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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The following pictograph shows the number of bicyclists who participated in the Labor Day weekend bicycle race for the
years 2003-2009. Use the graph to answer the question.

1) In what year did the greatest number of cyclists participate?

A) 1996 B) 2009 C) 1997 D) 2007
Answer: B

2) What was the greatest number of cyclists to participate in any one year?
A) 50 cyclists B) 100 cyclists C) 20 cyclists D) 120 cyclists
Answer: D

3) How many cyclists participated in 2003?

A) 65 cyclists B) 90 cyclists C) 50 cyclists D) 100 cyclists
Answer: B

4) Approximate the total number of cyclists who participated in 2005 and 2006.
A) 160 cyclists B) 140 cyclists C) 130 cyclists D) 150 cyclists
Answer: D

5) In what year did 85 cyclists participate?

A) 2008 B) 2003 C) 2004 D) 2009
Answer: A

6) In what years was there a decline in the number of cyclists who participated in the race?
A) 2004, 2006 B) 2005, 2008, 2009
C) 2004, 2006, 2007 D) 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008
Answer: C

7) In what years was there an increase in the number of cyclists who participated in the race?
A) 2004, 2005, 2009 B) 2005, 2008, 2009 C) 2003, 2005, 2009 D) 2004, 2006, 2007
Answer: B

1
 8) What was the increase in the number of participants from 2004 to 2005?
A) 40 cyclists B) 45 cyclists C) 35 cyclists D) 30 cyclists
Answer: C

The bar graph shows the number of tickets sold each week by the garden club for their annual flower show.

9) During which week was the most number of tickets sold?

A) week 2 B) week 5 C) week 1 D) week 4
Answer: D

10) During which week was the fewest number of tickets sold?
A) week 6 B) week 2 C) week 4 D) week 5
Answer: B

11) How many tickets were sold during week 5?

A) 11 tickets B) 40 tickets C) 46 tickets D) 19 tickets
Answer: B

12) During which week were 19 tickets sold?

A) week 1 B) week 6 C) week 2 D) week 3
Answer: B

13) How many more tickets were sold during week 6 than week 2?
A) 8 tickets B) 30 tickets C) 18 tickets D) 13 tickets
Answer: A

14) How many tickets were sold in all?

A) 215 tickets B) 195 tickets C) 105 tickets D) 205 tickets
Answer: D

2
The bar graph shows the expenditures of one city government in a recent year.

15) Name the agency with the smallest spending and estimate this value.
A) Human Resources; $24.2 million B) Health; $5.4 million
C) Environment; $3.2 million D) All Other Agencies; $8.2 million
Answer: C

16) Name the agency whose spending is between $3 million and $4 million and estimate its value.
A) Environment; $3.2 million B) Fire; $3.2 million
C) Environment; $4.3 million D) Fire; $4.3 million
Answer: A

17) How much more is spent on Health than on Fire?

A) $2.4 million B) $1.1 million C) $2.6 million D) $4.3 million
Answer: B

3
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Use the information given to draw a vertical bar graph. Clearly label the bars on the graph shown below.
18) Entree Choices of Customers During One Week

Entree Number of Customers

Grilled Salmon 35
Chicken Salad 40
Beef Stew 30
Ham Pie 45
Bacon Burger 38
Cheese Pizza 22

Answer:
Entree Choices of Customers During One Week

40
30
20
10

4
 19) Visitors of Jazz Festival

Year Visitors (in thousands)

1981 12
1991 17
2001 20
2003 23

Answer:
Visitors of Jazz Festival
25
20
15
10
5

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The histogram shows the scores of each participant in a game from a total of 100 participants.

20) How many participants scored 40-59?

A) 38 participants B) 3 participants C) 16 participants D) 25 participants
Answer: D

21) How many participants scored fewer than 40?

A) 18 participants B) 81 participants C) 43 participants D) 97 participants
Answer: A

5
 22) How many more participants scored 80-99 than 20-39?
A) 32 participants B) 4 participants C) 13 participants D) 16 participants
Answer: B

23) What is the ratio of participants who score 20-39 to the total number of participants?
1 19 3 25
A) B) C) D)
4 50 25 3
Answer: C

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

The list shows the scores for a basketball team. Use the list to complete the frequency distribution table and construct a
histogram.
24) 40 31 35 28 19
17 26 33 31 30
28 29 29 26 27

Class Intervals Tally Class Frequency

(Scores) (Number of Games)
10-19
20-29
30-39
40-49

Answer:

6
Twenty teenagers were asked to give their current savings account balances. Use the balances shown in the list to
complete the frequency distribution table and construct a histogram.
25) 499 1400 678 3123 3009
2299 692 2890 2159 1004
1234 900 2148 2377 2780
2550 1850 1049 1750 2289

Class Intervals Tally Class Frequency

(Account Balances) (Number of Teenagers)
$0-$499
$500-$999
$1000-$1499
$1500-$1999
$2000-$2499
$2500-$2999
$3000-$3499

7
Answer:

8
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The line graph shows the recorded hourly temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit at an airport.

26) At what time was the temperature the highest?

A) 11 a.m. B) 5 p.m. C) 2 p.m. D) 1 p.m.
Answer: D

27) At what time was the temperature its lowest?

