Pakistan Studies

Chapter 1: History of Pakistan II

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Era

1. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Era:

- Start Date: 20th December 1971
- End Date: 5th July 1977

2. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's First Speech:

- "The country is facing a serious crisis."
- "I have taken over at a time when the history of Pakistan has reached its turning point."
- "I have to build a new and progressive Pakistan."

3. Main Aspects of Economic Reforms:

- Nationalization of Industries:
- Automobile industry
- Chemical industry
- Cement industry
- Iron industry

4. Nationalization of Banks and Insurance Companies:

- Insurance Companies Nationalized Date: 19th March, 1972
- Banks Nationalized Date: 1st January, 1974

5. Labour Reforms (1972):

- Date of Labour Policy Announcement: 10th February, 1972
- Representation in Administrative Committee
- Annual bonus for laborers
6. Agricultural Reforms (Z.A. Bhutto):
- Land Ownership Limit: 150 acres (irrigated by canals) and 300 acres (irrigated by natural rains)
- Land Distribution Date: March 1976

7. Impact of Nationalization on Industry:

- Positive Impacts:
- Increased national income
- Improved labor conditions
- Negative Impacts:
- Slow industrial development
- Increased government expenditure

8. Impact of Nationalization on Education:

- Positive Impacts:
- Improved staff salaries
- Establishment of new educational institutions
- Negative Impacts:
- Increased financial burden on the government
- Rise of student unions

9. Impact of Nationalization on Commerce and Trade:

- Positive Impacts:
- Improved trade balance
- Increased industrial production
- Negative Impacts:
- Inflation and devaluation of currency
- Increase in import expenses

10. Key Aspects of the Constitution of 1973:

 - Preamble: Includes the Objectives Resolution
- Written Constitution: Comprises 280 articles, 12 sections, and 6 judicial records
- Federal Constitution: Declares Pakistan a federal state

The 1973 Constitution

Sr. No Date Event Explaination

1 April 1972 Provisional Constitution Adoption - Newly elected National
Assembly adopted a
 provisional constitution.

2 - Committee for Permanent - National Assembly

Constitution instituted a committee to
frame the permanent
constitution.

3 February 2, 1972 -Draft Presentation in National - Draft of the permanent

Assembly constitution is presented in the
National Assembly.

4 April 12, 1973 -Approval of Draft - Acting as President,

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto approved
the draft of the permanent
constitution.

5 August 14, 1973 Constitution Promulgation - New constitution officially

promulgated, signifying a
significant date in Pakistan's
constitutional history.

6 - Election of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as - National Assembly elected

Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as
Pakistan's Prime Minister,
marking the beginning of his
leadership role in the country's
governance.

Key Points of the 1973 Constitution

Preamble of the Constitution - Includes the Objectives Resolution and
emphasizes the sovereignty of Allah Almighty.

Written Constitution - Comprises 280 articles, 12 sections, and 6

judicial records, providing a comprehensive
legal framework for governance.

Federal Structure - Pakistan declared a federal state with four

provinces, a Federal capital, and Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and
 Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA).

Semi-Rigid Constitution - Allows for amendments through a two-thirds

majority in the Parliament (National Assembly
and Senate), striking a balance between stability
and adaptability.

National Language - Urdu declared the national language, with

provisions for its implementation as the official
language within 15 years, while English serves
as the interim official language.

Islamic Constitution - Declares Islam as the state religion, with

provisions for the President and Prime Minister
to be Muslims. Encourages the practice of
Islamic principles and enforces Zakat, Auqaf,
and Ushr.

Independent Judiciary Guarantees the independence of the judiciary,

ensuring fair and unbiased legal proceedings.
Judges receive secure salaries and tenure.
Parliamentary System - Establishes a parliamentary form of
government, with the President as the head of
state and the Prime Minister as the head of the
government, elected by the National Assembly
and Provincial Assemblies.

