cage on oso war ae (a3. Thomson : (oy sitikan q {c) Rutherford 3 (avonr 28, nglar momatum of eleeton n> (ap aqua to hat of i (Smaller than hat of (0) Greater han shat of 1 (a) Unsetined| ‘ 2p, Seonarment of Be with pack (proton {by Neutron (erelectoa f (a) Positron {Ie efor ofthe glow tube depends pm (apes inside the abe (pyc (oyanode tg) Pressure R proce inthe dc 1s Tea 25 28.62 ‘ re of he gus in dischars o Sst Won the res fae flowing becomes = reed, hich of [eps glows (ea ones ‘ {Ghexciation (shaone 132, The nue fects in subse dksermined by: ioe ‘ 20 (aie (20K, oa ei ala for he positive ays inthe Teonage te depends upon: Cine of eleetode | (hart gs sie {©} composion of lass tube are “The dstance between the two a eed adjacent rests oF [adwavenamkere structure eso Tare permed Toran i Tom wihn=s? fp) 12.3 i234 ie 0123 qoanlsd Brboi’s dl iss on: fe Planck: quantum theory {Past exctsion principle P esenberg uncertain pring fi) Alo he above Princo of H-atom sk ‘ins a ae 1d)Green feet ., Be ee ce ving ey i a 1 A Ea peal ins wT ftatom for is, CHAPTER? line won 46, The spectral lines of Balmer seri ‘region ate produced when clecton jumps sn imps ten ier orbit of hyiogen (a) Itoi ae (6) 2nd orbit (edb thor 47, The spect ines of Paschens series ae produced when elecuon jumps ram higher oie (2nd oti (o) donb (th nb 8, A spect lin of ed coor w hydrogen pect. mad: Sotutian (Dy belongs o Balmer sere where 4. \ dua charter of mater plese moa ‘spotted (a) De-Broge (2) Planck (e)inaeia (a) Sceinger 5, Th ground st ute cece coefiguaion tap comes 0 which elements? (as mo ‘oar os St which bial ha sasage stapes (aoa () peabial (oteabial (rb 2, Nomber olin sel is dete by or (oan fo2kt 2g,‘ven oF me tollowing quan describes shape ofan oilman som (a) principal quantum cae {aint gunn ©) magnetic quantum (@) Spin quantum The degenerate orbital in Te in psa shel a 3 5 @? ‘When 4p orbital is complete the ntering electron Sp tat fo) (as Soutlons «) nt es Sen vale for 3 og ios os (3 eo 57. Masur rb fet Meommouse oe tito 6 ou sm, Mos hve ae! 2 Oe ots ox 59, Maximum ne Freateulated bY 5s, eons 4 orbitals can mnbors ofelectons Msbell snber of eectrons an nit can Ne we wae 2! 61. Cat Positively charge | Material tn nate (6) Reducing in nature 1 may ttl pect of rubiioy? @n on (24 (9 68, lonizaton enney i reat Gale 2e3p! (64 athe rai of an cei ines lecron (a) Decrees (Increases 7 (op Remane same (ay lecgular (65 when n= tonal spc oie ws ws 7 2 oo ‘ 6 Aya o an ordi incteses the om (a) Decreases (Increases (GyRemains constant (a Inegalae ‘Which nes Planck's equation (Kes 2m * (68, Simo cathode rays x grener than ds 0 oy fo) 1842 umes (by 1836 umes (0 Same ave _ (oatines {eid By since elcton is 1836 mse) Smale han proton, 9, Tart of penn is greater than that oy (sa dines op rte nes (©) tesimeFons 7070 78 on Te baie of aX cata) Xone a8 which visa ei of Zay beeen by the won moka formals ofthe compound formed fom ¥ and Z will Be ye. yz ove ayes ina Dvaaee of Y is 3 and Zis 150 fla Ys J. Thc toed betwecn Yond Z willbe ‘ae ()1008Covalen ‘cpRiareoalent ‘OCwdinte 1. Which principle mis an atom to wo electors eal? 1a 7s cae pn TR {S)Chnd te wees {@) Ete te mules 7% loiraton orgy ton ti leae 3163 tayeae a 79. Which tum number 6) Mand (aheeny (oomandr (e)tandn (mands Salut) oh 4d 0s = and n=2 80 +2 tn pial quant domi nba are he ios tits ber how em ® How many wp clecion an element w2 £2, Pating tree electrons in an ect sthe violation (a) Hon’ le {by Autba'speiciple {o) Pass pcile (a) all ofthese {88, Which configuration gets #2 oxiaton sates easily?” Gai 28 393 (0) be 20 pt feiss apt (a) Li 22 3h Solution( A; ie valence shel as 3" lets belongs 0 A, $4 Ite ionization energy of hydrogen aon fom [Morbi is Sey instead of 13 ev, what wil itsionizaton energy from 5 obAtor (a) Principle (b) Arimuthal fo) Magnetic (spin 86, Below electronic configura cow es ction i the a (t} [Flt Tt] (a) Hund’ rule (b) Autbus's principle {) Pauls principle (a) All ofthese 187. The given electronic which ru. roe iy ee “a a tates aiguration isthe against oni configuration ste assist incple ple ie structure IC) 35: Whch quem aaa RATTAEATCMT "|p yy gmmaumeme ste hich quai number i never ne ; negative and ow 1 ela oeecal i (ancoaly (ty mand (oycandm eens on:(€) both Spe at See eam miner seg have in common? oe Gyronly (onan fovtand (mando ott) od have R=2 an = “Answer key from 61-85 GLB 2B A OLS 7B 6B OD THA See Tae 75C TEC Joc 80-8 81 SC [BAS SEB. "Naicome - yaad? eS omar we Oesinxs TNE pee 8 (OF stil model of the stom depends ; ie eae ee. chemical properties? a ge ti a Pe eis sensn a "4 an ar ee ae Geum ee oe ore eae (Beietcna as: a (Sinnendea of gs in discharge tube kena ont guration] ‘are the eectone sip onc ‘cm have the same adi of 2 chit is even by 1: To ES ‘abate {tan ute 2 Oe "= naar . na giet (ona 2tc2 4 4 4 | piso ‘The number of unpaired eect cae sired electron 2 3 fea (os 13, Which one of the folowing orbitals has the lowest energy? (oad (bss foap (oar 14, How many adil nodes are present in 58? @o ot (2 «wa 15, What isthe comet outer electronic configuration of Cu Z=29)? fasta (yaewe foray sewn 16, The two electrons inthe fist shell wl ifr in the values of: wn we jm Ws 7 Which one of the fllowing sets of quantum 3 2 numbers i nt allowed?”80 6.023 x 80% (1602 « (4)2p, 34.38, (b) 3p. 3 5s (oa anad Se 4p.pecrum of Hydrogen 1 taken in the metic, some nes ines ae create.— number od electron, h element does its ground have no paired p electrons? (a) Carbon (b) Oxygen! ) Neon fagnesium 163, The electronic configuration of 2«Cr is ) 34° (b) 34° 4s? (c) 3084s! (a) None of these ANSWR KEY: iE 21 Bi3I B egale 9 2 [22 € 42D) 52 D/62 D| 3 4 C/33 0/8 C|s3 B63 C 4 3s Dm D/44 C\s4 clea a s 25:D/38 A/45 B/ss Dios C 6 26 D|36 D|46 D/ 56 4 7 27 B37 D/47 Als7 B 8 28 B/38 A|48 ASB B 9 29 4/39 C49 B59 4 30 CCHAPTER 3 HEORIES OF COVALENT BOND AND SHAPES OF MOLECULESCHAPTER 3 ENT BOND AND SHAPES KEY POINTS AND SHORT CUTS aoe ping nae gases dot have complete set 9 they canine with oer aH hol he toms os teeter within the rece scaled a ete elements cx Vrain iclfed Chemical Bonding. I dpends onthe valences of as fa pial be he 10 mate proces eve to Goins [TYPES OF BONDS | METALLIG Bond bw metals (CO-ORDINAT OVALENT Sharing of e frm one atom ual saving oe = complete ranserof electron Tharing of elecion from botk atom “hain of electron from ane ofthe atoms a leva bnd a Bond or Eltron pat bond Peete oyaet bond or dave bond Cot temeen fre eles an meta ation’ ‘eames in hoy we pected by Nolo and Giese, wry