A) 6 p.m. B) 9 a.m. C) 4 p.m. D) 1 p.m.
Answer: B

28) What temperature was recorded at 1 p.m.?

A) 80 ° F B) 81 ° F C) 77 ° F D) 79 ° F
Answer: D

29) During which hour did the temperature increase the most?
A) 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. B) 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. C) 12 p.m. to 1 p.m. D) 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.
Answer: D

30) At what time was the temperature 73°?

A) 9 a.m. B) 5 p.m.
C) 10 a.m. D) 10 a.m. and 11 a.m.
Answer: C

31) During which two hour period did the temperature increase the most?
A) 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. B) 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. C) 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. D) 10 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Answer: C

9
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

The double-line graph shows temperature highs and lows for a week.

32) What was the high temperature reading on Wednesday?

Answer: 89°F

33) On what day of the week was the difference between the high temperature and the low temperature the least?
What was this difference in temperature?
Answer: Friday; 3°F

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The circle graph shows the results of the student council presidential election. The complete circular area represents 100%
of the votes.
34)
Student Council President

Matt
22%
Ann
36% Jim
18%
Ben
24%

500 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

Who got the most votes?

A) Jim B) Ann C) Matt D) Ben
Answer: B

10
35)
Student Council President

Ted
22%
Ben
32% Gina
19%
Matt
27%

500 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

Who got the fewest votes?

A) Matt B) Ted C) Gina D) Ben
Answer: C

36)
Student Council President

Matt
20%
Ted
34% Ann
14%
Ming
32%

300 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

How many votes did Ted get?

A) 60 B) 96 C) 102 D) 42
Answer: C

11
37)
Student Council President

Gina
25%
Ming
29% Ann
20%
Ted
26%

400 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

Find the ratio of Ann's votes to Gina's votes.

20 4 1 5
A) B) C) D)
29 5 5 4
Answer: B

38)
Student Council President

Matt
20%
Ming
34% Lili
14%
Ben
32%

300 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

Find the ratio of Ming's votes to total votes cast.

17 50 33 17
A) B) C) D)
50 17 17 33
Answer: A

12
39)
Student Council President

Ming
22%
Ted
32% Ben
19%
Gina
27%

200 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

Who received the second most number of votes?

A) Ben B) Gina C) Ming D) Ted
Answer: B

40)
Student Council President

Ben
22%
Ming
35% Matt
17%
Gina
26%

300 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

What percent of the votes did Matt and Ben receive together?
A) 17% B) 61% C) 39% D) 22%
Answer: C

13
41)
Student Council President

Ben
25%
Claire
32% John
15%
Jason
28%

200 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

What percent of the votes did Ben NOT get?

A) 75% B) 72% C) 25% D) 68%
Answer: A

42)
Student Council President

Ming
25%
Jim
32% Ben
15%
Lili
28%

500 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

What percent of the votes did Ben NOT get?

A) 15% B) 72% C) 85% D) 68%
Answer: C

14
 43)
Student Council President

Matt
25%
Ted
29% Jim
20%
Ben
26%

700 total votes

The circle graph shows what percent of the vote each person received.

How many people voted for someone other than Ben?

A) 525 B) 560 C) 182 D) 518
Answer: D

The circle graph summarizes the results of a survey of the favorite movie category chosen by a group of adults.

44) 1800 adults answer the survey.

How many of the survey respondents said that they favor comedies? Round to the nearest whole.
A) 167 respondents B) 603 respondents C) 3350 respondents D) 481 respondents
Answer: B

45) 2400 adults answer the survey.

Find the ratio of number of respondents who favor others to those who favor comedies. Write the ratio as a
fraction with integers in the numerator and denominator.
2232 93 335 428
A) B) C) D)
335 335 93 335
Answer: B

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Fill in the table. Round to the nearest degree. Then draw a circle graph to represent the information given in the table.

15
46)
Shares of Stock Owned by an Investor
Type of Stock Percent of Shares Degrees in sector
Company A 40%
Company B 24%
Company C 36%

Answer:
Shares of Stock Owned by an Investor
Type of Stock Percent of Shares Degrees in sector
Company A 40% 144∘
Company B 24% 86∘
Company C 36% 130∘

47)
Favorite Sports Among a Group of Students
Sports Percent Degrees in Sector
Baseball 15%
Football 10%
Basketball 57%
Soccer 12%
Others 6%

16
 Answer:
Favorite Sports Among a Group of Students
Sports Percent Degrees in Sector
Baseball 15% 54°
Football 10% 36°
Basketball 57% 205°
Soccer 12% 43°
Others 6% 22°

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Find the mean. If necessary, round to one decimal place.

48) 20, 7, 23, 20
A) 25.7 B) 17.5 C) 16 D) 18
Answer: B

49) 76, 46, 76, 99, 46

A) 69.1 B) 85.8 C) 68.6 D) 68.1
Answer: C

50) 5, 4, 10, 6, 12, 9

A) 6.2 B) 7.7 C) 9.2 D) 8.2
Answer: B

17
 51) 18, 14, 8, 14, 8, 4, 4
A) 11.7 B) 11.5 C) 9.5 D) 10
Answer: D

52) 19, 41, 83, 20, 115, 63

A) 57.3 B) 56.3 C) 68.2 D) 56.8
Answer: D

53) 154, 117, 245, 150

A) 167 B) 222 C) 166 D) 166.5
Answer: D

54) 5, 15, 13, 6, 15, 3, 9, 6

A) 10.3 B) 8 C) 11 D) 9
Answer: D

55) 1.3, 0.7, 0.9, 1.3, 0.5, 1.5, 0.5, 1.6, 2

A) 10.3 B) 1.1 C) 1 D) 1.2
Answer: B

Find the median. If necessary, round to one decimal place.