Supremacy of Constitution - Defines high treason as any attempt to

abrogate the constitution, ensuring its primacy
and stability within the legal and political
system.

Constitutional Institutions - Establishes vital institutions like the Council

for Common Interest, National Economic
Council, National Finance Commission,
Election Commission of Pakistan, and Federal
Ombudsman, enhancing governance and
ensuring the protection of national interests.

Bicameral Legislature - Constitutes a two-house Parliament

comprising the Senate and the National
Assembly, ensuring representation for provinces
and stability in legislative procedures.

Fundamental Rights - Provides citizens with fundamental rights,

safeguarding their freedoms and liberties.
Prohibits the enactment of laws that contravene
these fundamental rights.
General Muhammad Zia ul Haq Era (1977-1988)
Date Event
April 1977 Formation of 'Pakistan National Alliance' by all
political parties to contest against the People’s
Party in the elections.
March 7, 1977 National Assembly elections won by the
People’s Party, leading to accusations of
election rigging by the Pakistan National
Alliance.

March 10, 1977 Boycott of provincial elections by the National

Alliance, resulting in the declaration of the
elections as invalid.

July 5, 1977 Overthrow of the Bhutto government and

declaration of martial law by General Zia-ul-
Haq, leading to his 11-year rule.

August 17, 1988 Death of General Zia-ul-Haq in an air crash,

leading to Ghulam Ishaq Khan assuming the
role of Caretaker President of Pakistan.

2. Major Aspects of the Islamization Process During (1977-88):

1. Setting up of Shariah Courts (1979):
- Shariat Benches in all High Courts on 10th Feb. 1979.
- Federal Shariat Courts set up in 1980.
2. Implementation of Shariat Ordinance (1979):
- Introduction of Shariat Law for various crimes including theft, alcohol consumption, and rape.
3. Zakat and Ushr Ordinance (1983):
- Deduction of 2.5% Zakat from Muslim bank accounts annually.
- Introduction of 10% Ushr deduction from annual agricultural produce.
4. Abolition of Interest (1981-1984):
 - Opening of accounts based on profit and loss.
- Conversion of all savings accounts to PLS accounts.
5. Compulsory Islamiat and Pakistan Studies (1980s):
- Islamiat and Pakistan Studies made compulsory up to B.A. level.
6. Prayer Arrangements and Committees:
- Provision of prayer arrangements in educational institutions and government offices.
- Formation of prayer committees to promote prayer attendance.
7. Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ordinance (1980s):
- Introduction of strict laws to uphold the sanctity of the month of Ramazan.
8. Development of Religious Schools and Arabic Education:
- Support for religious schools with annual grants and equivalence of their degrees to M.A.
- Compulsory Arabic language study from Grade 6 to Grade 8.
9. Establishment of Islamic Institutions:
- Establishment of the International Islamic University in Islamabad in 1981.
- Creation of a Shariat faculty at Quaid-e-Azam University in Islamabad for teaching Hadith, Fiqh,
and Islamic law.

Date Event
1979 Setting up of Shariah Courts
10th Feb. 1979 Shariat Benches in all High Courts
1980 Federal Shariat Courts set up
1979 Implementation of Shariat Ordinance

1983 Zakat and Ushr Ordinance

1981-1984 Abolition of Interest

1980s Compulsory Islamiat and Pakistan Studies

+
Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ordinance
1981 Establishment of the International Islamic
University in Islamabad
 Government of Muhammad Khan Junejo (1985-1988)

Era of Government of Muhammad Khan Junejo (1985-1988) during General Zia-ul-

Haq's rule
Changes in the Constitution - Amendment of the 1973 Constitution by
General Zia-ul-Haq, transitioning from a
parliamentary to a presidential system,
consolidating power in the hands of the
President and limiting the authority of the
Parliament.

Non-Party Elections - 1985 - Conduct of non-party elections for the

National Assembly in 1985, marking a
significant shift in the electoral process and
political landscape of Pakistan.

