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INTRODUCTION TO SCORPION CVR(T)

LINK UP
INTRODUCTION:
The scorpion CVR (T) is a British made vehicle by a company called
ALVIS, base in London. The vehicle CVR (T) was introduced into the
Nigerian Army inventory in year 1975. The scorpion CVR (T) is fitted
with an improved 76mm main gun and co-axially mounted 7.62mm
MG, the vehicle has a crew of three (3) commander/loader, gunner
and driver. The CVR (T) range is air portable, highly maneuverable,
tracked aluminum armored vehicle having a low silhouette and low
external noise factor.

AIM:

The aim of this lesson is to teach A1 C/M recce Auto Students

scorpion details as regard to scorpion CVR (T).

OBJECTIVE:

At the end of this lesson, A1 C/M recce Auto Students will have a
sound knowledge of scorpion CVR (T).

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DESCRIPTION

The meaning of CVR (T)

C – COMBAT.

V – VEHICLE.

R – RECONNAISSANCE.

(T) – TRACK.

There are two vehicle manufactured by ALIVS company

a. CVR (W)
b. CVR (T)

SCORPION FAMILIES:

1. SCORPION FS: - For fighting series and is mounted with 76mm

main gun.
2. SCIMITAR: - For anti air craft and is mounted with 30mm cannon
gun.
3. SULTAN: - For command purpose and is fitted with 7.62mm
GPMG and also equipped with additional radio, map reading
board and air condition.
4. SAMARITAN: - For ambulance.
5. STRICKER: - For guided weapon and missile launcher.
6. SAMSON: - For recovery or mobile workshop.
7. SPARTAN: - For Armour personal carrier (APC) and is fitted with
7.62mm GPMG.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL CVR (T) WHALLLT

1. Air portability.
2. Highly maneuverability.
3. Low external noise factor.
4. Low silhouette (low height).

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5. Tracked aluminum armored vehicle.

6. Low ground pressure.
7. Welded water proof construction.

ROLES OF SCORPION FS FREPP

1. Escort.
2. Patrol.
3. Reconnaissance.
4. Flank protection.
5. Protection of VIP.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SCORPION FS

SCORPION FS (fighting series): - Is an armored recce tracked vehicle

designed for recce duties during peace and combat operations.

ANY QUESTIONS CHECK QUESTION

DIVISION OF SCORPION (FS)

The vehicle is divided into two (2) main parts.

a. TURRET: - Is mounted with 76mm main gun and co-axially

mounted 7.62mm gun. The turret can be traversed through 360º
by a manually operated two speed transfer gear box lower and
faster. The turret house main and secondary armament, sighting,
observation equipment and radio sets. Externally mounted on the
front of the turret are multi-barreled smoke dischargers.

NOTE: - Access to the turret is provided by two similar hatches

which can be secured in the fully closed or open
position. The commander is provided with periscopes,
thus providing all round observation. While gunner is
provided with sighting periscopes linked to the main
armament. And two fixed periscope for observation
purpose.

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b. HULL: - Hull carries crew and engine which the hull is sub- divided
into four (4) compartments.
i. Transmission compartment.
ii. Engine “
iii. Drivers “
iv. Fighting compartment.

a. TRANSMISSION COMPARTMENT: -It is located at the front of the

vehicle and extends the full width of the hull. Access to the
compartment is provided by two louvered access plates in the
detachable roof plate.

b. ENGINE COMPARTMENT: - It is to the right of the driver’s

compartment, from which is separated by an insulated bulkhead.
Access to the compartment is by two louvered access plates.

c. DRIVER’S COMPARTMENT: -It is on the left side of hull to the rear

of the transmission compartment from which it is separated by
an insulated bulkhead. Access to the compartment is via a hatch
pivoting in the hull roof or from fighting compartment. A wide
angle periscope is provided for use when driving close down; the
periscope can be replaced by a passive night driving periscope.

d. FIGHTING COMPARTMENT: -It is at the rear of the vehicle

provision is made for stowage of the vehicle batteries,
ammunition, NBC equipments, drinking water and other
equipment peculiar to the role. The fuel tank is formed at the
extreme rear of the vehicle.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

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SCORPION (FIGHTING SERIES) HULL FLOOR DIAGRAM

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ACCESS DETAILS

1. Transmission compartment has ------2 louvers hatches.

2. Engine compartment has -------2 louvers hatches.
3. Driver’s compartment has -------1 pivot able hatch.
4. Fighting compartment has -------2 hatches doors.

OTHER EQUIPMENT FITTING

1. Wiper motor.
2. Main gun securing bracket.
3. Central warning system (CWS).
4. Lifting/suspension eyes.

NOTE: -There are four (4) eyes, situated one at approximately

each corner of the top of the hull. The eyes provide attachment
point for parachute pack and also serve as lifting eyes.

5. Driver has fixed periscope with one periscope for night driving.
6. Gunner periscope x2 with fixed one.
7. Commander periscope x7 with fixed one.
8. Stowage’s for crew.
9. Towing and lashing eyes.

NOTE: - Three towing/lashing eyes are provided; two is welded to

the front of the hull and one centrally at the rear of the vehicle.