56) 1, 8, 17, 21, 32, 33, 50
A) 17 B) 32 C) 23.6 D) 21
Answer: D

57) 14, 14, 31, 50, 66, 75, 77

A) 50 B) 31 C) 66 D) 47.2
Answer: A

58) 9, 4, 21, 13, 47, 42, 37

A) 37 B) 13 C) 21 D) 25.2
Answer: C

59) 8, 12, 25, 23, 41, 49

A) 23 B) 24 C) 22.5 D) 25
Answer: B

60) 2, 2, 22, 13, 28, 42, 39, 32

A) 25 B) 22.5 C) 28 D) 22
Answer: A

61) 48, 19, 6, 5, 24, 16, 23, 47, 40, 33

A) 23 B) 23.5 C) 24 D) 26.1
Answer: B

62) 1.5, 0.5, 0.7, 1.5, 0.3, 1.7, 0.3, 1.8, 2.2
A) 1.1 B) 1.2 C) 1.5 D) 0.8
Answer: C

18
Find the mode or modes (if any).
63) 5, 9, 18, 3, 2, 8, 96, 1, 4, 16
A) 15.6 B) 8 C) 9 D) no mode
Answer: D

64) 20, 38, 46, 38, 49, 38, 49

A) 38 B) 39.7 C) 49 D) 46
Answer: A

65) 91, 34, 32, 34, 29, 91

A) 34 B) 51.8 C) 91 D) 91, 34
Answer: D

66) 7.05, 7.41, 7.56, 7.05, 7.88, 7.99, 7.62

A) 7.56 B) 7.05 C) 7.41 D) 7.509
Answer: B

67) 86, 25, 86, 13, 25, 29, 56, 86

A) 50.8 B) 86 C) 42.5 D) no mode
Answer: B

68) 1.5, 0.5, 0.7, 1.5, 0.3, 1.7, 0.3, 1.8, 2.2
A) 1.5 B) 0.3 C) 1.2 D) 0.3 and 1.5
Answer: D

Solve. If necessary, round answers to the nearest hundredth.

69) The grades are given for a student for a particular semester. Find the grade point average. The point values of
grades are given below.
A : 4, B : 3, C : 2, D : 1, F : 0

Grade Credit Hours

C 2
F 1
A 1
B 2
F 2
A) 1.6 B) 1.75 C) 8 D) 1.8
Answer: B

70) The following test scores were recorded for a student: 100, 95, 93, 89, 95, 81, 91. Find the mean, median, and
mode.
A) mean: 92 median: 93 mode: 95 B) mean: 93 median: 92 mode: 100
C) mean: 93 median: 89 mode: 95 D) mean: 92 median: 89 mode: 100
Answer: A

71) The following test scores were recorded for a student: 80, 72, 68, 68, 80, 82. Find the mean, median, and mode.
A) mean: 76 median: 76 mode: 68 B) mean: 75 median: 68 mode: 82
C) mean: 75 median: 76 mode: 68 and 80 D) mean: 76 median: 75 mode: 80
Answer: C

19
 72) The following test scores were recorded for a student: 71, 68, 66, 65, 74, 70. Find the mean, median, and mode.
A) mean: 69 median: 65 mode: 74 B) mean: 68 median: none mode: none
C) mean: 70 median: none mode: 74 D) mean: 69 median: 69 mode: none
Answer: D

73) The following test scores were recorded for a student: 98, 55, 96, 55, 81. Find the mean, median, and mode.
A) mean: 77 median: 81 mode: 98 B) mean: 77 median: 81 mode: 55
C) mean: 96.3 median: 88.5 mode: 55 D) mean: 82.5 median: 96 mode: 98
Answer: B

Draw a tree diagram to find the number of possible outcomes.

74) Choose a number, 1, 2, 3, 4, and then a vowel, a,e,i,o,u.
A) 20 outcomes B) 5 outcomes C) 9 outcomes D) 16 outcomes
Answer: A

75) Toss a single die, and then toss a coin.

A) 6 outcomes B) 8 outcomes C) 12 outcomes D) 2 outcomes
Answer: C

76) Pick a number from 1, 2, 3 or 4, and then toss a coin.

A) 6 outcomes B) 1 outcome C) 8 outcomes D) 2 outcomes
Answer: C

77) Toss two six-sided dice.

A) 36 outcomes B) 1 outcome C) 12 outcomes D) 2 outcomes
Answer: A

78) Toss two coins.

A) 3 outcomes B) 1 outcome C) 4 outcomes D) 2 outcomes
Answer: C

79) Toss three coins.

A) 3 outcomes B) 6 outcomes C) 8 outcomes D) 1 outcome
Answer: C

Find the probability of the event.

