Scaffolding Standard OHS 03M-Rev01

ADANI GROUP
OHS Procedure for

Scaffolding
OHS-03-M
DOCUMENT HISTORY:
Date Rev No. Key Changes

00 Issued for implementation
06/02/2021 01 Reviewed and aligned with Group SAFETY Governance Process
Approved by:
Jayadeb Nanda
COO – O&M (Thermal Business) (08th Feb 2021)
Chairman – group SR&P Task Force
Birendra Kumar Verma

Group Head Safety ________________
(08th Feb 2021)
Anil Sardana
Co-Chairman (Apex SAFETY Council)
& Group Service Head – Safety & Business Excellence ________________
(Signature)
Date: 09th Feb 2021

OHS
Document Reference N Rev01
Policy/ Standard/ Procedure
Issue Date: 10/02/2021
Scaffolding Standard Effective Date: 15/02/2021
Group Safety Approved by: Group Safety
Contents
1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Objective ................................................................................................................................. 2
3. Scope....................................................................................................................................... 2
4. References ............................................................................................................................... 2
5. Management Responsibilities .................................................................................................. 2
6. Definitions & Terminologies ..................................................................................................... 3
7. Standards / Guidelines ............................................................................................................. 7
7.1 General Requirement ............................................................................................................. 7
7.2 Scaffolding Material Selection ................................................................................................ 8
7.3 Scaffolding Professional .......................................................................................................... 9
7.4 A Specification,SWL of Scaffolding Components ...................................................................... 12
7.4 B Step by Step Assesmble Instruction for Tube & Cuplers Scaffold .......................................... 13
7.5 Step by Step Assesmble Instruction for Cup-Lock Scaffold ..................................................... 14
7.6 Use....................................................................................................................................... 15
7.7 Storage & Inspection of Materials ......................................................................................... 15
7.8 Safe Dismantling & Storage of Scaffold Materials .................................................................. 15
7.9 Tagging System..................................................................................................................... 16
8. Types of Scaffolds .................................................................................................................. 15
9. Basic Principle of Scaffolding Design ....................................................................................... 17
10. Physical Inspection of Scaffold Materials before use............................................................... 19
11. Do’s & Don’ts ......................................................................................................................... 20
12. Ergonomic Aspects of Manual Handling.................................................................................. 21
13. Annexures ............................................................................................................................. 25
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1. Purpose
This standard has been developed by cross functional team from all sites of Adani group. The requirements which have
been identified here are equally applicable across all sites of Adani group. This will also help in bringing about a
consistency in the process used across all locations.
The Standard will help to provide a new impetus towards achieving the best in class safety standards. This standard is
formulated based on best practices.
2. Objective
The objective of this procedure is to define the Scaffolding process & methodology at all levels including Company and
Contractual Employee there by ensuring a safe workplace for all.
3. Scope
This Procedure applies to all facilities associated with ADANI where work involving the use of scaffolding.
The standard covers the type of scaffolds that are erected for providing access to people for working at height.
This standard should be used in conjunction with local regulations, agreed standards, manufacturers’ recommendations,
site specific procedures and training programs to help achieve safe scaffold erection and use.
4. References
Corporate HSE Policy