10. Smoke grenade discharger.

11. 10 lashing eyes: - five are formed on each wheel under the
vehicle to provide attachment point when carried by Charlie 130
or ship.
12. Portable fire extinguisher.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

INTERIOR FITTINGS DRENFH

1. Drinking water.
2. Heating and ventilation unit.

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3. Rubberized fuel tank.

4. Electrical operated fuel pump.
5. NBC unit.
6. Fuel filters x3

NOTE: - A drinking water tank is located in the right hand rear of

the fighting compartment. A clear plastic run-off pipe is secure
by a clip in the rear of the gunner’s position, the level of water
in the run- off pipe when stowed in the vertical position. An
extension pipe is attached to run-off pipe for filling purpose. A
plug is provided to close the pipe when not in use.

GENERAL DATA

DIMENSIONS

1. Length of gun front ------------------------ 4.39m.

2. Overall width ------------------------- 2.18m.
3. Width over track ------------------------ 2.13m.
4. Height to top of gunner’s periscope ---- 2.01m.
5. Length of track on ground ---------------- 2.49m.
6. Ground clearance ------------------------ 0.35m.
7. Battle weight ------------------------ 7,928kg.
8. Bridge classification ----------------------- 10 tons.
9. Air portability ------------------------ 2 vehicles per C130.

PERFORMANCE

1. Range of action (on road) ---------- 640km (with full tank).

2. Fuel consumption (on road) --------1.6km/liter at constant speed
of 48.3km/h.
3. Trench crossing -----------------------2.06m.
4. Vertical obstacle ----------------------500mm
5. Fording capability --------------------1.067m.
6. Idling speed ------------------------------ 500 – 600m.
7. Max speed on road --------------------- 72.4km/h.

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CAPACITIES

a. Fuel tank --------------------------- 423liters of AGO.

b. Engine sump ------------------------18liters of SAE 40.
c. Gear box oil -------------------------9.1liters of SAE 40.
d. Braking system --------------------- fill to capacity.
e. Steering system -------------------- fill to capacity.
f. Air cleaner -------------------------- 2.3liters of SAE 40.
g. Final drive -------------------------- 1.25liters of SAE 40.
h. Idler wheel hub -------------------- 0.3liter of SAE 40.
i. Rear wheel hub -------------------- 0.3liter of SAE 40.
j. .cooling system --------------------- 27liters of clean water and Al39
k. Drinking water ---------------------10.3liters of clean water.

ENIGINE DETAILS ON CVR (T) AND COMPARTMENT LAY OUT

Basically an engine may run on petrol or diesel. An engine that runs

petrol is known as spark ignition (S I) while an engine that runs diesel
is known as compression ignition (C I).

DEFINITION OF AN ENGINE: -An engine is a device that converts

chemical reaction into heat energy and from heat energy to
mechanical energy; this in turn provides power to propel the vehicle
or any accessories attached to it.

OBJECT OF AN ENGINE:-

It provides power to propel the vehicle and any accessories attached

to it.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

DESCRIPITON

TYPE OF ENGINE MOUNTED ON SCRPION CVR (T)

M 16 TWIN CAM LIQUID COOLED 6 CYLINDER IN LINE HIGHLY

COMPUTERIZED 3.8LTRS, SEALED TURBO CHARGED DIESEL ENGINE.

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NOTE: - The free end of engine is towards the fighting

compartment and the drive end is towards the transmission.

MODIFICATION NUMBER

a. M 16 ---------------------------Model.
b. Twin cam -------------------- Two over Head Cam Shaft.
c. wac6 cylinders ------------------- 6 cylinders in line.
d. Liquid cooled ----------------water.
e. 3.8liters ---------------------- cylinders bore.
f. Turbo charger ---------------Give rapid worm up of engine and
remove heat.
g. Diesel engine ---------------- it uses diesel for it function.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

ENGINE COMPARTMENT LAY OUT

a. Header tank.
b. Air cleaner.
c. Engine management unit or electronic control unit (ECU).
d. Air charger cooler.
e. Engine oil dip stick.
f. Exhaust pipe.
g. Engine oil breather.
h. Gear box oil filter.
i. Gear box oil filter/breather.
j. Alternator.
k. Engine oil filter.
l. Turbo charger.

Operation of control: - Tachometer

CONFIRMATION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

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LOOK FORWARD

HULL AND TURRET DETAILS SCORPION CVR (T)

DESCRIPTION

The hulls and turret are of welded water proof construction. Entry to
the vehicle is via the driver’s hatch in the front of the hull, or via the
commander’s hatch in the turret roof.

DRIVER’S ACCESS HATCH

The driver’s access hatch is mounted on a pivoting and lifting unit to

the left of the access aperture. The lifting gear tube contains a coiled
spring the spring lifts the hatch to permit it to be opened. When
opened, the hatch is swung to the left until locked by a retaining
catch. In the closed position the door is secured by a catch to prevent
the door from being opened from outside.

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TO OPEN:

a. Disengage the catch.

b. Push the door upwards and pivot to the left.
c. Swing to the left until locks securely.

TO CLOSE:

a. Released the retaining catch.

b. Rotate the door, at the same time pulling downwards against the
spring.
c. Fully close the door.
d. Engage the catch.