First Session of the National Assembly – - Initiation of the first session of the National
March 23, 1985 Assembly on March 23, 1985, signifying the
beginning of legislative activities during
Muhammad Khan Junejo's government.

Oath-Taking Ceremony - Oath-taking by General Zia-ul-Haq as the

President for the next five years, consolidating
his authority in the political hierarchy.

Important events during Muhammad Khan Junejo's Era:

Date Event Explaination
December 30, 1985 Lifting of Martial Law - Parliament and Provincial
Assemblies pass bills to lift
martial law, a significant step
towards the restoration of
 civilian rule and democratic
processes in Pakistan.
January 1986 Muhammad Khan Junejo as - Formation of the non-party
President of the Muslim parliamentary group, 'Pakistan
League Muslim League,' with
Muhammad Khan Junejo as its
president.
- Expansion of the Muslim
League's membership across
the country and establishment
of its offices at various levels.

1986 Foreign Tours - Successful tours of Turkey,

Germany, and the United
States of America by
Muhammad Khan Junejo,
resulting in the signing of
agreements of mutual interest
and international cooperation.

Development Programmes - Implementation of the 7-

marla housing scheme, 5-point
development programme, and
initiatives to raise the literacy
rate, contributing to the
country's development and
progress.

1988 Ojhri Camp Disaster - Occurrence of a devastating

fire in the Ojhri Camp arms
depot between Rawalpindi and
Islamabad, leading to
significant loss of life and
property.
- Formation of an investigation
committee by the Prime
Minister and President to
assess the causes and
implications of the disaster.
May 29, 1988 Dismissal of the Junejo - Growing political differences
Government between the President and the
Prime Minister culminate in
the dismissal of the Junejo
government and the dissolution
of all assemblies.
- President Zia-ul-Haq
announces the dissolution of
the Junejo Government during
a press conference at Army
House, marking the end of
Muhammad Khan Junejo's
three-year regime.
The Afghan Jihad, Refugee Problem, and their Impact on Pakistani
Society:
Date Event Explanation
1979 Afghan Invasion by Russian - Russian forces invaded
Forces Afghanistan, prompting
General Zia-ul-Haq to adopt a
firm policy and support the
Afghan resistance, marking the
beginning of the Afghan Jihad.

Commencement of Afghan - Afghan nation courageously

Jihad engages in jihad against the
Russian forces, receiving moral
and strategic support from the
Pakistani government under
General Zia-ul-Haq.

April 1988 Geneva Accord - Signing of the Geneva

Accord in April 1988,
involving the United States,
Russia, and Pakistan, leading
to the acknowledgment of
defeat by Russia and the
subsequent withdrawal of its
forces from Afghanistan on
February 15, 1989, officially
concluding the Afghan Jihad.

Impact on Pakistani Society - The influx of over 3 million

Afghan refugees into Pakistan
during the Russian invasion
leads to significant socio-
economic implications,
challenging Pakistan's

Pakistan's Support and
Humanitarian Role
International Recognition and
Appreciation
Benazir Bhutto’s First Government Era (Dec. 1988 to Aug. 1990):
resources and societal
structure.
- Pakistan extends hospitality
and aid to Afghan refugees,
demonstrating Islamic
brotherhood and humanitarian
values, and playing a pivotal
role in supporting the Afghan
cause during the Jihad.
- General Muhammad Zia-ul-
Haq's determined leadership
and Pakistan's successful
Afghan policy receive global
recognition and appreciation
for their significant
contribution to the Afghan
Jihad.
Date Event Explanation
1988 Election of Benazir Bhutto - Benazir Bhutto became the
first woman Prime Minister of
Pakistan following the general
elections in 1988, marking a
significant milestone in the
country's political history.
1988 Dissolution of Balochistan - Benazir Bhutto's government
Assembly dismissed the Balochistan
Assembly, a decision later
overturned by the Balochistan
High Court on the grounds of
unconstitutionality.