wll explains se ars of eg aceting wo VSEPR tory MenenendrisLp-Lp>9.bp> 0... ‘Nese Lpstone pair and bp=bond pair so eae ans Veave like single bond. BECle and CO> both neat i) Masi Bods pect eg) gata afoot ond ange increases central atom has Lp) Bond ra Ss wh nee nie altace stom bond nee eeasts etal ate hs LP). iy) Oe geomet Spends upon bap dbp efor ape | Hybrdaiton | Sond forma) Shape | Hybvidton | Se ae pair) | Dear is -<120" lor pair) | Angular, Bent | SD lon pir=2) | Angular bent ne pair=0) | Trgonal planar Tngonal rami Tetahedral 10958 Sees 7 war planar Trigonel, bipyanid Octaedral Notzero | H:0 (104.5), OAL 120° [Zero | BFs, AICL.S0s, CH SP <1 Sy) Netzer| Serie number) = VM) Far neal meal | Sirens YM tc Fri ain Where $= Number of arial involved io bridization viz. 2 2.4, 8, 6 and 7. hn | Iebritcation wil be ppp pa epee V=Numbe | M= Numbness ato number sims Bonds formed y central ato, (C= positive Charge om cea atom, _A-= negative Charge on central tom cletns inthe vlence sel ofthe cemtal 310 ‘Steric number(s) | Hybdiation | Examples in BeCk, Caron in Gs,COs. C8, co [oxygen in COs HNP, HO ,PCl. Resonance: Te reprsemation ofa single molcale by more than one Tewis sutures scale we ‘These various stutes for these melee ae called renting SUES a cH resonance contributing suuctues. The eal suuctue of the molecule i allefresonance hybrigf Rea Nk _always exists single suc. Rules of eesonanee i) Poston of alms in all Capnical structures ae sane 3h) Canonical structs afferent by positions fp lctos {ih Canonical structures sue gurbe of unpaired elesto, *) ‘Aom i the Canonical siete ool ot soit cat ¥) All Caooneal structs ar ot of eq conation. Resi mamas sms = Een mou a ce eon py say : tA ot ot os WED: Accnting 0 VBT Covalent bondi formed Wy the oven omic orbital ‘Ths rials are al led. ‘Two econ in boning rial ar 2% With pose spin, ‘reaping fom Fo DPS Or es a nd ther pe“Oi <— 46% a a Ne ae I 4 Ve ee, Gia Pony au a, BO, BF2 4,07 TS wa Las Ber ma angle aa dtcrenre ea "S ppranitsal 5 Ges t> hupboriel’aackion= 2 ie =1OTE MOT anes a Trcar se oman a a ea ore rang molecular eal and an-homhng mule ee SHH jas wht unter bss formed been tan nom cael ede a . oo ms eae Hood we ge n=Novol ston Boing Molecule we OE let in Ad Boning Molec Ove orn Oud fo orl One or od Oke fo, rile Mo Diagram for Nowhere Ba.aboreny tdi) Jar orbitals of Ox and F; molecules: lsco"ls Cy 14 Nt io oO: i a 1 Magnetic pr Diamagnetic Paraagais — [Diamazneic — | Diamagnetic—~ Parag 158 [Diamagnetic 1. Handa; boda cree fm ight npr. Bact: > > Skt > 1:0 180°” 1p ps” ns is Bond angle also decreas es fom Wp bali he soup whe lone pi is preset HO>HS simiaty Nts PH aa wn 4. Dink Maman: Demme: vad © wa he py zg ema: Dt mann i wg he poly i & me 1 is denoted (© Tofind geometry of «compound. (To find ini character. % tone nuure = Hee Dipole omen of group HA=O eg BeCls Dipoe B momen of group HA=O.e4 BE momen of group ACO eg ClETEA Pewee see ote terete covalent hyde ett ‘alls tN sess strong hydrogen bonding ) EVE Bascom obi theory, which of Acjwing i mst unstable molecule? is) Vs) V(ls) TV Is? Band ord NSWER: PRUE DIY Comsethe correct statement: falResnance hybrids are the weighted aver fate resonating forms {Resonance hybrids are generally considered ental (o)Resnance hybrids are the average ofall the once forms (Resonance hybrids are averaged ofall the sable esoating forms NSWER: (a) Page No 79 (Sub Topic: 3.1.2), Sel theeoret order in ionic behavior: (AI AIBy> AICH> Alls, ()AlQ.