80) If a single die is tossed once, find the probability of the following event.
A4
2 1
A) B) C) 0 D) 4
3 6
Answer: B

81) If a single die is tossed once, find the probability of the following event.
A7
7
A) 7 B) C) 1 D) 0
6
Answer: D

20
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 THE WHIPPET.

W. J. Comstock’s, Providence, R. I.

Mary.

Origin.—On account of it being little else than a small English

greyhound, its origin is traced to that breed, by which standard it is
judged.
Uses.—Occasionally for coursing rabbits, but chiefly for trials of
speed of about 200 yards. The dogs are run in couples, the waving
of a handkerchief or other cloth being the incentive to run.
Height.—At shoulders about 18 inches.
 TREATMENT OF THE DOG IN
HEALTH.
First Principles.
Teach your dog to obey you through kindness if possible, but
teach it. Remember always that it has as much feeling as the
average human being, and wonders can be worked through
kindness. Rather than strike it with a whip, strike at it, the swish of
the whip generally having about as much effect as a well-delivered
“strike.”
The next duty is to teach the dog to be clean about the house.
Should it forget itself, make its nose well acquainted with the
“offense,” rubbing it as hard as you please, “warm its jacket” well,
and then turn it out of doors with a well-delivered slap on the body. A
repetition of the “moral suasion” act is rarely necessary. In the
morning let it out of the house into the yard the first thing you do, and
repeat it the last thing before retiring; it will soon learn to understand
the meaning of all this and cease to cause trouble. Patience—and
sometimes a great deal of it, too—is required to make the dog “well
mannered,” but perseverance will achieve the desired result. Never
strike a dog on the head; the body presents sufficient surface.

Breaking to Chain.
Some dogs take kindly to instruction in this regard, others rebel
against it. Put a collar on the dog several days before you intend
breaking it to chain. Try conscientiously the coaxing process first; if it
fails, then nothing remains but to drag the dog along till from fear of
choking it is forced to follow. Once having undertaken it, don’t stop till
you have accomplished your object. This treatment should not in
stubborn cases last over half an hour, though sometimes heavy and
headstrong dogs may require two hours. In the majority of cases
after half an hour’s teaching the dog will lead “steady by jerks,” and
in a couple of days will become used to the chain. If, however, after a
week’s experience it tugs and pulls on the lead, use a slip-noose
collar, which tightens as the strain grows greater. Choking off its wind
when it pulls hard, it will soon grow weary and act rationally. Should
this treatment still prove inefficient, some people resort to the spike
collar, which, however, should be used only with the greatest
judgment. No one ever treated his dogs more kindly than I, yet,
though I never had a dog upon which it became necessary to use a
spike collar, still, perhaps I would have used one rather than have
my shoulder pulled out of its socket by a dog which I took out for
companionship. I would use it only as a last resort, and then with the
utmost caution.

Feeding.
The dog in its wild state is nearly, if not wholly, carnivorous, but
when domesticated becomes omnivorous and therefore thrives best
on a mixed diet of bread, meat, and vegetables. Excepting when
training or hunting your dogs, a purely meat diet is not desirable any
more than it would be for a human being. While its stomach has the
power to digest bones, gristle, etc., through the excessive secretions
of gastric juices, still it is very easily deranged, and when so affected
it may take days for it to resume its normal state; hence expel the
thought that any kind of food is “good enough for a dog.”
Avoid giving very much corn-meal, as it is too heating and is not
possessed of much strength-giving qualities. Let the diet, whether it
is for a St. Bernard or a fox-terrier, be a mixture of meat (boiled tripe
and mutton are excellent) cooked till it is in shreds, oatmeal, barley,
rice, carrots, bread, potatoes, cabbage, or any other vegetable
added so as to make the whole thick, and rendered palatable by a
goodly supply of salt. Avoid giving chop, steak, or fowl bones, as
they are apt to splinter, and, lodging in the intestines, very frequently
cause death. Give plentifully of large, soft bones (such as knuckles),
which are easily chewed, as they act as a sort of tooth-brush, and
aid digestion greatly. Scraps of all sorts from the table tend best to
preserve the dog’s health.
For toy dogs well-cooked rice, finely chopped boiled tripe, warm
milk, and lean meat scraps from the table, mixed with vegetables,
should form the common diet. As these dogs are very light eaters,
they may be fed three times a day, care being exercised that they do
not overload their stomachs at any time.
Sweets of all kinds are objectionable. Unlike the human stomach,
the dog’s needs much rest; so in the morning feed “just a crumb” and
at night let it eat all it desires. A little flour of sulphur or powdered
magnesia (a quarter-teaspoonful) now and again will do no harm.
Constant and free access to fresh, clean water must not be
neglected. As soon as the dog has eaten all it desires, take the
uneaten food away, and do not let it remain to be nibbled at during
the day or night.
Boiled liver is an admirable alterative, and one good meal of it
should be fed at least once a week. If you find your dog has no
appetite, don’t try to coax or force it, but cease to offer it any food
whatever for at least twenty-four hours. A fast of forty-eight hours will
do it no harm in such cases, and total abstinence often wards off
sickness. Should it be disposed to eat grass or horse-droppings,
don’t try to prevent it, as both are nature’s mild remedy for a
disordered stomach. In short, feed your dog as you would a human
being, and the result will be satisfactory. The feeding of meat does
not in any way affect the scenting powers of a dog, nor does it
produce worms, distemper, or kindred diseases, as so often stated.
Having used the foregoing diet both at home, with my favorite dog,
and at my kennels, where I have had as many as ninety at one time,
my experience with it for twenty years convinces me that it cannot be
improved upon, whether used for a single dog or an entire pack.
Puppies from time of weaning up to six months of age should be
fed four times daily, from six to nine months three times, and after
that age feed same as grown dogs; they too thrive best on diet as
already described. Fresh raw minced meat is good, especially for
puppies; it strengthens them and tones the stomach. Give freely of
fresh milk and buttermilk, especially the latter, as it keeps the
stomach sweet.
When puppies are about three weeks old they should be taught to
lap scalded milk (sweetened a little) by gently putting their noses into
it. They will instinctively lick it off, and after a few lessons will soon
lap eagerly. This is always a great relief to a nursing mother,
especially where the pups are vigorous or the litter large. A little
bread or rice added when they are about four weeks old will do them
a vast deal of good. Remember always, if you want strong, healthy
dogs, that as puppies they should be fed nutritious food.
Bitches in whelp and while nursing pups should be fed on a soft or
mushy diet, such as soups, porridge, etc., as it produces more and
better milk, and often prevents fevers.
If you accompany your dogs to a show, and they are not
accustomed to the usual food given there, it is always best to give
them scraps from a neighboring restaurant, as some dog-biscuits
cause excessive purging. There, too, they frequently become very
nervous, lose their appetites, and often take cold, resulting in fevers;
so it is not a bad scheme during a show to give your setters, for
instance, one grain powdered quinine twice a day (smaller or larger
dogs in proportion) during the entire show and for some days after it
is over. It has been tried with most beneficial results.