Corporate Standards and Procedures
• Working at Height Standard and Procedure. Doc. #OHS 12 C Rev01
• Work Permit /Procedure, Doc.# OHS 12 Rev01
• JSA/HIRA standard and Procedure, Doc.# OHS 11, Rev01
• Confined Space Entry Standard and Procedure, Doc.# OHS 12 B Rev01
• Contractor Safety Management System, Doc.# OHS 08 Rev.02
Other references
National Standards
• IS: 3696 (Part 1) – 1987 (Scaffolds) Safety code of scaffolds and ladders
• IS: 4014 – 1967 – Code of practice for steel tubular scaffoldings
• IS: 3521 – 1999 – Industrial safety belts and harnesses
• IS: 2750 – 1964 – Specification for steel Scaffolding
• Building and Other Construction Workers’ (Regulation of employment and conditions of service) Central Rules, 1998.
International Standards
• BS EN 12811 & BS EN 12810 - TG20:13 - Technical Guidance on the use of BS EN12811-1 & other European & British
Standards.
• OSHA: 29 CFR Part 1926: Safety Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry
• ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2001, Scaffolding Safety Requirements
5. Management Responsibilities
Management of all business units and their sites under Adani group will make resources available to implement this
standard. Line management at each group has the responsibility to implement this standard.
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6. Definitions & Terminologies
6.1. Competent person: Qualified Engineer with relevant experience and training
• is knowledgeable of applicable fall protection systems (including anchor points, lifelines) and scaffolding regulations;
• is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards related to Working at Heights, including the erection,
alteration, dismantlement, storage, and inspection of scaffolding; and
• Has the authority to take prompt corrective actions to eliminate such hazards.
Competent persons would act as the subject matter experts for Work at Height and Scaffolding related matters and
provide the necessary technical inputs to the Qualified Inspectors and the line management.
6.2. Qualified Inspector: Any person who has the relevant qualification, experience, and training to evaluate hazards,
supervise work and carry out the required inspections & audits for work at height and scaffold related activities,
equipment etc.
6.3. Scaffolder: A person who through training and/or experience is capable of erecting, moving, modifying and
dismantling scaffold. He must comply with the entire requirement listed here to work as Scaffolder.
6.4. Scaffold: any temporary elevated platform (suspended or supported) and its supporting structure (including points
of anchorage) used for supporting workmen, materials, or both.
6.5. Fabricated-frame scaffold—a scaffold consisting of a platform(s) supported on fabricated end frames with integral
posts, horizontal bearers, and intermediate members (also known as welded-frame scaffold and sectional scaffold
e.g. H- Frame).
6.6. Supported scaffold—one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts,
frames, castor wheels, or similar rigid support. Examples include fabricated-frame scaffold, system scaffold, tube-
and-coupler scaffold, and manually propelled mobile scaffold.
Fabricated-frame scaffold Supported Scaffold

6.7. Suspension (suspended) scaffold—one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an
overhead structure(s).
6.8. System scaffold—a scaffold consisting of posts with fixed connection points that accept runners, bearers, and
diagonals that can be interconnected at predetermined levels (example cup-lock type, quick erect type scaffolds).
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Suspension (Suspended) Scaffold
System Scaffold
6.9. Tube-and-coupler scaffold—a supported or suspended scaffold consisting of a platform(s)supported by tubing,

erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers, and runners (also known as tube-and-clamp
scaffold), coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers, and runners (also known as tube-and-clamp
scaffold).
6.10. Mobile (rolling) scaffold: A castor-mounted sections of tubular metal scaffolds and are used for work on street
lighting, plant etc.
Mobile Scaffold
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6.11. Standard: A vertical or near vertical member used in the construction of scaffold for transmitting the load to the
foundation.
6.12. Ledger: A horizontal member which ties the standard at right angles and which may support putlogs and
transoms.
6.13. Putlog: A scaffold member spanning from ledger to ledger or from ledger/standard to a building and upon which
platform rests.
6.14. Transom: A member spanning across ledgers/standards to tie a scaffold transversely and which may also support
a working platform.
6.15. Brace: A member fixed diagonally across two or more members in a scaffold to afford stability.
6.16. Bracing: Bracing is a system of braces or ties that prevent distortion of a scaffold.
6.17. Coupler: A component used to fix scaffold tubes together.
6.18. Joint pin: An expanding fitting placed in the bore of a tube to connect one tube to another coaxially.
6.19. Guard rail: A horizontal rail secured to standards and erected along the exposed edges of scaffolds to prevent
workmen from falling.
6.20. Toe Board: A barrier placed along the edge of scaffold platform and secured there to guard against the falling of
material and equipment.
6.21. Kicker Lift: The vertical distance measured from ground to the center of first ledger, normally this distance is 150
mm from ground.
6.22. Racker: An inclined load bearing tube that braces the scaffold against ground.
6.23. Lift Height: The vertical distance measured between centers of two ledgers. Normal lift height ranges from 1.8
to 2.2 M.
6.24. Base Plate: It is a Mild Steel (MS) square plate of 150 mm x 150 mm x 6 mm thick with 38 mm diameter and 75
mm long spigot supporting at bottom to the standard at ground.
6.25. Adjustable base plate: A metal base plate embodying a screw Jack.
6.26. Sole Plate: It is a Mild Steel plate of 300 mm x 300 mm x 6 mm thick, provided below the base plate in unpaved
area. In case of wooden sole plate, 300 mm x 300 mm x 38 mm thick wooden planks can be used.
6.27. Bay Length: It is the space between the center lines of two adjacent standards along the face of the scaffold.
6.28. Bay Width: It is the space between the center lines of two adjacent standards, front and rear side of the scaffold.
6.29. Live load: That portion of a load which does not include any part of the scaffolding or decking supporting the
load, and comprises the weight of workers and/or materials.
6.30. Dead load: That portion of a load which includes the weight of all parts of the scaffolding except persons and
environmental load.
6.31. Safe working load (SWL): The maximum load calculated in accordance with sound and accepted engineering
practices, which can be supported safely under normal working conditions.
6.32. Risk Assessment: A process used to assess the risk associated with any activity by identifying the hazards and
evaluating the control measures, before starting the job. For example: Hazard Identification Risk Analysis (HIRA),
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) etc.
6.33. Safety Net: A device used as a fall-protection device for people working at height. Safety nets alone shall not be
the means of fall protection and shall be used only as a secondary fall-protection. Safety nets are also used to
protect people working below from falling personnel and materials.
6.34. Job Safety Analysis: Job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health
principles and practices into a particular task or job. In a JSA, for each basic step of the job it is to identify potential
hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job.
6.35. Risk – The likelihood (probability) which can lead to potential negative consequences
6.36. Severity – The level of consequence / harm of an event that could occur due to exposure to the hazard present
6.37. Task / Activity – A sequence of steps taken to conduct a job. A task is a sub element of a job.
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Note: Some of the common definitions, used in conjunction with scaffold, are illustrated in the below diagram for
the ease of understanding.
Illustrative Diagram – Scaffold Terminology
7. Standards / Guidelines
7.1. General
Adani Business/company activities, projects and managed operations shall ensure that:
a. A scaffolding management program is developed that includes planning, risk assessment and control measures
for the safe erection, use, maintenance, alteration, dismantling, inspection, and maintenance of scaffolds.
b. All employees involved in the erection, installation, alteration, maintenance or dismantling of a scaffold are
qualified and competent based on training or certification. Site shall maintain list of competent persons and
scaffold supervisors.
c. All employees who are involved in erection, alternation, inspection and dismantling of scaffolding are trained
according to the manufacturer’s specifications.
d. Inspection checklist and systems are in place to ensure structural integrity.
e. All erected scaffolding shall be first inspected by a competent person as per the checklist and then it shall be
certified as suitable for use as per findings. Unsuitable and uncompleted scaffold shall be labeled as not suitable
for use.
f. Besides certification at the beginning and daily inspection, based on long term use of scaffolding, process of re-
certification shall be established.
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g. All scaffolding work including erection, alteration, maintenance and dismantling shall be appropriately supervised
and controlled through permit to work system.
h. The place of scaffolding erection and work is safe both in terms of soil compactness and surrounding hazards,
examples, of such hazards are hot surfaces, steam, power lines, etc.)
i. Scaffolding shall have handrail, mid-rail and toe board as per standard in order to eliminate fall hazard.
j. Employees while using scaffolding shall comply with safe work practices, with authorized permit to work system
and use of required PPE in accordance with site's instructions and job safety analysis prepared for the job,
k. Job on scaffolding shall not be allowed in case on unfavorable weather conditions.
l. Area under and nearby scaffolding shall be barricaded to prevent exposure to any falling material to any nearby
passing people.
m. All dismantling of scaffolding shall be carried out as per approved plan by a competent person.
n. Associated safe systems of work and site rules are included in the general conditions of Contracts (GCC) at Adani.
o. All incidents, accidents, near misses, equipment failure or damage are reported and recorded.
The key functional elements of scaffolding management program are schematically presented below;
7.2. Scaffold Material Selection
Steel scaffolding Material Specification should be as per IS: 2750- 1964, BS EN 12811 and BS EN 12810
Other scaffolding material Specification should follow the relevant IS codes as mentioned in the references section 3.0.
Choose a scaffold supplier, rental agency and/or erector who is thoroughly knowledgeable about the equipment needed
and its safe use.
Obtain the owner’s manual prepared by the scaffolding manufacturer, which states equipment limitations, special
warnings, and intended use and maintenance requirements.
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7.3. Scaffolding professional
7.3.1. To be a scaffolder
When it comes to erecting scaffolding it is important for people putting the scaffolding up to be fully trained. Before
becoming a scaffolder there are certain things need to take into consideration such as skills and interests, here are some
examples of the skills and interests one should have when planning on becoming a scaffolder:
• Eye to Hand Co-ordination
• Physically fit
• Working as a team
• Health and safety
A person undertaking scaffolding work shall hold the relevant class of scaffolding high-risk work license as required by
the applicable regulations. The scaffolding high risk work license classes or training certificates may include:
a. Basic scaffolding license
b. Intermediate scaffolding license
c. Advanced scaffolding license
d. Scaffolding Management Program Elements
In event of no legal requirement, BUs/ Site shall arrange a competency development program for its select employees
through use of registered and competent scaffolding expert agency so that necessary expertise and competency shall be
made available at sites. In case when Adani opt to use contractors to meet its scaffolding requirements, scaffold
contractor shall provide equivalent evidence of staff qualifications / competencies and certification prior to
commencement of work
7.3.2. Working tools and PPEs for scaffolders/ Crew
The supervisor or foreman shall be provided with the following work tools as a minimum.
• Safety Harness & Lanyard
• Magnetic Spirit Level/plumb-bob
• Five (5) Meter measure Tape.
• Adjustable wrench or Scaffold Key (with rope)
• Hammer (with rope)
• Tool Belt
• Common PPEs.
• Safety Boot/Shoes, Safety Helmet, Safety belt, Hand gloves/Apron, Eye-shields, Nose mask (for dust), Ear plug (for
noise).
Safe scaffold erection and use should begin by developing policy and work rules. Policy and work rules should concentrate
on sound design.
The scaffold should be capable of supporting its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load to be
applied or transmitted to the scaffold and components.
7.3.3. Selecting the right scaffold for the job