Dec. 1988 Presidential Elections - Ghulam Ishaq Khan won

the presidential elections in
December 1988, assuming the
office of the President of
Pakistan.

1989 Rejoining the Commonwealth - Pakistan's readmission to

the Commonwealth in 1989
signaled a significant shift in
the country's diplomatic
relations on the international
stage.

Foreign Policy Stance - India - Benazir Bhutto's

Relations administration adopted a policy
of cooperation and non-
confrontation with India,
fostering improved diplomatic
ties, notably during the
SAARC Conference and
engagements with Indian
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

Peoples Works Programme - - Implementation of the

Employment Initiatives
Peoples Works Programme
under Benazir Bhutto's
government aimed at social
welfare and employment
generation, facilitated by the
establishment of the Placement
Bureau that provided job
opportunities to thousands of
citizens.

6th August, 1990 Dismissal of Benazir Bhutto's - President Ghulam Ishaq

Government Khan utilized constitutional
powers to dismiss Benazir
Bhutto's government on
corruption charges, leading to
 the dissolution of the National
Assembly and the conclusion
of her first government, which
lasted approximately 20
months.

**Benazir Bhutto's First Regime (1988-1990) NBF

Date Event Explanation

1988 Elections of 1988 - Election held on a party
basis under the direction of the
Supreme Court of Pakistan.

December 1, 1988 Oath as Prime Minister - Benazir Bhutto took the oath
as the first woman Prime
Minister of Pakistan and the
Muslim world.

Improving Foreign Investment - Benazir Bhutto focused on

improving the environment for
foreign investment.

Improved International - Relationships with India

Relations and America started to improve
during this period.

Lifting of Ban on Unions and - The ban on student and trade

Press Censorship unions was lifted.
- Censorship on the press was
also lifted.

Women's Division Elevated to - The Women's Division was

a Ministry raised to the status of a
ministry in 1989.
- The First Women's Bank
was established during this
period.

Education and Infrastructure - Over 48,000 schools were

Development established.
- 1800 villages were
electrified.

August 6, 1990 Dismissal of the Government - President Ghulam Ishaq

Khan dismissed Benazir's
 government on charges of
corruption, incompetence, and
mismanagement.
- The National Assembly was
dissolved.

Benazir Bhutto’s Initiatives for female Empowerment

1. Women's Studies Centers (1988):
- Established at 5 universities
- Promoted women's education

2. First Women's Bank (1988):

- Supported women financially
- Funded small-scale credit schemes

3. Public Sector Quota (1988):

- Reserved 5% jobs for women
- Enhanced employment opportunities

4. Land Reforms for Women (Sindh):

- Provided land to landless women
- Encouraged women in agriculture

5. Women's Police Station and Health Program (1993):

- Inaugurated 1st women's police station
- Introduced Lady Health Workers Program

6. Ministry for Women's Affairs and Working Women Hostel:

- Established a specific ministry
 - Developed a hostel for working women

7. Computer Centers for Women (Technology):

- Set up centers for tech education
- Empowered women with technology

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif's First Government (November 1990 -

July 1993)
Date Event Explanation
1991 Agricultural Policy Mian Muhammad Nawaz
Announcement Sharif's government introduced
an Agricultural Policy with an
allocation of 10 crore rupees.

1991 Privatization Commission The Privatization Commission

was formed, leading to the
reformation of official banks
and financial institutions and
encouraging the private sector
in banking.
Agreement on Water - The government facilitated
Distribution an agreement among the
provinces regarding the
distribution of the River
Indus's water.

1992 Establishment of Baitul Maal - Baitul Maal was established,

providing financial aid for the
poor
Foreign Policy Initiatives - Efforts for peace in
Afghanistan through
negotiations with various
Afghan leaders.
- Failed attempts to negotiate
with India over the Kashmir
issue.
- Condemnation of the
demolition of the Babri
Mosque by extremists in India.
- Adopted a defensive policy
during the American invasion
of Iraq.