Value of Exercise.
All dogs, whether large or small, should have exercise, and plenty
of it, in order to aid digestion, keep the heart and lungs in good
action, and thereby insure a good appetite. Puppies, as is natural to
them, take plenty of exercise; but it is when they are grown up that
care should be taken that they do not become sluggish and so pave
the way to obesity, which tends to affect the coat, digestion, and
general appearance. The small varieties will generally of themselves
keep “on the go,” but mastiffs, setters, and such other large dogs are
not always disposed to move about much of their own free will;
hence make them the companions of your walks. It is twofold in its
good results: it makes you understand each other better, and does
the dog no end of good. Bitches in whelp should have plenty of
gentle exercise.

Washing and Grooming.

Do not wash your dogs too often, as it removes the natural oil and
consequently the gloss, which is so much desired. Careful and daily
brushing with a dandy-brush, followed by a rubbing down with
mittens made of chamois leather, will keep a dog’s coat in
wonderfully fine condition and for a long while. The hound gloves are
found to be of great value with smooth-coated dogs, such as Great
Danes, pointers, bull-terriers, etc. In the long-haired classes use a
brush with one-and-a-half-inch bristles, and a comb with teeth very
short and wide apart, not unlike a barber’s comb. When washing,
best results are attained with pure Castile soap, and after rinsing off
the dog then using the imported German green soft soap. The latter
seems to restore the gloss, is better than using eggs, and does not
leave the hair so dry. Don’t wash your dog within two hours after
feeding, and when you do it, do it as quickly as possible, using
lukewarm water. Exercise the dog freely after it has been well dried.
Towels made of salt-sacks are the best for drying purposes.
Great care should be taken in washing Yorkshires and toy
spaniels, as, their coats being soft, they hold the dampness even
after they appear to be thoroughly dry. The best and safest mode is
as follows: Place the dog in a little foot-tub of lukewarm water deep
enough to reach to its elbows, and cover the body with soap-suds,
never putting the soap on the coat. With a soft hair-brush of long
bristles brush the hair with the suds, always brushing from the center
downward, thus reaching all parts of the body, including the head.
When the dog is cleaned gently force all the suds and water out by
smoothing the hair as instructed in brushing, then lift it into another
tub of clean lukewarm water and with a soft sponge rinse well. Stand
the dog on a table, envelop the body in a soft towel or cloth, and
gently press the hands over it until the water and moisture are all
absorbed by the cloth. Never ruffle or rub the hair; simply smooth it.
Now with a comb of short and widely separated teeth comb out the
hair, and with about three brushes, always kept dry by being laid
before the fire, brush the hair till it is perfectly dry. Then lay the dog
before the fire, where it will be very warm, thus insuring it from
catching cold. Such prominent breeders as Senn, Burkhardt, et al.,
dry their dogs in an oven made especially for the purpose.
After the dog is thoroughly dried, brush it, let it run about the
house for an hour or so, and then let it rest on a linen-covered
cushion, which is far better than velvet or plush, as the coat does not
adhere to it. A very little fine oil in the palm of the hand rubbed over
the coat will generally restore the gloss after washing.

Fleas.
The bane of a dog’s existence is fleas. They are especially
troublesome to puppies, worrying them till they become fretful,
causing them to irritate the skin and tear their coats through
scratching, seeking relief from itching. In addition, where fleas are
particularly numerous on a dog they will often so affect it that its
appetite is impaired and its digestive organs affected by worriment.
Carbolic soaps will kill these pests, also destroy the hair if
constantly used; therefore the greatest permanent relief is found in
using a powder. The best results can be attained by taking the dog
into the yard or street, dusting it thoroughly with P. D. Q. Compound
Powder, rubbing it well into the skin, when both fleas and nits will
cease to exist. It is not injurious either to the dog or its hair, and if
used on furniture or carpets will prove equally efficacious.