• Choose a scaffold supplier, rental agency and/or erector who is thoroughly knowledgeable about the equipment
needed and its safe use.
• Obtain the owner’s manual prepared by the scaffolding manufacturer, which states equipment limitations, special
warnings, and intended use and maintenance requirements.
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7.3.4. Assigning personnel

Assign a competent person to oversee the scaffold selection, erection, use, movement, alteration, dismantling,
maintenance and inspection. Only assign trained and experienced personnel to work on scaffolding. Ensure that they are
knowledgeable about the type of scaffolding to be used and about the proper selection, care and use of fall protection
equipment (perimeter protection, fall protection/work positioning belts and full harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, rope grabs,
shock absorbers, etc.
7.3.5. Training
• Training should focus on proper erection, handling, use, inspection, removal and care of the scaffolds. Training
must also include the installation of fall protection, particularly guardrails, and the proper selection, use and care
of fall arrest equipment.
• The competent person(s) should receive additional training regarding the selection of scaffolds, recognition of
site conditions, scaffold hazard recognition, protection of exposed personnel and the public, repair and
replacement options, and requirements of standards.
• Site management personnel should also be familiar with correct scaffolding procedures so they can better
determine needs and identify deficiencies.
7.3.6. Fall protection

• Guardrails must be installed on all scaffold platforms in accordance with required standards and at least consist
of top rails, mid rails, and toe-boards.
• Workers on suspended scaffolds must use a fall arrest system as protection against the failure of the scaffold or
its components. This system will usually consist of a full body harness, lanyard, rope grab, independent vertical
lifeline, and an independent lifeline anchorage.
• The full body harness is a belt system designed to distribute the impact energy of a fall over the shoulders,
thighs, and buttocks.
• It is important to remember that fall protection is only as good as its anchorage. The anchorage points are
independent points on structures where lifelines are securely attached.
7.3.7. Guidelines for proper erection