National Plans Implementation - Launch of national schemes

such as the National
 Construction Programme, Self-
Employment Scheme,
Motorway Project, and Yellow
Cab Scheme for the betterment
of the people.

April 1993 Dismissal of the Government - President Ghulam Ishaq

Khan dismissed Nawaz Sharif's
government under section 58-
2-B of the constitution.
- Nawaz Sharif later resigned
as the Prime Minister, and
Ghulam Ishaq Khan also
resigned from the post of
President of Pakistan in July
1993.
- Moeen Qureshi was
selected as the caretaker Prime
Minister, who announced
elections in the country.

Benazir Bhutto's Second Government Era (Oct. 1993 - Nov. 1996)

Date Event Explanation
1993-1996 Development Programs - Initiated the construction of
the Karachi Flyover Bridge and
Lahore Bypass to ease
transportation.

1993-1996 Plans for Farmers and Women - Established the Kissan

Bank in 1994 to provide loans
to farmers.
- Launched the National
Tractor Scheme to enhance
agricultural productivity.
- Introduced social and health
policies targeted at women's
welfare.
- Set up women police
stations and courts to address
their legal needs.

1993-1996 Eighth 5-Year Plan - Implemented the Eighth 5-

Year Plan, fostering rapid
development and economic
growth.

1993-1996 Foreign Visits and the Kashmir - Undertook successful

Issue diplomatic visits to Iran and
Turkey, garnering support on
the Kashmir issue.
 - Signed various cooperation
agreements across multiple
sectors.

1994 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Dissolved the government of

Government the Chief Minister, Pir Sabir
Shah.
- Aftab Ahmad Sherpao of
the People's Party was elected
as the new Chief Minister.

November 1996 Dismissal of the Benazir The government was dismissed

Bhutto Government by President Farooq Ahmed
Leghari on corruption charges
under Article 58-2-B of the
constitution. Benazir Bhutto
served as Prime Minister for
approximately 3 years during
her second term.

Second Term of Government of Mr. Nawaz Sharif (February 1997- 12th October 1999)

Date Event Explanation

February 1997 Second Term of Government
of Mr. Nawaz Sharif
Resignations of Justice Sajjad
Ali Shah and Farooq Ahmed
Khan Leghari
Nawaz Sharif re-elected as PM
- Chief Justice Sajjad Ali
Shah and Nawaz government
had differences.
- Confrontation resolved
through army intervention,
resulting in the resignation of
Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah
and President Farooq Ahmed
Khan Leghari.

December 1997 Justice (Retd) Rafiq Tarar - Rafiq Tarar elected as

elected as President of Pakistan President, succeeding Farooq
Ahmed Khan Leghari.

'Retire debt, adorn the country' - Initiated by Nawaz Sharif to

scheme pay off foreign loans, collected
17 billion rupees by June 1999.
 Rights of vote to Pakistanis
abroad
Restriction on floor crossing
1998 Census of 1998
1998 Announcement of an education
policy
Lahore-Islamabad Motorway
Construction Completed
Repeal of clause 58-2-B from
the 1973 constitution
28th May 1998 Atomic blast Tests
21st February, 1999 Lahore Declaration
- The government extended
voting rights to Pakistanis
residing abroad, fostering their
interest in Pakistan's political
processes.
- Implemented through the
14th amendment of the 1973
constitution, preventing elected
members from changing
parties.
- Violators would face
expulsion from the party.
- The population of the
country reached over 13 crores,
as determined by the census
conducted in 1998.
- Syed Ghous Ali Shah, Federal
Minister for Education,
unveiled a new educational
policy in 1998.
- The policy aimed to
establish numerous new
academic institutions across
the country.
- While planned during the
first term, it was completed in
the second term.
- One of the longest
motorways in South Asia,
inaugurated by Mian
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif in
1998.
- The clause that granted the
president the power to dissolve
the National Assembly at any
time was removed from the
constitution with the support of
the opposition through the 13th
Amendment.
- Pakistan conducted a series
of atomic tests on 28th May
1998, establishing itself as the
7th atomic power in the world.
Mian Muhammad Nawaz
Sharif welcomed Indian Prime
Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee
at the Wagah Border, and both
 leaders signed the Lahore
Declaration, outlining plans for
normalization of relations
between India and Pakistan.
1999 Entry of the army into WAPDA - WAPDA (Water and Power
Development Authority) was
handed over to the army to
eradicate corruption and reduce
load-shedding in 1999.