Kenneling.
If you desire to kennel your dog out of doors, remember always
that it can stand almost any amount of cold, provided its kennel is
clean and dry and elevated about six inches above the ground. The
elevation allows a free circulation of air and prevents the bottom of
the kennel from getting damp and remaining so. The boards should
be tongued and grooved so as to shut out all drafts. Provided always
with clean, dry straw, the dog will thrive. Foul and damp bedding
produces mange, rickets, distemper, rheumatism, etc. If possible
avoid keeping the dog on chain, as it frets and irritates it and is very
apt to sour its disposition.

Preparing a Dog for Exhibition.

To show a dog “for all there is in him,” its coat should be in perfect
condition, free from all dead hair, and in the form as called for in the
standard pertaining to its special breed. The body should be round,
the ribs well covered; and in sporting and large specimens the
muscles should be well developed and hard. Where two exhibits
about equal in points of conformation come together in the judging
ring, the one shown in the best “condition” will receive the blue
ribbon. Grooming in the smaller breeds is generally “nine points”
toward conditioning.
 TREATMENT OF THE DOG IN
SICKNESS.
In sickness the patient should always receive the very kindest
treatment and be spoken to very gently. Rough or harsh handling is
peculiarly hurtful where affections are of a nervous character.
When exhaustion is very great, and the patient absolutely refuses
to eat, soft, nutritious food should be forced down the throat by first
placing it in the mouth, then closing the jaws gently yet firmly, and
softly rubbing the windpipe with the hand, thus causing the patient to
swallow. Strange to relate, almost any sick dog will eagerly eat meat
which has been masticated by its attendant. Warmth and perfect
quiet are great factors of a complete and early recovery.
When convalescent the patient should have soft, nourishing food
(beef-tea and rice, etc.), and whenever meat is given it should be
hashed or cut as fine as possible.
A little port-wine can always be given in this description of food
with beneficial results. Food should be administered in small
quantities and at short intervals.

Bruises, Sprains, Etc.

Spirits of turpentine
” hartshorn
Laudanum
Rape-oil

Mix equal parts of above, forming a liniment, and anoint parts affected.
Where an abrasion exists, touch it with friars’ balsam, and rub liniment
around the broken skin, not on it.
 Burns.
Use equal parts of linseed-oil and lime-water, applying it freely and
as soon after the accident as possible.

Canker of the Ear.

Internal canker is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the
passage to the ear, accompanied sometimes with suppuration, and
when of long standing has a most offensive-smelling discharge. A
mangy affection of the ear is often confounded with, or supposed to
be, an external canker.
Symptoms.—The ear is very red, inflamed, and heated. The dog
continually scratches it, shaking the head as if to remove something
from it. After syringing the ear well with warm water and Castile
soap, use the following remedy twice daily, holding the dog’s head
sidewise on the lap and gently pouring a little into the ear.

Goulard’s extract of lead ½ oz.

Glycerin and carbolic acid ⅛ ”
Olive-oil 2¼ ”

Shake the bottle well before using. Relief should follow almost
immediately.

Colds.
Symptoms.—Chilliness, shivering, languor, dry, hot nose,
accompanied by a thin discharge from the nose.
If the patient is not attended to at once the complaint may lead to
distemper and fevers.
Use Fever Mixture, and keep patient warm.

Colic and Inflammation of the Bowels.

 To discover the difference between colic and inflammation of the
bowels, press the hand along the belly, and if the movement gives
relief, the probable trouble is colic. If pain attends the pressure, it is
probably inflammation. In these two cases, my advice is to consult a
veterinarian at once. The symptoms of both affections are evidenced
by the dog standing with arched back and feet drawn toward one
another, or crouching with belly on the ground. Inflammation is
generally of slower development than colic.
When a dog is affected with colic it is often shown when it is
apparently in the best of health and eating well; it is seized with
spasms, causing it to moan and howl. The causes are about
identical with inflammation of the bowels.
As soon as convinced that colic is the cause of the trouble, give at
once, to a dog of, say, 25 pounds, not quite a teaspoonful of the
following in three tablespoonfuls of milk or gruel: compound spirits of
sulphuric ether (Hoffman’s anodyne) and tincture of opium, equal
parts. If relief does not immediately ensue, repeat the dose in half an
hour.
After permanent relief, give Purgative Mixture, once a day for three
days. (See Inflammation of the Bowels.)

Coughs.
Cough is a symptom of disease rather than a disease in itself, and
arises from different causes, differing in character as do the diseases
which it precedes, viz.: in the common cold the cough is slight and
humid; in bronchitis, hard, dry, and frequent; in inflammation of the
lungs and pleurisy, short and suppressed, accompanied with great
pain; in asthma, hard and wheezy, followed by vomiting; in
distemper, husky and hollow.
For the common cold or cough use either Cough Remedy No. 1 or
No. 2. The first is especially good for affections of the respiratory
organs.

Cough Remedy No. 1.