DRIVER’S PERISCOPE

The driver’s periscope is mounted in the hull roof forward of the

driver’s access hatch and is secured in the mounting by two hinged
blocks locating under lugs on the periscope. The knurled screws
ensure that the periscope is locked in position. A roller blind is
provided for use in blackout condition.

TO REMOVE THE PERISCOPE

a. Slacken the securing screws.

b. Support the periscope and swing the blocks forward to clear
the lugs.
c. Lower the periscope and sealing gasket.

TO REPLACE THE PERISCOPE

a. Check the presence and condition of sealing gasket.

b. Swing the blocks forward.
c. Insert the periscope.
d. Support the periscope and engage the block.
e. Tighten both screws evenly.

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DRIVER’S SEAT

The driver’s seat is adjustable for height and in a forward or rearward

direction; the back rest angle is adjustable.

TO ADJUST THE SEAT TO FRONT AND BACK

Incline the upper lever of the two at the front of the seat to the left
and slide the seat in the required direction. Released the catch and
ensure that the seat is locked. After adjustment ensure the full travel
of the steering levers is obtainable.

TO ADJUST THE SEAT FOR HEIGHT

Incline the bottom lever to the left, adjust the body weight until the
required position us obtained.

TO ADJUST THE ANGLE OF THE BACK REST

Lean heavily against the back rest, release the catch on the right rear
of the seat cushion, or rearward as desired. A lever at the rear
permits the back rest to be lowered by crew members to allow the
driver to pass into the rear compartment.

SIGHT SPRAY SYSTEM

Spray systems are provided for the commander’s and gunner’s sight
periscope. The systems are similar, having a plastic reservoir, a
plunger type pump connected by plastic piping to spray nozzles
adjacent to the head of each instrument.

Check the contents of the reservoir frequently. Top up with clean

water, when frost precautions are in operation top up with a mixture
of one third mentholated and two thirds water.

NOTE: -Do not use the wipers on a dry surface. Use the spray
system before operating the wipers.

COMMANDER’S AND GUNNER’S ACCESS HATCHES

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The commander’s and gunner’s hatches are of similar design. The

hatch closes to tension a coiled spring which assist in opening the
hatch aperture has two rotating catch handles on the turret roof
which lock the doors in the closed position. When in the open
position, the hatches are secured by a spring-loaded catch operated
from inside the turret.

TO CLOSE

a. Ensure the hatch catch handles are turned outwards.

b. Pull the catch handle to release the hatch.
c. Close the hatch.
d. Secured by turning the two catches.

TO OPEN

a. Turn both catch handles outwards.

b. Push the hatch open filly to engage the catch.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

COMMANDER’S AND GUNNER’S SEAT

The commander’s and gunner’s seat are similar in design and consist
of a seat on a spring loaded pillar. A catch on each pillar provides for
the seat to be adjusted for height by lifting up on the catch below the
seat and using body weight to control the rate of adjustment.

DRINKING WATER TANK

A drinking water tank is located in the right hand rear of the fighting
compartment. A clear plastic run-off pipe is secured by a clip in the
rear of the gunner’s position. The level of water in the tank is
indicated by the height of water in the run-off pipe when stowed in
the vertical position. An extension pipe is attached to the run-off pipe

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for filling purposes. A plug is provided to close the pipe when not in
use.

On later vehicles the tank is located at the rear of turret and filled
through filler which is accessible through the commander’s hatch. Run
off pipes incorporating taps are located adjacent to the commander’s
and gunner’s positions.

ENGINE COVERS

The two louvered covers are to provide access to the engine

compartment. The covers can be locked in the closed position. The
louvered permit the escape of cooling air from the compartment.

TRANSMISSON COVER:

The two louvered covers are locked to the compartment cover, the
louvered permit air to be drawn by the cooling fan into the
compartment.

STOWAGE CONTAINERS:

Stowage containers are provided externally on the left side of the hull
and on the side and rear of the turret.

SMOKE GRENADE DISCHARGERS

Two multi-barreled grenade dischargers are fitted, one on each front

corner of the turret. The dischargers are fired electrically by means of
push buttons adjacent to the commander’s position.

ACCESS PLATES

Access plates for the following components are secured by bolts to the
hull bottom plate and are removed when required to drain the
components.

a. Gear box.
b. Engine sump.
c. Coolant

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ANY QUE CHECK QUE

LIFTING/PARACHUTE SUSPENSION EYES

There are four (4) eyes, situated one at approximately corner of the
top of the hull. The eyes provide attachment point for the parachute
pack and also serve as lifting eyes.

TOWING AND LASHING EYES

Three (3) towing/lashing eyes are provided, two welded to the front of
the hull and one centrally at the rear. Lashing eyes are formed, one in
each suspension bracket.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

CONFIRMATION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

LOOK FORWARD

Prepared by: - Sgt Aminu A

FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT SCORPION CVR(T)

LINK UP

INTROCTION: -

Due to the moving parts of engine, which generate heat and it may
result to fire outbreak, in order to combat the fire outbreak, the
maker decided to provide the firefighting equipment to scorpion
CVR(T).

AIM: -

The aim of this lesson is to teach the A1 C/M recce Auto students the
firefighting equipment as fitted to scorpion CVR (T).

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OBJECTIVE: -

At the end of this lesson the students of recce auto will have a sound
knowledge on the firefighting equipment, the object, the type, the
location, components, and action in the event of fire as regard to
scorpion CVR (T).

