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Download Microbiology 13th Edition Tortora Test Bank all chapters
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Microbiology: An Introduction, 13e (Tortora et al.)
Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics
1) A gene is defined as
A) any random segment of DNA.
B) three nucleotides that code for an amino acid.
C) a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product.
D) a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product.
E) the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA.
Answer: C
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.1
1
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) DNA is constructed of
A) a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding.
B) two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A–C and G–T.
C) two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration.
D) two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between
them.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: C
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Global Outcome: 2
2
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) Figure 8.1
3
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 8.1
Culture 1: F+, leucine+, histidine+
Culture 2: F-, leucine-, histidine-
8) In Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2 (reminder: F+ has
a different meaning than Hfr)?
A) 1 will remain the same;
2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine-
B) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+;
2 will become F+, leu-, his-
C) 1 will become F-, leu-, his-;
2 will remain the same
D) 1 will remain the same;
2 will become F+, leu+, his+
E) 1 will remain the same;
2 will become F+ and recombination may occur
Answer: A
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.1
Learning Outcome: 8.15
Global Outcome: 2
9) In Table 8.1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the
two cultures?
A) They will both remain the same.
B) 1 will become F+, leu+, his+;
2 will become F+, leu+, his+
C) 1 will remain the same;
recombination may occur in 2
D) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+;
2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: C
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.1
Learning Outcome: 8.15
Global Outcome: 2
4
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
10) An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)
A) inducible enzyme.
B) repressible enzyme.
C) restriction enzyme.
D) operator.
E) promoter.
Answer: A
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
15) According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the
A) end-product must not be in excess.
B) substrate must bind to the enzyme.
C) substrate must bind to the repressor.
D) repressor must bind to the operator.
E) repressor must not be synthesized.
Answer: C
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Global Outcome: 2
6
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.2
18) In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is adenine, what is base 11' (remember the complimentary
configuration of bases in DNA)?
A) adenine
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) guanine
E) uracil
Answer: A
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Global Outcome: 2
7
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) In Figure 8.2, base 5 (and ONLY the base) is covalently bound/attached to
A) ribose.
B) phosphate.
C) deoxyribose.
D) thymine.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: C
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Table 8.2
21) Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-
alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA?
A) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA 5'
B) 3' AGACGTTTCAAT 5'
C) 3' TCTCGTTTGTTA 5'
D) 5' TGTGCTTTCTTA 3'
E) 5' AGAGCTTTGAAT 3'
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
8
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
22) Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-
alanine-lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is
A) 5' ACAGTTTCAAT 3'.
B) 5' TCTGCAAAGTTA 3'.
C) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA 5'.
D) 3' UCUCGAAAGUUA 5'.
E) 3' TCACGUUUCAAU 5'.
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
24) Refer to Table 8.2. Identify the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence
of bases in a strand of DNA (pay attention to the polarity of the DNA here):
3' ATTACGCTTTGC 5'.
A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine
B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine
C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine
D) Translation would stop at the first codon.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: D
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
9
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
25) Refer to Table 8.2. If an indeterminate frameshift mutation occurred (that is, one at a random
location) in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids
coded for?
3' ATTACGCTTTGC
A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine
B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine
C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine
D) Translation would stop at the first codon.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: E
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Global Outcome: 2
26) Refer to Table 8.2. When amino acid sequences from a cell cycle control protein from a
patient with cancer and a healthy person are aligned, the sequence from the cancer patient
indicates one amino acid has changed from phenylalanine (Phe) to leucine (Leu). A mutation in
the cancer patient's DNA must have taken place. Identify the result of this DNA change in the
mRNA codon that led to this change in the protein sequence.
A) UUU altered to UCU
B) UUU altered to UAU
C) UCU altered to UUA
D) CAA altered to UUU
E) UUU altered to UUA
Answer: E
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
Learning Outcome: 8.4
10
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.3 - Metabolic Pathway
27) In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would
exemplify
A) a mutation.
B) repression.
C) feedback inhibition.
D) competitive inhibition.
E) transcription.
Answer: C
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Global Outcome: 2
11
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
29) In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme,
A) compound C would bind to the repressor for Gene a.
B) compound A would bind to the repressor for Gene a.
C) compound B would bind to enzyme A directly.
D) compound A would react with enzyme B directly.
E) compound C would react with gene a directly.
Answer: B
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Global Outcome: 2
31) The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA
polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA
synthesized would be most similar to
A) human DNA.
B) T. aquaticus DNA.
C) a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA.
D) human RNA.
E) T. aquaticus RNA.
Answer: A
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Global Outcome: 7
12
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) Table 8.3
Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of
mutation?