 Powdered ipecacuanha 6 grains
” opium 6 ”
Compound squill pill 24 ”
Powdered gum ammoniacum 24 ”
” licorice 24 ”
” rhubarb 12 ”

Make into 24 pills. Dose for 25-pound dog, one pill night and morning.

Cough Remedy No. 2.

Elixir paregoric ½ oz.

Syrup of squills 1½ ”

Give 1 teaspoonful for dog of 25 pounds every six hours.

Cuts, Wounds, Etc.

As soon as the cut stops bleeding, which is accomplished either
by holding the parts together with the fingers or by use of a lint
bandage, wash the wound thoroughly with warm water so as to
remove all foreign substances. Then apply with a soft brush a
dressing of friars’ balsam, which will form a sort of crust over the
wound, keeping out dust, dirt, etc., and allowing the wound to heal
quickly.
The sewing up of a wound is a very easy affair. Pass the needle
through the skin on one side of the wound from the outside inward,
and through the corresponding part on the opposite side from the
inside outward. Draw the lips of the wound together gently, and tying
the silk thread in a strong knot, cut off ends close, so that the dog
cannot bite them. Each stitch must be tied separately, and should be
about half an inch apart. If possible the dog should be muzzled, not
only during the operation, but for several days afterward. The wound
should be constantly washed with the following:

Carbolic acid ½ oz.

Glycerin 2 ”
 Water 32 ”

In bandaging a wound, saturate the cloth with a mixture of equal

parts of camphorated oil and friars’ balsam.

Diarrhea Mixture.
Powdered chalk 3 drams
Aromatic confection (powder) 2 ”
Powdered gum acacia 1 dram
Tinct. opium 1 oz.
Oil cassia 8 drops
Tinct. catechu 3 drams
Sp. sal volatile 2 ”
Water sufficient to make 8 oz.

Dose for a young puppy of the small breeds, ½ teaspoonful; 1

teaspoonful for puppies of the large breeds, and 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls for
grown dogs, according to size of the breed. Repeat every three or four
hours till relief is obtained or till purging ceases.

Distemper.
There are three kinds of distemper, viz., of the head, of the lungs,
and of the bowels. Good nursing is nine points out of ten for
conquering this fell disease.
Symptoms.—Mucous discharge from eyes or nose, or both, dry,
hacking cough, general lassitude, diarrhea of very offensive odor.
Do not try to treat the patient, for, unless you are an M.D. or have
had a long experience with the disease, you will probably make a
sorry mess of it. Until a veterinarian arrives, keep the patient quiet,
warm, out of all draft, feeding only beef-tea with brandy added. Do
not give solid food under any circumstances. Bear always in mind
that this disease is most contagious, and, to prevent it from
spreading, the patient should be quarantined from all other dogs, the
farther off the better.
 Dr. T. G. Sherwood, a member of the Royal College of Veterinary
Surgery, 127 West Thirty-seventh Street, New York, inoculated four
of the author’s dogs, and the result was satisfactory beyond all
expectation, as other dogs not so treated quickly succumbed to the
disease.
As distemper is about equivalent to pneumonia or inflammation of
the lungs in human beings, the reader will readily understand how
useless it would be for a layman to try to treat these diseases.

Fever Mixture.
Powdered nitre 1 dram
Sweet sp. nitre ½ oz.
Mindererus spirits 1½ ”
Wine antimony 1 dram
Water (distilled) 4 oz.

Dose for 25-pound dog, 1 tablespoonful every four hours in a little gruel.

Inflammation of the Bowels.

The main causes of this affection are irregular, improper, or stale
diet, irritation caused by some hard, indigestible substance in the
stomach, exposure to cold or wet, and a blow, such as a kick.
Symptoms.—Feverishness, nose hot and dry, shivering, distended
belly, and scanty or highly colored urine. As this sickness needs
scientific treatment, call in a veterinarian at once. If, however, you
desire to try to relieve the dog awaiting his advent, proceed at once
to give injections of thin oatmeal gruel or soap and lukewarm water,
each containing about one ounce of castor-oil. Continue these
injections every fifteen minutes till relief is given. The utmost
gentleness must be used in this procedure, the patient being coaxed
to rest on its side while the injections are being administered.
In order to prevent a recurrence of the trouble, give the Mild
Purgative No. 1, and after the danger is past, then Tonic Pills No. 1.
(See Colic.)

Inflammation of the Bladder.

Use Fever Mixture, preceded by Mild Purgative No. 1.

Lotion for Eyes.

Extract belladonna ½ dram
Rose-water 4 oz.
Wine opium 2 drams

℞ and use as a lotion.

In affections of long standing use:

Sulphite of zinc 12 grains

Tinct. belladonna 1 dram
Wine opium 2 drams
Rose-water 4 oz.

℞ and use as a lotion.

Lotion for Sore Feet.

Tinct. arnica ½ oz.
” matico ½ ”
” opium 1 ”
Acetic acid ½ ”

Mix with 1 quart distilled water and apply freely.

Where inflammation is very great and the feet are swollen, first
apply a poultice of bran and boiled turnips, equal parts.