OBJECT: - To enable the crew to combat any fire outbreak both

internally and externally.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

DESCRIPTION

a. TYPE: - Universal expendable fire extinguisher.(Big and small

potable cylinder)
b. LOCATION: - Three universal expendable fire extinguishers are
conveniently placed on the vehicle for use in the portable role.
One located on the left hand side of hull beam exterior, one
onthe right rear of the exterior and the other is located top of
left side of the turret interior.
c. CAPACITY: -

COMPONENTS OF BIG PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

1. Cylinder or body: - it contains the CO².

2. Liquid content.
3. Safety pin.
4. Spraying nozzle.
5. Operating trigger.

COMPONENTS OF SMALL PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

1. Cylinder body.
2. Liquid content.
3. Striker knob.
4. Mounting bracket.
5. Spraying nozzle.

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ANY QUE CHECK QUE

HOW TO COMBAT FIRE OUTBREAK (in the case of all fire)

a. Stop the vehicle.

b. Switch off the engine.
c. Alert other crew by shouting fire, indicating the direction of fire.
d. The senior person will take charge of the firefighting operation
and direct it according to the nature of the fire.

To use a potable extinguisher (Big cylinder)

1. Remove the extinguisher from its location.

2. Take suitable position before operating the fire extinguisher.
3. Remove the safety pin and direct the spraying nozzle to the
base of the fire at 45º and pressing the operating trigger until
the fire is out.
4. After combating the fire, open all the louvers to allow the
fume or smoke to escape.

To use a portable extinguisher (small cylinder)

1. Take up the most suitable position for fighting the fire before
operating the extinguisher.
2. Strike the striker knob on a hard surface.
3. From a position as near the fire as possible direct the spray
first at the seat of the nearest flames, sweeping from side to
side progressing the spray over the fire area, leaving no flame
behind it.
4. During the whole operation the extinguisher must be held
head downward until empty. The body may be tilted through
an angle of up to 45º out of the vertical. The rate of discharge
cannot be controlled, so that once the discharge start the
extinguisher will empty completely.

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SERVINCING

PORTABLE EXTINGUISHER

a. Remove each extinguisher from its bracket and inspect it for

damage. Shake it to ensure the presence of liquid contents.
b. Check that each extinguisher is fully charged by applying thumb
pressure to the white spot on top. If the spot remain domed
inwards, the extinguisher must be changed (Early type).
c. Check that the discharge nozzle is not obstructed.
d. Check the mounting bracket for serviceability before replacing
the extinguisher.
e. Check the operation of the securing strap.

NOTE: -The extinguishers are sealed and the sticker heads

cannot be unscrewed.

Warning: -

a. The contents of the extinguisher is toxic, the crew’s must

not entre the vehicle until the fumes have dispersed.
b. When in use, keep the spray away from face and eyes.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

OPERATION OF CONTROL

Operating trigger (For big cylinder)

CONFIRMATION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

LOOK FORWARD

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LUBRICATION SYSTEM SCORPION CVR (T)

LINK UP

1. INTRODUTION: - The engine is classified into moving and non-

moving components. In order to produce power to propelled the
vehicle. And there is tendency that this moving component rubs
each order as they move and defiantly cause friction, heat and
wear which may cut short of life span of the engine and if care is
not taking. Because of that the maker decided to incorporate the
lubrication system to counter the friction, heat and wears.
2. AIM: - The aim of this lesson is to teach A1 C/M recce Auto students
the lubrication system fitted to Scorpion CVR (T).

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3. OBJECTIVE: - At the end of this lesson, the student will have a

sound knowledge of lubrication system it’s object, type, capacity,
location components, action, op of control, svc, and detection and
remedy of simple faults as regard to scorpion CVR (T).
4. OBJECTS: -
a. To maintain a thin film of oil between all frictional surface
thereby reducing friction and wear.
b. To prevent metal to metal contact between all moving
components and reduces friction.
c. To prolong the life of the vehicle.
d. To prevents formation of harmful deposit within the engine
working parts.
e. Assist in carry away heat from working parts.

5. DESCRIPTION: -
(a) TYPE: - wet sump type.
(b) CAPACITY: - 18Liters of SAE 40.
(c) LOCATION: -Located within the engine compartment.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

COMPONENTS: -

a. Oil sump: -It is of press steel type bolted to the crank case. It
serves as reservoir to the system and also house buffer plate which
prevent oil surge.
b. OIL PUMP: -It is located inside sump. It sends oil under pressure to
the working parts.
c. OIL FILTER: -It is bolted to the left hand side of the engine and is a
full flow disposable paper element type, it ensures clean filtration
of the oil before going into the working parts of engine.
d. OIL STRAINER: -It is located within the sump and it is where the
first filtration takes place.