> AIR, > AlBrs > All, (QING > Als > AIF: A>AICh> AIBrs > ei eT eS Totiee Tee D SHAPE MINT: Becton ee Entity ference of Hand isthe ANSWER: (b 7. Molecular oil (a) Localized 0) Detocaized (Normalized (@) None sare generally considers HINT: In molecular orbitals the eecwons ae localized between the mick ANSWER: (a) '8. Which ype of hybridization carbon atom can undergo inthe formation of eye molecule? (asp ws (sp! (a) doy INT: In Ethyne each carbon is ached with evo ‘other atoms this sp hybridization oceus ANSWER:(a) 9. Whats he bod order in Fs according tthe molecular orb theory? 203 1 wes HINT: Bond order for = ANSWER: (0) TOcn which compound the Dond angles maximam” (a)Methane (6) Berlin chloe {opAmmonia (0) Boron tinge HINT: BeCla hs linear gometry s0 has angle of 180° daa ra NICAL ag 1 Whi of oi ye il wh‘Theories of bonding and shapes of molecule TE Acroing o okulataley WHeh oe ofthe felowing wil inca ve pared coment 0% OR ane" bone molec tls ANSWER: IEWNGh oro tere het ca owing Byte one ofa ded eas winp sale? (@) BF, (HO (Bec, (Nib Cl-=Be+Cl Be is central atom, has 2 electron pairs in its valence shell thus it i sp hybridized, ANSWER:(C) NOE 14, Which is inconect statement” (a) The ionic bonds are non directional in charcter (6) The erystals of covalent compounds are mae ‘up of molecules () The covalent bonds se rgid and non directional (@) Tonic compounds have high MP and BP HINT: Covalent bonds are dresional while ile ‘bond is now-dectonal. ANSWER: (C) CEU 15. BeCls has the hybride orbitals ofthe pe Gasp. sy oe, © HINT: BeCis is linear shaped &has sp hybrid ‘orbitals ANSWER: (A 16. The resonance stuctresdiflers from one another ‘only on the basis of: (a) Poston af atoms (@)Namber of unpaired electrons (6) Poston of electrons {@) Position of mle ICA Cin), 18. The shape of SnCh i (a) Linear (6) Trigonal pyramidal (6) Trigonal planar (4) Angular HINT: Sn contain | Ione pair, ANSWER: (D) EET 19, ALabsolute zero the molecules uf hy will haves ve {a) Only translational motion () Only vibrational motion (6) Only rotational motion (a) All the motion is ceased 20,What will be the shape of 4 molsule at contains two sigma bond and one lon pa (a) Linear (6) V shige (6) Tetragonal 4) Triangular ANSWER: (B) PE 22, Bond energy of covalent Bond dectesss ih (a) Polarity () Makipliciay (6) Size of atom 4) Allof the above HINT: Greater the sizeof atoms, weaker willbe covalent bonds and lower wll be the ond ne, ANSWER: (C), — oa (He _ (@)436 Kjmol 0407 Kifonot (9.272 Kjmol (8) 436 = Avogado no Kimo ANSWER: (D2 /m0l 2 conden oe the molecular bal ery (0 ‘hoose the correct relative energies onde, [HINT: Resonating sroture ifr by position of = localization, ANS) @as » 3 o 8) [eet In chemical fod formation stone ntl by sharing of electrons tata noble configuration” isthe stem a) VSEPR theory ) _Electoni theory of valens ©) VBT MoT ‘Which theory was presented by Nyoln and Gillespie? a) VSEPR theory 1) Octet theory ©) VBT & Mor ‘The shape of BeC a) Angular ») linear ©) V-shape 4) Both aand The shape of SoCs is ) Angular ) Linear ©) Tewahedral &) Pyramidal "lecton pair geometry and molecular geometry ‘ofa molecule wil beth same i 8) Number of foe pirs=hond pairs by. Number of lone pairs >bond prs €), Namber of lone pairs are not ze10 {Number of lone pairs ae ero “The electron pairs geomeny and molecular omy of which molecule isthe same a) NH ) HO ©) Cck Sach. The electon pars geometry i tetrahedral for, 3) NH ») 0 ©) Ck 4) allofthese In which one of the fllowing H-X-H bond angles isthe largest? where X=N.O.C.S a) NH ») 0 ©) Ce o) Hs ‘Which one ofthe following has HO wih increas im ckctncpaeee sna mumber aod Mature s) Incteases by decreases none ofthese 11) VSEPR thoory fails explain 8) How stom shat elects 4) magnetic properties % 2) Sarre o ects » {0 bot aad aie 12) Vr en well 2 2 sign Do formation q 3) puto formation 3 2) Nasi ropenies ag S) tata “ 1a Resonating sooctres fers fom each, 8 2) poston of some : 3 postion of uti d poston of pi clestrons ‘ {numberof unpaired election » 1a Which mols formed hy he ny tonic ota aK » Ho ©) Be ca 1) hich mc orm bythe sp ove of aon obi, 2) Hel 6) O as oll 6 Which molecule is creriapping of hybriation 2) Ch >) Br 9) Ck nell ) Cen stom is SP hybridize in a) NH) ae ») CH ©) HO formed by ‘atomic orbitalsan for molecule below. Hs fare sp2 hybridized while Cand ae 9p a hile Cand Cae 3p ae sphybriized = Sori pial In O: molecule is = My yy so of which one ofthe following is cout by MOT. paris eter: ry 2 » a cto es of ven 3s Hee, Hy? and: Hoare at 3 | Sareea 2a eee 2 Usenet ae Bond enh Altaf tece 99) Bond lngthcan he a) Nesta 1) Electonditactom ©) Spec stain i) Allabove | Amsner key 130 decrine by 1 G ae i eee 2 MW a lm a) CO ca § S, 5 ee oo 22 hn is oa oe on peo. So: oom 9 ec, Sst one longs tm ot tev ps ner oon. 3 BO. Ni o ons 8) HO. 8 su) Wath nd age eee? Whee XG Nos Soi wo ost ons 45) Reece sss em neh tebmet tm fas ptm ces ae fms) RK 50 ee bwin bm nc, aeTheories of bonding and shapes of mol 2 oa d) SoC . 52)Select molecule that has non-zero dipole 3a aanser (2) Colle JC RB BC MA 358 36-C Oo) Cake 3 BAC MOC ALD 4B © GH: | sc sen 46D STR dBA (@) Cit 9.8 50D S2C S38 SED oe,(ar ws won wor Niece wbich shows resonance ix? (S02 “ wo (cathe {@)Alfofthem Low | State te elton pir eomery of 2 P aPyeamial (remedial () Square planner (@)ozatee! Ayah oe detoal bonds? (a) Covalent (Corina covalent spree a hyhidaey ‘© hyn 1 IE hig {20 hy (0th ~ (998 bye (se bybvitass The bond or ofa moe mo meus is ony 13. The inreaing tnd ‘he ei nd tne 0 (9 0F°< 0} <0; (07 <0;2 (bof intemceolr oning 1.0 oe ()Orand CO (6) COsis tne while HO is fet este {9 Osand NO (4) C0: isa gas while 0 suid ac STP (a)COand NO 15, Na and $0; os: 1 Which among the species 05,03 , 02 and 03° is (a) Teal georty siamagnetic? (0) Triangular e00ety or (6) Pyramidal geomsry 05 {a)Souare planer geo) (902 When the lest lense ets wor twoatoms is 2 bond wil ‘Themoleeuleof Ne; doesnot exist becase (a foie (NDS Na {b) Covalent (Nb=Na (e)olar cole! ave fe stint Nene tw ay coin ce oo osHF> SO:> H.O> Ni > N> SO:> HE HF> Nib» 80, > HO smear of sory conceal? (a)C1-Ci bond inch 0-010; 2, Select the mos ionic bond compound ? a) water by sugar sat ammonia 24.1 e sharing x Ba D Bl A clu ® cus D A | 2 © a | 2% D Crea B B | 28 © B | 2» B| 2 5 | » 8 $1. According to MOT oxygen is paramagnetic bt tothe:{In Mich ofthe following compounds carbon is ‘pti: wc(@) Atomie orbit (6) Molecular onal (a) vial %. (and None of these isthe nocessaty co ‘Te poston ofthe mice ste the sme "The structure differs only in the Po {) The number of wopaired electrons ach structure must be the sane (Al statements are correct ‘si, Which of the following compounds gives 50" hybridization? (@) 0 (ND oct (@) Al the above acne () MnO a Da zB ae) bop BoC Moa x =D ® we A 4 yoe > wo8 4 yA ‘ oD DCHAPTER 4 STATE OF MATTER I - GASESTTT v gag taws BM = Pa, Hk contort FV, vols, & [Se MT y vile greater 5 qesler WO renter doporaton ye Tavalh «| ¥ mt ar eusperyarkare y ea SY 5 wm higfer teupéreture, v yeast Santer Ae fn kb sad, 3p TT td oft te i woh go bs gare oop ae yd ok, ble ae pon Mage veame of pu Teme = Reese eee gl ae2a gy Flags Cele volun of gs oct Loe Ge add | TE Se Gopteahte onty pe tla Tapa) as je cchuve pats of 4 doutdel> w a ib ne Gee Game, sedan Mo yptt phe ak edaabks Hs sick pede the mes Mteawad werted Ve RBH2 7 HD = yb mb ure we Re he se coat pute {rma whan: v= vo B83 0298 ypotbaticnd quics das ook oe aero velumss Hf Hb gist Gaus ) cmucretion of rade PBefore reaching 2732 metal Kecome comrled Bolo satis’ and tials. Ab ob 3732 att UE are cue. fuk HY cule abotpre oe San ms Mra vara OF pressure og Rene Sa aipetedipate tad, jouit gases & Geach ton ayers quae als 6.7 dander digoxin on Shae ps4 hich chs LO howe dantbn ns Fills pfit-cl) > os, Ke > PM. MRT = PMedeT % H-BINL dwiatton Breveay, " Me ia Lp rena devising ye a Pay Mate mae eee is more atin fra ave marth @saten Draken Gratrn| BW —Hy Cla deviackion Tm, Holey mest Ry -aRT],_ fread than Hy CHe Set fe Sh het dn Non pay onalusdses Cea Malar vnass mare, More wie 4 Masser)? pvinemmkt =}m= desieions : eS [ro] rand Ha we wih ay 4 3 ee sniiy. mn Non— Teal got ow > Mehuathy ait gases dasfate to (i QO? gr te pttin some extent tall aipucs hing far ein FyResstret Deviation fe mae at Kigfe pra % 8 @ Taupecatarer dustin man. at tag | Deviation oc Abomnidtty Pas ae eas ae | winine iF hatin hale TP panes tener Boy dock oth pence “tm Riley | Cea eee 6 con tht tg is A > more deat (obs fry) Non dually & Atta [Sten asp whic raat tn gpeiie herede tr ire Hosn bolas earrERS enya f pee inate 1a oe es eon ine, em Pn eat 1 erin Pde aps and. ph Prosuare Kualty Mewenphion q nan-Ts 2 eet go Ail lek on, aR rte Fp fe con {pe Tp hure ee a mi nen gare Mle ordeals ane 2 ge freure—y Manone Pabmepraare: 2 Raheny a “Ep tam = ml = Te Meson TS 1ep335B iva am, W's aho called oral pure. PAF na tees et of avai elven 8 Mer re ducrase Yo muscu chim Wl carr tana aa 5 fei of encons W STPIs 224d scled mse Ber eer hie ot Mt hur we move Tearmnetar to murce: Te Ve cxcomtanetand sh oy fetter a Vee ahdlped pat Tord eed etal OE vated gt Td men role andes ‘nine pleasure Tonpuntie Veer (aceanstantPandn) YeAt Colne condition). Chee Micon Mir Chere kw kare! Ko wk! «pean a pvt Veen at constant Pand) r D Vek 7 anit of Avogadro's law kare dn! mot orm! ma Coie Gas Laan Te Ga Eatin. 8 Ve (oyle'sLaw) pert romtusah. 1 aprentemately vac (Charles Law) cba dirloua of aortinis Hs own Ventavepadr'siaw)—— diawakers PV eR deal gas equation for" moles) PV =RT (deal gs equation for 1 moe) R te cele