The application of psychology

Introduction

➢psychology has its applied side that is

often used to solve “ real life” problems.
➢Application of knowledge to practical
problems is an art and skill for doing
things.
Areas of Psychology

1. Biological (physiological) psychology

is the study of the biological mechanisms underlying
behavior.

Biological psychologists generally are interested in

the brain and the nervous system, in the endocrine
system, and in other organismic processes.
2. Clinical psychology

• is the study of problems encountered by individuals,

groups, and families-especially problems involving
psychopathology. Clinical psychologists are interested in
the application of psychological knowledge and
techniques for the alleviation of these problems.
• Confusion between the fields of clinical psychology and
psychiatry occurs because both clinical psychologists and
psychiatrists provide psychotherapy. And both usually
work together in many hospitals/clinics.
• Clinical psychologists CANNOT refer a patient to a
hospital or prescribe medication.
3.Community psychology

• is the study of social processes and problems of

groups, organizations, and neighborhoods, and
the development and evaluation of progress for
social change and social policy based on
psychological understanding.
 4.Counseling Psychology
• A counseling psychologist facilitates personal and interpersonal functioning across the
life span with a focus on emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related,
developmental, and organizational concerns.
• The difference between clinical and counselling psychologist is that counselling
psychologists generally work with people who have milder emotional and personal
problems.
5. Social psychology

• is the study of attitudes, social perception and cognition, interpersonal

relations, interpersonal interactions, and social and cultural factors affecting
human behavior.
6.Forensic psychology.

• is a specialty area within psychology that deals with the application of

scientific research and principles of human behavior to legal issues and
court-related cases. Forensic psychologists engage in psychological testing,
consulting, and other criminal justice-related work.
Educational psychology

• focuses on the study of learning outcomes, student attributes, and

instructional processes directly related to the classroom and the school, such
as amount of instructional time or individual differences in school learning.
The psychotherapist

The educational psychologist advising school board on new curriculum, the

clinical psychologist supervising group therapy in estate mental hospital, and
social psychologist Trying to lesson tensions between management and workers
in a large industry are all practicing the art of psychology.
 Methods of psychology:-
❖Psychology used the “common sense”, however, they must be based on evidence.
❖all types of Psychologist use a variety of different techniques to gather their evidence.
❖Psychology is social science and is considered aboard line science.
methods:-

• 1/ observation.
• 2/ case study.
• 3/ survey.
• 4/ correlation methods.
• 5/ the experimental.
 1.Observation:-
Observation requires watching people recording what happens. Psychologists must
record what are observe, what happened without making any interpretations or
inferences.
2.Case study:-
The case study is study of one individual, usually including tests, biographical and
family history and interviews this method is used primarily. clinical psychologists
working with trouble persons. The purpose is to learn as much as possible about the
personal’s problems, in order to alleviate problems & recommendations which may
include therapy.
3.Survey:-

The purpose of a psychological survey is not determine the attitudes and

behaviors of a large group of people. Usually everyone in the group cannot be
questioned, so psychologists might include half group or as little as 5 or 10
percent of the group.
4.Correlation method:-

It is correlation relationship between scores on two variables.

Positive correlation which means when one variable increased the other also
increase.
5.The experiment method

Is only method can determine whether one factor causes another. In it

condition is controlled and used two group experimental group and control
group.
Thanks