Kargil invasion - A conflict erupted between

India and Pakistan in the Kargil
region in 1999, resulting in a
war. The conflict was
eventually resolved through
international intervention, and
a ceasefire was declared.

12th October 1999 Dismissal of Nawaz sharif’s General Parvez Musharraf

second government
1999 Plane Hijack Case
removed the government of
Nawaz Sharif.
- Filed against Nawaz
Sharif, leading to his
imprisonment and exile to
Saudi Arabia.

Pakistan as Nuclear Power

Pakistan's journey to becoming a nuclear power has been a significant aspect of its history. Following
are the key milestones and events in this journey:

Date Milestone Details

1971-1976 Initiation under Zulfiqar Ali - Bhutto initiated the
Bhutto development of atomic energy
for peaceful purposes.
- Attempts to acquire an
atomic re-processing plant
from France were met with
international opposition.
1984 Continuation under General - Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan
Zia-ul-Haq and Dr. Abdul announced the successful
Qadeer Khan enrichment of uranium in
Pakistan in 1984.
- Propaganda against
Pakistan's nuclear program

1974, 1998 India's Nuclear Tests and
Response from Pakistan
Despite international pressure and opposition, Pakistan's nuclear program has solidified its position as
a key player in global geopolitics and has remained a source of national pride and security.
Parvez Musharraf's Government (1999-2008):
Timeline of General Parvez Musharraf's
Date Event
October 12, 1999 Pervaiz Musharraf overthrew
Nawaz Sharif's government.
- Pervaiz Musharraf Dissolved
the National and provincial
assemblies and suspended the
constitution.
April 30, 2002 Pervaiz Musharraf Took over
as Chief Executive and later
assumed the role of President,
following a controversial
referendum.
- Pervaiz Musharraf Received
authorization from the
Supreme Court to introduce
constitutional and social
reforms within three years.
2000 Local Self-Government
Devolution Plan was
launched by General Parvez
Musharraf
intensified, claiming potential
misuse of atomic weapons.
- India's nuclear tests in 1974
and 1998 were met with
concern and a need for a
strategic response from
Pakistan.
- Despite international
pressure, Pakistan conducted
its own series of nuclear tests
in the Chaghi Hills of
Balochistan in response to
India's tests.
Government
Details
-
-
-
-
- Launched by General Parvez
Musharraf.
- Key Features:
1. Reduction of the voting age
 to 18 years.
2. Establishment of a robust
local bodies system with a
strong financial basis.
3. Inclusion of both male and
female citizens at the village
and Union Council levels.
4. Empowerment of the
District Government to oversee
district administration.
5. Implementation of a strong
rural structure at the tehsil
level to address urban-rural
disparities and control
unplanned urbanization.
Tiers of Local Government:
- The Union Council
-the City District
-the Tehsil Council
-the District Council
The structure aimed to
decentralize power and
enhance local participation in
governance and development
initiatives.
Re-Structing of the Civil
Services:
- Deputy Commissioner (DC)
was replaced by District Co-
ordination Officer (DCO).
- Maximum administrative
departments limited to twelve,
each headed by an
Administrative Officer.
- Separation of Revenue and
Magistracy departments.
- Union Council composition
included various councilors,
with specific representation
percentages for women,
farmers, laborers, and
minorities.
- A similar representation
formula was followed for the
Tehsil Council and the District
Council.
- District Nazim was the head
of the District Government
with substantial powers over
the administration and police.
2002 Elections 2002 - The Muslim League (Q)
secured the highest number of
seats in the 2002 general
elections, backed by General
Parvez Musharraf.