• Supervision of the erection of scaffolding must be done by a competent, skilled, experienced and trained person
to ensure safe installation according to the manufacturer’s specifications and other requirements.
• Be sure that fall protection equipment is available before beginning erection and use it as needed. Examine all
scaffold components prior to erection. Return and tag “Do Not Use” or destroy defective components.
• Prohibit or restrict the intermixing of manufactured scaffold components, unless: (1) the components fit
together properly, without force, (2) the use of dissimilar metals will not reduce strength, and (3) the design
load capacities are maintained.
• All scaffold platforms should be planked as fully as possible with gaps between planks no more than 25.00 mm
wide (to account for plank warp and wane).
• Cross braces and scaffold frames shall not be used for access scaffold platforms unless they are equipped with
a built-in ladder specifically designed for such purpose.
• All ladders in use must meet OSHA specifications, designed according to standards and secured against
displacement. The bottom steps of ladders must not be more than 600 mm from the supporting level.
• Landing Platform/Rest platforms are recommended for at least every 6.0 Meter elevation.
7.3.8. General Erection Procedure

Identification hazards shall be made before erecting, dismantling, moving, or modifying scaffolding.
Examples of hazards to consider include the following:
• Working at heights • Confined spaces •The condition of working surfaces • Erection/dismantling during night
• The presence of nearby electrical lines or process equipment • Hazardous area classification
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• The presence and activity of other people in the vicinity of the work
• Adverse weather (for e.g.: High Temperature, Thunderstorms, Heavy rain, high wind velocity, etc.)
This assessment could be part of the site work permit process but should also be extended to the specific job
planning of the crew performing the work. Appropriate actions shall be taken to mitigate the hazards identified
during the assessment.
a. The scaffold should be capable of supporting its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended
load to be applied or transmitted to the scaffold and components.
b. Scaffolding shall be erected, dismantled, moved, and modified only under the direction of a Qualified
Inspector and by workmen (scaffolders) who have received appropriate and specific training for the work
they are to perform.
c. When scaffolding is erected by a contractor, site management shall require documentation and/or
demonstration that contractor employees have appropriate training, experience, and skills. Determination and
designation of Qualified Inspectors for contracted scaffold erection are the responsibility of the contractor and
the line management. Contracts under Annual Maintenance /Regular type contractors to have a small site
demo setup for examining the new workers coming as scaffolders.
d. Fall protection when erecting, dismantling, and modifying scaffolds shall be under the direction of a Qualified
Inspector. Scaffolders shall use personal fall-arrest systems that provide continuous fall protection while
erecting, dismantling, or modifying scaffolds unless the determination is made by a competent person that fall
protection is not feasible or it creates a greater hazard. Fall protection can be accomplished using adequate
anchorages that are independent of the scaffold or by using scaffold systems and components that are
approved by the manufacturer as adequate anchorages. Employees, including contractor employees, shall use
appropriate fall-arrest equipment in accordance with Adani Standard and procedure for Work at Height,
including personal fall arrest systems.
e. Standard scaffold planks shall not be used for purposes other than scaffold decking.
f. The footing for supported scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the maximum intended
load, including the weight of the scaffold.
g. Scaffolds shall be secured from tipping when the scaffold height exceeds four times its minimum base.
h. Scaffolds determined to be unsafe for use shall be tagged with red tag or otherwise identified.
i. Toe boards should be used where possible on scaffold decks. Toe boards shall be securely attached when used
j. Scaffolds shall be built with complete decking and guardrails where possible.
k. Appropriate barricades shall be installed to protect people below in the vicinity/ ground level during scaffold
erection, use, modification, and dismantlement.
l. Manufacturer’s guidelines for scaffold erection shall be followed unless a competent person approves the
variance and provided the variance complies with applicable regulations and generally accepted scaffold
engineering practices.
m. Scaffold manufacturer’s guidelines for erection and inspection shall be available on site for reference.
n. Each erected scaffold shall be inspected before it is first used, after it is modified, or following any event that
could have affected the structural integrity of the scaffold. Inspections must be performed by the Qualified
Inspectors and must be documented. An inspection tag is an example of documentation.
o. Prohibit or restrict the intermixing of manufactured scaffold components, unless: (1) the components fit
together properly, without force, (2) the use of dissimilar metals will not reduce strength, and (3) the design
load capacities are maintained.
p. All scaffold platforms should be planked as fully as possible with gaps between planks no more than 25.00 mm
wide (to account for plank warp and wane).
q. Cross braces and scaffold frames shall not be used for access scaffold platforms unless they are equipped with
a built-in ladder specifically designed for such purpose.
r. All ladders in use must be designed according to standards and secured against displacement. The bottom
steps of ladders must not be more than 600 mm from the supporting level.
s. Landing Platform/Rest platforms are recommended for at least every 6.0 Meter elevation.
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7.4. A. Specification, SWL of Scaffolding Components as per Relevant Standards