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e. BREATHER: -It is located within the engine, the breather release

excess pressure from the engine.
f. OIL FILLER NECK/CAP: - It is located at the valve cover and it is use
to cover the filler hole also where to fill in the 18 liters of SAE 40.
g. OIL DIP STICK: -It is located in the engine compartment and it has a
marked low and high and it serve as a unit of measurement to the
system.
h. MAIN OIL GALLERY: - They are routes where oil passes from the
sump to the engine working parts.
i. HEAT EXCHANGER: -It secures by straps to the right hand side of
the engine below and cools both the engine and gearbox oil.
j. CENTRAL WARNING SYETEM (CWS): -It is located outside by the left
hand side of the hull. It has three lights which serve as an
instrument panel when driving in head up position. And it control
by fuse 10A located inside the instrument panel.
k. OIL DRAIN PLUG: - It is located below the sump which provides
access for draining out the oil during servicing.
l. OIL PRESSURE SENDER UNIT: - It sends a message to the instrument
panel on the working condition of the system, should the oil level
drops.
m. OIL WARNING LIGHT: - (Gives no indication of oil level). The oil
pressure warning light on the instrument panel will glow when, for
any reason, the pressure drops. It will light up when engine is
stationary and will go out when the engine has started and the oil
pressure has built up to exceed.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

OPERATION OF CONTROLS

a. Oil warning light (located in the instrument panel).

b. CWS (Central warning system).

NOTE: - Oil warning lamp should light when hull master and
ignition switches are put on before the engine. The lamp should
go out when the engine is running.

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CAUSES OF OIL WARNING LIGHT REMAIN ON WHEN THE ENGINE RUNS

ABOVE ITS IDLING SPEED

a. Low oil level.

b. Serious leakage.
c. Faulty oil filter.
d. Faulty oil pump.
e. Faulty heat exchanger.

PROPERTY OF GOOD ENGINE OIL

1. HIGH FLASH POINT: - Must not vaporize or give combustibles

gases until a very high temperature is reach. This must to be in
high temperature and that is in encountered within the engine
2. LOW FREEZING POINT: - This must not thicken or solidify until
very low temperature is reach.
3. GUMMINESS: - It must not be sticky or gumming.
4. VISCOSITY: - This is ability of the oil to flow freely and therefore
an indication of thickness of the film which is given oil can be
maintained.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DRY SUMP AND WET SUMP

a. WET SUMP: - When the engine is switch off, the oil within the
engine working parts will drop down under the influence of
gravity back to the sump.
b. DRY SUMP: -In the dry sump as soon as the engine is switch off,
the oil will remain within the engine and oil galleries or in the
separate container and this has three major advantages when
apply to AFV.

ADVANTAGES OF DRY SUMP OVER WET SUMP

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1. More oil can be carried because the oil tank can be placed in the
most convenient position. If more oil is carried better oil cooled
can be achieve whilst maintain the correct supply to the engine.
2. The oil supply can be efficiently maintained over varying angle,
this is particularly important when driving in cross-country with
amour vehicle.
3. Dry sump system are always designed in such away to remove air
from oil supply, with these better lubrication and higher oil
pressure will be achieved.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

ACTION

With the engine running the oil is send under pressure from the oil
sump by the oil pump to the heat exchanger for cooling then passes
through the oil filter and to the working parts of the engine and back
to the sump for re-circulation.

SUMP PUMP HEAT EXCHANGER OIL FILTER

WORKING PARTS SUMP

SERVICING

Initial servicing

If the engine covers up to 500 - 3000 miles or 12 months change

engine oil and filters.

Daily: -

(i) Check the oil level and top up if necessary.

(ii) Check for leaks.

To check the oil level (During first parade)

With the vehicle on level ground:

1. Open the access cover.

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2. Withdraw the dipstick, wipe it, and re-insert it, ensuring that it
goes down fully. Withdraw again and check the level.
3. Add oil if necessary to the “HIGH” mark.
4. Close and secure the access cover.

To check the oil level (during hot parade)

1. Position the vehicle on level ground.

2. Switch off the engine and wait at least one minute.
3. Check the oil level as per first parade and top up if necessary.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

DETECTION AND REMEDY OF SIMPLE FAULT

s/no Fault Probable Remedy

course
1. Engine is running Low oil
Stop, switch off.
above idling speed pressurea. Check oil
and oil warning lamp level and top
comes up. up if
necessary.
b. Check for
leaks. And
report any
defects.
CONFIRMATION/SUMMARY/CONCLUSION/LOOK FORWARD

COOLING SYSTEM SCORPION CVR (T)

LINK UP

INTRODUCTION: -In the previous lesson it was seen that one of the
object of lubrication system was to minimizing friction it reduced and
remove excessive heat. Since, however, the CI engine relies upon heat
for its source of power; the lubrication system is in itself insufficient
for this. Therefore, a separate cooling system is incorporate on the
engine.

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AIM: - The aim of this lesson is to teach A1 C/M recce Auto students
the cooling system as fitted to Scorpion CVR (T).

OBJECTIVE: - It is expected that at the end of this lesson, students will

have a sound knowledge of cooling system. It’s Object, Type,
Components, Action, Servicing and Detection and remedy of Simple
faults.

OBJECT: - To carry away excessive heat produced by the engine

during combustion and to maintains the engine at its most efficient
working temperature.

ANY QUESTIONS CHECK QUESTIONS

DESCRIPTION

a. TYPE: - Liquid cooled sealed pump assisted.

b. CAPACITY: - 27Liters of clean water with AL 39.
c. LOCATION: -Located within the engine compartment and in the
instrument panel.