Mange.
 Mange as applied to animals is the same as itch in human beings,
being beyond question caused by a parasite burrowing into the skin,
resulting in the falling out of the hair, and sometimes in an exudation
of an offensive-smelling pus, itching to such a degree that the patient
scratches continuously.
There are two varieties of mange, viz., sarcoptic and follicular,
both of which are contagious to animals, though very rarely to
human beings. The first variety shows itself in little red spots, which
exude a sort of pus, and these will spread over the entire body
unless checked. Follicular mange is less irritating than the sarcoptic,
but gives off a very offensive pus. This variety is generally very
stubborn before yielding to treatment.
Provided the affected parts are not raw, rub well into the skin
(twice daily) for three days a lotion of equal parts of benzine and
sweet-oil. This will destroy the parasites. Then for a week apply daily
the following, rubbing it well into the skin:

Milk sulphur ½ oz.

Antimony ½ ”
Whale-oil ½ pint

Purgative Mixture (Mild) should be given twice a week for at least

three weeks.
A surfeit often shows itself on a dog, which is sometimes called
red mange. This is not due to a parasite, but to overheated blood,
resulting either from improper food, want of exercise, fleas, or
inoperative digestive organs. Treat this affection as prescribed for
mange.

Purgative Mixture No. 1 (Mild).

Syrup buckthorn (pure) 1½ oz.
” white poppies ½ ”
Castor-oil 1 ”
 Dose, 1 tablespoonful every other day for three days for a dog of 20
pounds. (The bottle should be well shaken before measuring out the
medicine.)

Purgative Mixture No. 2 (Strong).

Podophyllin 6 grains
Comp. ext. colocynth 30 ”
Powd. rhubarb 48 ”
Ext. henbane 36 ”

Mix and make into 24 pills. For a puppy (setter six months old) a half-
pill, assisted with a little broth. Repeat about every twelve hours until
proper relief is had.

Tonic Pills No. 1.

Quinine 12 grains
Sulp. of iron 18 ”
Ext. gentian 24 ”
Powd. ginger 18 ”

Make this into 12 pills, giving one night and morning. These are
particularly good for debility arising from distemper and kindred diseases.

Tonic No. 2.
Disulphate of quinine 12 grains
Tinct. gentian 6 drams
Syrup orange 6 ”
Diluted sulphuric acid 10 drops

Mix and give a teaspoonful daily to a pup (setter). Graduate dose in

proportion to size of dog.

Worms.
 There are three principal worms infesting dogs.
First, the common roundworm, from two to six inches in length, of
a pale pink color, very thin like vermicelli, and greatly resembling the
common earth- or angleworm. This is the worm most common in
puppies, and inhabits the stomach and lower intestines.
Second, the tænia, or tapeworm, made up of white, flat joints
(about half an inch long), often of great length, and also inhabiting
the small intestines. It is about as thick as very coarse thread. Both
extremities of this worm must be removed, else it will grow again.
Third, the pin- or threadworm, inhabiting the lower bowels, about
half an inch in length and of pinkish color. It is apt to cause partial
paralysis in puppies, which disappears after the worms are expelled.
More puppies and grown dogs die each year from worms than
from all diseases combined. Their presence is generally manifested
by the coat being dry and staring, dull and devoid of gloss, disturbed
sleep very often resulting in fits, appetite capricious, distention of the
stomach, breath generally offensive, nose hot and dry, loss of flesh,
diarrhea accompanied by mucous discharge, and general
irritableness. From an experience of ten years with Glover’s
Vermifuge for all kinds of worms, I have never found anything to
equal it, especially for puppies, however delicate. Having made it
always a point to give my puppies a couple of doses of vermifuge at
two and six months of age, whether they show evidences of having
worms or not, I have rarely had any further trouble with these pests.
 TECHNICAL TERMS.

Apple-head. A rounded head.

Blaze. White mark up the face.
Brisket. The part of the body in front of the chest.
Butterfly-nose. A spotted nose.
Button-ear. An ear whose tip falls over and covers the orifice.
Cat-foot. A round, short foot, like a cat’s.
Cheeky. When the dog’s cheek-bumps are strongly defined.
Chops. The pendulous lip of the bulldog.
Coat. The hair.
Cobby. Well ribbed up; short and compact body.
Condition. That state of body which shows the coat to be in a healthy
state, the bones well covered, the body well rounded, the
muscles hard, and the dog in the best of spirits.
Cow-hocked. Hocks which turn in.
Dew-claws. The superfluous claws that often appear above the feet
on the inside of the legs.
Dewlap. Pendulous skin under the throat.
Dish-faced. When the dog’s nose is higher than his muzzle at the
stop.
Dudley Nose. Flesh-colored.
Elbow. The top joint of the front leg.
Feather. The hair at the back of the legs and under the tail.
Flag. The tail of a setter.
Flews. Pendulous lips, as seen in a bloodhound.
Frill. A mass of hair on the breast.
Harefoot. A long foot, like a hare’s.
Haw. The red inside of the eyelid, as shown in bloodhounds, etc.
Height. Measurement taken from top of shoulder to the ground.
Knee. Joint attaching fore pastern and forearm.
Leather. The skin of the ear.
Occiput. The projecting bone or bump at the back of the head.
Overshot. The upper teeth projecting beyond the under.
Pastern. Lowest section of leg, below knee or hock.
Pig-jaw. Same as overshot.
Pily. A term applied to a soft, woolly coat next the skin, out of which
springs a longer coat.
Prick-ear. One that stands upright.