A) analog
B) frameshift
C) missense
D) nonsense
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: D
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Global Outcome: 7
13
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
33) Figure 8.4
In Figure 8.4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown
(the light gray area is the large subunit, while the black shape is the drug). From this information
you can conclude that chloramphenicol
A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes.
B) prevents translation in eukaryotes.
C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes.
D) prevents translation in prokaryotes.
E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding.
Answer: D
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.2
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Global Outcome: 7
34) The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is
A) catabolite repression.
B) translation.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) repression.
E) induction.
Answer: A
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
14
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
35) If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you
determine with the most accuracy?
A) the primary structure of the protein
B) the secondary structure of the protein
C) the tertiary structure of the protein
D) the quaternary structure of the protein
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Answer: A
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Global Outcome: 2
36) An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand of
DNA being replicated is
A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA helicase.
D) transposase.
E) SSBP.
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.3
38) An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion
sequences, is
A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase.
C) DNA helicase.
D) transposase.
E) DNA polymerase.
Answer: D
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.16
15
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
39) Repair of damaged DNA, in some instances and mechanisms, might be viewed as a race
between an endonuclease and
A) DNA ligase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) helicase.
D) methylase.
E) primase.
Answer: D
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Global Outcome: 2
40) The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of
UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is
due to a mistake by
A) a chemical mutagen.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) photolyases.
D) snRNPs.
E) UV radiation.
Answer: D
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Global Outcome: 7
16
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
41) Figure 8.5
In Figure 8.5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and
repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: D
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.3
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Global Outcome: 2
17
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
42) The miRNAs in a cell
A) are found in prokaryotic cells.
B) are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome.
C) are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome.
D) allow different cells to produce different proteins.
E) are responsible for inducing operons.
Answer: D
Section: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 8.8
43) Assume the two E. coli strains shown below are allowed to conjugate.
Hfr: pro+, arg+, his+, lys+, met+, ampicillin-sensitive
F-: pro-, arg-, his-, lys-, met-, ampicillin-resistant
What supplements would you add to glucose minimal salts agar to select for a new recombinant
cell that is lys+, arg+, amp-resistant?
A) ampicillin, lysine, arginine
B) lysine, arginine
C) ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine
D) proline, histidine, methionine
E) ampicillin, proline, histidine, lysine
Answer: C
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.1
Learning Outcome: 8.12
Global Outcome: 2
44) Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both
eukaryotes and prokaryotes
A) have exons.
B) have introns.
C) require snRNPS.
D) use methionine as the "start" amino acid.
E) use codons to determine polypeptide sequences.
Answer: E
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.2
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Global Outcome: 7
18
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
45) When ultraviolet light strikes DNA, it can cause a specific type of damage. How is this
damage best described?
A) Thymine bases on the opposing DNA strands are covalently linked together to form a
thymine dimer.
B) Thymine bases on one strand of DNA, next to each other, are covalently linked together to
form a thymine dimer.
C) Adenine and thymine bases on opposing DNA strands are linked together by hydrogen bonds.
D) Adenine and thymine bases on opposing DNA strands are covalently linked together to form
an AT dimer.
Answer: B
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 8.9
46) The ozone layer of the Earth has been depleted to an extent by human release of certain
chemicals. What type of mutation, caused by the induction of thymine dimer formation, is more
likely to occur in organisms on Earth as a result of this problem?
A) silent mutation
B) nonsense mutation
C) missense mutation
D) frameshift mutation
Answer: D
Section: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
Learning Outcome: 8.11
47) When two genes from two different people are sequenced and aligned, it is discovered that
there are multiple sequence differences in the coding segment DNA level. However, when the
proteins formed by the genes have their amino acids sequenced, there is no difference observed
between the two. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?
A) The mutations are corrected at the protein level after translation has occurred.
B) The mutations lie at locations where they don't affect protein sequence due to degeneracy of
the genetic code.
C) The mutations are repaired at the mRNA level after transcription has occurred, but before
translation.
D) Mutations at the DNA level are not reflected in proteins produced.
E) RNA processing removes the different segments from the mRNA molecules of each person
prior to translation.
Answer: B
Section: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
Learning Outcome: 8.4
19
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
48) Transduction requires a(n) ________ to move DNA from one bacterial cell to another.
A) bacteriophage
B) naked DNA molecule
C) F plasmid
D) transposase enzyme
Answer: A
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 8.16
49) Generalized transduction occurs when a bacteriophage inadvertently packages the wrong
material into one of its newly-formed protein coats. While the source of this material may vary, it
is always:
A) protein.
B) mRNA.
C) DNA.
D) tRNA.
E) miRNA.
Answer: C
Section: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 4.5
Learning Outcome: 8.16
20
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
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