METHOUD OF HEAT TRANSFER

a. RADIATION: - This is the transfer of heat through or across the

space.
b. CONDUCTOR: - The transfer of heat through solid object or
material.
c. CONVECTION: - The transfer of heat through liquid or gas.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

COMPONENTS

1. HEADER TANK: -located on the engine compartment bulkhead. And

where to fill in the system.
2. RADIATOR: - (Gilled tube single pass type) It provides a large surface
area from where heat is radiated into space. And also act as a
reservoir to the system with the capacity of 27liters of clean water.

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NOTE: - The radiator is mounted over the gear box and pivots on
glands to open forwards. The radiator glands incorporated valves
which seal off the radiator from the rest of the system when the
radiator is raised.

WARNING: -The engine must not run with the radiator raised,
otherwise overheating will occur.

3. AIR BLEED VENTS: - Two air bleed vents is provided to remove air
from the system during re-filling. The vents are located one at each
rear corner of radiator.
4. HEAT EXCHANGER: - The heat exchanger is located on the right
hand side of the engine and receives coolant from the radiator
when the thermostat is open before passing it to the coolant pump
for re-circulation. The object of the heat exchanger is primarily to
extract excess heat from the engine and gear box oil.
5. COOLANT PUMP: - (Centrifugal vane impeller) to circulate coolant
(water) within the system under pressure.
6. THERMOSTART: - (Wax element type) the thermostat is fitted to
control the temperature of the coolant within the engine. The
thermostat has an opening temperature of 82ºc and is fully open at
95ºc.The thermostat when fully open positively closes the by-pass
to the coolant pump.
7. CYLINDER WATER JACKET: -It is a water passages within the engine
surrounding all the piston, liners, valve guides etc water also passes
through the cylinder head and cylinder block.
8. COOLANT FAN: - (Mixed flow type) it house in cowling in the
bulkhead between the engine and transmission compartments. The
fan is driven by an internally toothed belt from a pulley on the gear
box input. The fan draws air through the transmission compartment
covers through the radiator and passes it around the engine
compartment to be expelled through the engine compartment
louvered.
9. COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSING SWITCH: - The coolant
temperature sensing switch is inserted into the coolant jacket of

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the induction manifold and is connected electrically to a red

warning light on the instrument panel. If the coolant temperature is
excessive it will illuminates the warning light. The circuit will re-set
when the temperature drop to normal. The circuit is protected by
the fuse marked INS on the instrument panel.
10. PIPE AND HOSE: -It is used to connect the inlet and outlet of the
radiator to the engine cylinder block outlet and pump inlet.
11. WATER DRAIN TAP: - It is where to drain the unwanted water during
servicing which is accessible after removal of the access plate in the
hull.

OPERATION OF CONTROL: - Coolant temperature warning light

CAUSES OF ENGINE OVER HEAT

1. Faulty coolant pump.

2. Broken fan belt/Fan Blade.
3. Low coolant level in the system.
4. Leakages from the system.
5. Air passage block.
6. Defective thermostat.
7. Dirty radiator.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

ACTION (When cold)

The pump draws coolant from the induction manifold and pumps it
into the engine. The coolant rises and passes from the induction
manifold to the thermostat and back to the pump.

ACTION (When hot)

The pump draws coolant from the radiator via the heat exchanger
and pumps it into the engine. The coolant rises within the engine

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and passes through the inlet manifold to the thermostat and back to
the radiator for re-circulation.

SERVICING

Daily: - check the level of coolant and top up if necessary.

DETECTION AND REMEDY OF FAULT

S/NO FAULT CAUSES REMEDY

1. Engine over 1. Low coolant 1. Top up the
heat level. coolant.
2. Dirty radiator. 2. Change
3. Leakage in the coolant.
system. 3. Report to
LAD.

CONFIRMATION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

LOOK FORWARD

FUEL SYSTEM SCORPION CVR (T)

LINK UP:

INTRODUCTION: -

As was seen in the lesson on engine, the engine depends on mixture

fuel and air for its power.

AIM:

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To teach the A1 C/M recce Auto class the fuel system fitted to
Scorpion CVR (T).

OBJECTIVE:

At the end of the lesson the students will have a sound knowledge of
fuel system as fitted to Scorpion CVR (T), the object, type,
components, and operation of control, servicing and detection and
remedy of faults.

DEFINITION OF FUEL SYSTEM

Fuel is any material that produces heat or power, usually when it is

burnt e.g. coal, wood, gas, alcohol, petrol, diesel, kerosene, etc.
While fuel system is that part of a vehicle that delivers fuel to the
engine so that it can operate.

OBJECTS: -

1. To provide storage for sufficient of fuel to enable vehicle to

covers a reasonable distance without replenishing.
2. To provide the means of delivering the fuel from the tank to the
injector as and when required.

DESCRIPTION

a. TYPE: -Single tank type.

b. CAPACITY: - 423liters of AGO.
c. LOCATION: -Located at the rear end of fighting compartment.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

COMPONENTS

1. FUEL TANK: - Fuel tank is formed in the rear of the fighting

compartment. A nylon reinforced synthetic rubber bag is
inserted into the tank to contain the 423liters of AGO. And there
is no provision for draining the tank.