 - Parvez Musharraf was elected
President for a 5-year term.
- Mir Zafar Ullah Khan Jamali
from Balochistan was elected
Prime Minister in 2002, later
replaced by Ch. Shujat Hussain
as a temporary arrangement.
- Shaukat Aziz, a renowned
banker and then-incumbent
Finance Minister, was elected
Prime Minister on August 28,
2004.
Enlightened Moderation - Gen. Parvez Musharraf
Policy implemented a policy termed
'enlightened moderation,'
focusing on women's
empowerment and freedom of
the media.
Industrialization and - Shaukat Aziz, after becoming
Privatization Prime Minister in 2004,
accelerated the privatization
process, leading to the sale of
shares of several state-owned
corporations by 2007.
- The telecom sector expanded
rapidly during this period, with
widespread access to mobile
phone facilities.
Macroeconomic Reforms - 'Macro Economic Reforms'
were introduced under the
Parvez Musharraf government,
emphasizing good governance,
market reforms, human
resource development, efficient
water resource management,
and an economy free of
excessive government control.
December 27, 2007 Assassination of Benazir
Bhutto
August 18, 2008 Resignation of Parvez - Parvez Musharraf's
Musharraf and Subsequent presidency ended following
Events various developments,
including assassination of
Benazir Bhutto.
- Under mounting national and
international pressure, Parvez
Musharraf resigned from his
position on August 18, 2008,
and left the country.
 **Elections for the New President of Pakistan:**
Date Event
September 6, 2008 Elections for the New
President of Pakistan
Removal of the Prime Minister
Details
Polling in the parliament and
all the four provincial
assemblies was held for
electing the new president.
Asif Ali Zardari, chairman
Pakistan Peoples' Party, was
elected president with a two-
thirds majority.
Disqualification:
 Yousaf Raza Gilani, the Prime
Minister of Pakistan, was
disqualified by the Supreme
Court before the end of his
term.
New Prime Minister:
Raja Parvez Ashraf was
elected as the new Prime
Minister.
18th Constitutional
Amendment:
The 18th constitutional
amendment was passed by
Yousaf Raza Gilani's
government. Under this
amendment, many powers of
the Federal Government like
health, education, sports, social
welfare, etc. were transferred
to provincial governments.
Completion of Term: Pakistan
People's Party completed five
years of its term in March
2013.

Elections 2013 and Nawaz Sharif's Third Term as Prime Minister:**

Date Event Details
May 11, 2013 Election in 2013
Nawaz Sharif’s Third Term as - Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Prime Minister returned as the majority party
in the election held on May 11,
2013.
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
was elected Prime Minister for
the third time.

New President Mamnoon Hussain was elected

as President. It was the first
time in the country's history
that an elected government
(PPP) transferred power to the
newly elected government
(PML-N) after completing its
tenure in office.
2017 Disqualification Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
was disqualified for the office
 of the Prime Minister in the
Panama Papers Case in 2017.

Legal Sentencing He was sent to jail for a period

of ten years by an
Accountability Court.

2018 Disqualification from Party In 2018, Nawaz Sharif was

Office also disqualified from holding
any party office.

August 2017-May 2018
Next Prime Minister
Shahid Khagan Abbasi (PML-
N) was elected as the next
Prime Minister. He remained in
office from August 2017 to
May 2018.

Elections 2018 and Establishment of Imran Khan's Government

2018 Election: Ex-cricketer Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaf (PTI) emerged as the largest
parliamentary party.
Government Formation: He was able to form a government with the help of five lesser parliamentary
parties.