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2. FUEL FILLER CAP: - (Clamp type) A quick action filler cap is

located on the top of the hull at the left hand rear corner to
cover the fuel filler hole.
3. FUEL BREATHER: - A breather pipe connected to the filler neck
passes across the inside of hull and terminates in a needle type
vent valve at the hull rear to remove excess pressure from the
system.
4. FUEL PUMP (Electrical lifted type) Located inside the fighting
compartment under the fuel filters. It is controlled by the
ignition switch which pumps fuel under pressure to the injector.
5. FUEL FILTERS: - There is three (3) fuel filters located inside the
fighting compartment by the right hand side of gunner seat. It
filters the fuel before going to the system.
a. Fuel receiver (hand primer).
b. Fuel water separator.
c. Fuel filter.
6. FUEL GAUGE: -It is located on the instrument panel. And is
calibrated in ¼ tank divisions I.e (E - ¼ - ½ - ¾) and it will
register when the both the master switch and ignition switch are
put to “ON” which is used to give an approximate reading of fuel
tank content during driving.
7. FUEL DRAIN TAP: -It is located at the rear of the hull to disallow
the water going to the fuel tank.
8. FUEL PIPE LINE: -It is a passage of fuel from the tank to the
injector.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN WHEN FUELLING

a. Switch-off the vehicle

b. Earth the vehicle
c. Fuel 100m away from radar station
d. Do not use plastic container.
e. Avoid naked flame

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f. Do not smoke sign should be display.

ACTION

When the main switch, battery master switch and ignition switch is
put to “ON” position the fuel pump activate and draws fuel from the
fuel tank and passes through the fuel water separator then to the
fuel main filter and pumped to the injector nozzle as when
required.

OPERATION OF CONTROLS: -Fuel gauge

SERVICING

Daily check:

a. Check the fuel level

b. Check for leakages.

HOW TO FILL THE FUEL TANK

(If filling from cans fit the special filler attachment)

1. Switch off all unnecessary electrical equipments.

2. Earth the vehicle.
3. Travers the turret to gain access to the filler.
4. Swing the locking plate clear. Unscrew and remove the fuel filler
cap. Ensure that the point washer is not misplaced and do not
remove the filler filter (if fitted).
5. Fill the tank.
6. Put main switch, battery master switch and ignition switch to
“ON” and check that the fuel gauge registers full.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

DETECTION AND REMEDY OF SIMPLE FAULT

S/NO FAULT CAUSES REMEDY

1. Engine fail a. Low fuel level. a. Refill.
to start b. Empty tank. b. Refill.

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c. Blocked pipe line. c. Report to LAD.

d. Broken pipe line. d. Report to LAD.
e. Faulty fuel filter. e. Report to LAD.
f. Faulty fuel pump. f. Report to LAD.
g. Faulty fuel g. Report to LAD,
receiver (primer).

CONFIRMATION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

LOOK FORWARD

SCORPION CVR (T) AIR CLEANER

LINK UP

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INTRODUCTION: -Engine depends on air as well as gasoline for

combustion since air is required. The air need to be properly clean
before going to the engine for combustion.

AIM: -The aim of this lesson is to teach the class the air cleaner as
fitted to the Scorpion CVR (T).

OBJECTIVE: -At the end of the lesson, students of A1 C/M Auto course
will acquaint to the object, type, action, servicing, detection and
remedy of simple faulty as it affect air cleaner fitted in Scorpion CVR
(T).

OBJECT: -To thoroughly clean the air that is to be used for

combustion and prevent the dust and grit entering the engine and
causing damage and wear.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

TYPE OF AIR FILTERS CONVENTIONALLY

 Pleated paper filter element (paper)

 Oil wetted polyurethane foam element(foam)
 Oil cotton gauze (cotton)
 Oil bath air cleaners

DESCRIPTION

a. TYPE: -Oil bath type ( for Scorpion CVR (T))

b. CAPACITY: -2.3 liter of SAE 40
c. LOCATION: -Located at the right hand side of the engine sealed
to pannier secure by a gasket and with a polish aluminum
reflector plate and asbestos sheet which insulate air cleaner
from engine heat.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

COMPONENTS

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a. AIR CLEANER AIR INLET: -It is a passage air from the atmosphere too
the air cleaner.
b. AIR CLEANER BODY: - It houses the internal components of the air
cleaner except cover and air trucking.
c. DETACHABLE COVER: - It covers the main body of air cleaner.
d. AIR CLEANER GASKET: - It provides a tight seal between the body
and the cover.
e. WIRE WOOL ELEMENTS: -It is located inside the air cleaner body.
And it doses the final filtration.
f. PERFORATED X2: -It is located inside the air cleaner body under the
wire wool elements. It prevents oil surging or splashing.
g. OIL CONTAINER: - It serves as a reservoir that contains the 2.3liters
of SAE 40.
h. AIR OUT LET: -It is a passage of clean air into the turbo charger.
i. AIR TRUCKING: - It connects the air cleaner to the turbo charger.
j. PIONEER: -Where the air cleaner is mounted.
k. TURBO CHARGER: -It use to heat up the air and at the same time
blow the air.
l. AIR CHARGE: -It maintains the warm up of the system or air.

M. POLISHED ALUMINUM REFLECTOR SHEET: - It serves as an insulator

between the engine and air cleaner. And which prevent heat
produced by the engine been transmitted to the air cleaner.

NOTE: -The condition of the polished surface should be checked

and clean if necessary.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

ACTION

With the engine running air from the atmosphere get into the air
cleaner intake, where heavier particles are trapped in the oil
container and final filtration take place in the wire wool element,
while the clean air passes to the turbo charger where the clean air is
been heated up and passes through the air charge which warm up the

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air and finally get into the air intake chamber where the fuel and air
has been mixed for combustion.

SERVICING

1. Check the security of the air cleaner and the mounting.

2. Check the nature of the polished aluminum reflector sheet and
clean it.
3. Check the air intake pipe for damage.

HOW TO CHANGE OIL

a. Position the vehicle on the level ground.

b. Switch off the main and battery master switch.
c. Open the engine compartment louvers.
d. Slacken the hose clip.
e. Unscrew the six bolt and nuts and remove the cover.
f. Lift out the elements.
g. Lift out the oil container and remove the dampers.
h. Examine all the parts and the oil. If they are clean, allow the oil
to settle then top up to the lever mark if necessary.

NOTE:-It is important that the level of oil in the container should

be within the indicated level mark with the damper in
position, and this tolerance must not be exceeded to
ensure satisfactory operation of the cleaner. To fulfill
these conditions, the container should be placed in level
position when filling.

i. If the parts are dirty, pour away the old oil and wash them with
gasoline. Flush the element with clean gasoline.
j. Position the dampers in the oil container and fill to the correct
level, then replace the oil container in the body.
k. Replace the elements, ensuring that the gasket is undamaged.
l. Replace the cover and progressively tighten the screws.
m. Correctly position the hose and tighten the hose clip.

ANY QUE CHECK QUE

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Air cleaner cover and main body

DETECTION AND REMEDY OF FAULTS

S/NO FAULT CAUSES REMEDY
1. Black a. Partial a. Check and remove
smoke blockage. blockage.
coming out b. High oil level, b. Change oil to
from the or correct level, or
exhaust. Dirty air clean the air
cleaner. cleaner.

CONFIRMATION
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
LOOK FORWARD

Prepared by: - Sgt Gbonjubola Moshood

BATTERIES AND DISTRIBUTION BOX SCORPION CVR (T)

LINK UP

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INTRODUCTION: -

Most electrical components rely upon a source of current for their

operation. As will be seen in the subsequent lesson, this vehicle
contains a number of electrical components, each of which requires a
source of electrical power for their operation i.e. the Generating
system, the lighting system, etc.

AIM: -

To teach the A1 C/M recce Auto student the battery and distribution
box fitted to scorpion CVR (T).

OBJECTIVE: -

At the end of this lesson the students will have a sound knowledge
about the battery and distribution box its components, object, type,
operation of control, detection and remedy of fault.

DEFINATION OF TERMS

1. BATTERY: -Is a two or more cells connecting together to produce

voltage.
2. CELL: -Is an independent unit capable of produced 2 volts of
electromotive force.

OBEJECTS: -

1. To provide electrical current to all electrical components on the

vehicle when the engine is not running.
2. To provide initial current to start the engine.

DESCRIPTION

a. TYPE: -Lead acid type connected in series.

b. CAPACITY: -4 x 12v 100 AHC
c. LOCATION: -Located on the hull floor in the fighting compartment,
two are automotive batteries and two for turret/radio batteries
supply.

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ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

COMPONENTS

a. BATTERY CASING: -It housed all the component of the battery

b. FILLER CAP: -It seals the filler hole of the battery to prevent
electrolyte spillage.
c. VENT HOLE: -It permits excess gases to escape during charging.
d. TERMINALS: -For easy and connection to the lead.
e. SEPARATORS: -It separate negative and positive plate and act as
an insulator to the plate.
f. CELL: -Is an independent unit capable of producing 2 volts of
electromotive force when required.
g. ELECTROLYTE: -A mixture of sulphuric acid and distilled water.
h. LEADS: -For correct connection of negative and positive to the
terminals.
i. SEDIMENT SPACE: -Where unwanted particles settled. And a
space between the plate and bottom of the battery cells.
j. BRIDGE PIECE: -It connects the two adjacent cells in series.
k. FILLER HOLE: -Where to filling the electrolyte.
l. CARRYING HANDLE: -For easy moving of the batter.

ANY QUESTION CHECK QUESTION

RECOGNITIONS OF BATTERY TERMINALS

1. BY SIZE: -The Positive terminal is bigger than the Negative

terminal.
2. BY SIGN: -The Positive have a sign of (+). While the Negative
have a sign of (-).
3. BY COLOUR: -The Positive has a red color while the Negative is
usually blue/ black/green.

TYPE OF BATTERY CONNECTION

a. Series connection.

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b. Parallel connection.
c. Series/ parallel connection.

Series connection

To connect cell in series the positive terminal of a cell is connected to

the negative terminal of another cell and so on.

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NOTE:

When the battery is connected in series

i. The total voltage of 1 battery is multiplied by the number of

battery in row i.e. 12v x 3 = 36v
ii. The AHC of battery is as long as it of only one battery it remains
1 AHC i.e. 57 x 1 = 57 AHC. It constant.

Parallel connection

To connect cells in parallel all the positive terminals are connected

together and all the negative terminals are also connected together.

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