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7.4 B Step by Step assemble instruction for Tube & Coupler Scaffolds
Step-01 Step-02 Step-03

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7.5. Step by Step assemble instruction for Cup-Lock Scaffolds
Step-13
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7.6. Use
• All employees who use scaffolds shall be trained in Adani group Working at height and Scaffold procedures. The
scope of the training shall include the appropriate safe working practices for the work to be performed and
guidance on assessing hazards and selecting the proper protective measures.
• Personnel working below and passersby shall be protected from overhead hazards.
• Safe access shall be provided for scaffold users. Cross-bracing shall not be used for access. End frames shall not
be used for access unless they were designed for use as access.
• Employees who use scaffolds must assess the hazards posed by working on them and take appropriate
precautions to mitigate the hazards.
• No scaffold shall be loaded beyond the working load for which it is intended (indicative loading shall be clearly
known to scaffolding supervisor and site testing can be done practical conditions.)
• Employees shall use appropriate fall-arrest equipment in accordance with standard when working on scaffolds
at all times irrespective of whether it is equipped with standard guardrails and has complete decking.
• For suspended / Scaffold stage system designed for special / critical jobs like for chimney painting, shall be tested
by a competent third party after installation.
7.7. Storage and inspection of materials

• Scaffold materials and components should be stored to protect them from mechanical and environmental
damage e.g., rain, heat, or chemical exposure (like saline environment, ash, dry cargo, corrosive & hazardous
chemicals).
• Scaffold materials and components shall be visually inspected before every use. They should also be visually
inspected before being returned to storage. Damaged scaffold material shall be segregated, discarded &
disposed. Scaffold material found in good & reusable condition shall only be allowed to return to storage.
• Scaffold components, including planking should be visually inspected periodically. The interval between
inspections shall be determined by the site HRA subcommittee in consultation with the competent persons based
on Local regulations (mandatory if applicable), manufacturer’s recommendations (where available) or in its’
absence decided based on industry best practices & experience.
7.8. Safe Dismantling and Storage of Scaffold materials for future use
• Dismantling must be carefully planned in reverse sequence—opening the structural members and lowering,
transporting, and stacking them safely for future use.
• Dismantle scaffold down to each tie before removing ties and braces must not be dropped.
• All scaffold material must be passed down one lift at a time.
• Scaffold material should be passed and stacked on a loading bay when erected to be lifted by a crane.
• Loose scaffold material should not be left on scaffold.
• Signs and barricades must always be erected to scaffolding if the scaffold is to be left at any time before it is
completely dismantled.
• Scaffold material must not be dropped to the ground.
• Scaffold must be clear of all other material and other trades before scaffolders commence dismantling.
• Scaffold material must be stacked into pallet or cage pallets to keep base of scaffold tidy.
• Dismantling a scaffold can place large loads on the scaffold unless the work is planned to keep the amount of
material stored on the scaffold to a minimum. The work should be planned so that the scaffold will not become
unstable.
• The scaffold should be examined to ensure that the foundation is adequate and that all ties and braces are in
position and are effective.
• Any defects found in the scaffold should be attended before commencing dismantling.
• The dismantling should be planned so that stability is assured by providing adequate bracing and ties and by
restricting the imposed loads due to stacked scaffold components.
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• Where the scaffold must be used to temporarily store large amounts of components, it should be strengthened
and stabilized, e.g. by providing extra standards, ties or rakers.
• Prominent warning notices should be placed and access to the danger zone should be prevented.
• Workers should be protected from falling during dismantling of scaffolding.
• Workers and members of the public should be protected from the risk of being struck by falling scaffold
components.
7.9. Tagging System:

• For any type of Scaffolding – “No Tag No Access” that
means that the scaffolding cannot be used, because
nothing is certainly known about the subject scaffold.
Unknown use may result in any sort of accidents or
material damage.
• Scaffold tags are used to safely control how and when
scaffolds are used.
• Scaffold tag indicates type of scaffold and precautions to
follow while on scaffold.
• Green: All components present, scaffolding fully erected
and is ready for use- for the class of duty mentioned on
the tag, e.g.-light duty, medium duty etc.
• Red: Unsafe; do not use. Red sign indicates that
something is defective, and the scaffolding has been
declared as “NOT FOR USE”
• Yellow: Incomplete and should not be used.
8. Types of Scaffolds
Depending on its use and design, scaffolding may be standing, freestanding, Cantilever, hanging, suspended, mobile or
special.
Dependent Scaffold
Pole scaffold- with only one row of standards and other side supported on wall or any structure.
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Independent Scaffold Tower Scaffold Mobile Scaffold
Hung Scaffold Birdcage Scaffold Suspended Scaffold
Spur or Extended Scaffold Cantilever Scaffold Beam Cantilever Scaffolds

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Drop Scaffolds Sloping Platform Scaffolds
9. Basic Principle of Scaffolding Design

A basic principle of scaffolding design shall be based on;
• The strength, stability and rigidity of the supporting structure;
• The handling normally associated with scaffolding;
• The safety of persons engaged in the erection, alteration and dismantling of the scaffold;
• The safety of persons using the scaffold;
Basic scaffolding Design considerations
Before the erection of any scaffold the following points must be clearly defined:
• What is the scaffold for?
• Exactly where is it to be erected?
• What materials are to be used?
• Can safe access be provided for the erection and use of the scaffold?
• How many working platforms will there be?
• What loadings will be imposed upon those working platforms, and on the scaffold as a whole?
• Is the ground condition where the scaffold is to be erected suitable?
• How and where can the scaffold be tied in?
• What bracing will be required?
Following three main types of loading need to be considered for Design:
Permanent loads; (Dead Load)
Its includes the self-weight of the scaffold structure, including all components, such as platforms, fences, fans and other
protective structures and any ancillary structures such as hoist towers.
Variable loads; (Live Load)
It includes service loads (loading on the working area, loads on the side protection) and wind loads and, if appropriate,
snow and ice loads.
Accidental loads; (Environmental Load)
Wind load: the total force exerted by the wind on a scaffold or platform.
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Design Loading
The design load is the maximum weight that a scaffold or structure can safety support.
The design loads are as per using load tables in accordance with appropriate limits, standards and specifications.
Scaffolds have different design loadings and minimum platform sizes according to their load bearing capabilities:
Maximum
Maximum
Scaffold spacing Typical load
Type of Scaffold Use of Scaffold number of working
loading per m2 between examples per bay
platforms
Standards
Very light duty Inspection access 75 kg 1 working platform 2.7 m 1 man and tools.
independent and painting No materials
Light duty Power cleaning, 150 kg 2 working platforms 2.4 m 2 men and tools.
independent painting, light No materials
engineering
General purpose Light engineering, 200 kg 2 working platforms 2.1 m 2 men and 175
independent e.g. welding or and 1 at very light kg of materials
electrical duty
Heavy duty Heavy engineering, 250 kg 2 working platforms 2.0 m 2 men and 250
independent e.g. large pipework and 1 at very light kg of materials
or structural duty
Special purpose To be stated on design drawings
10. Physical Inspection of Scaffold Materials before use

Inspection, Selection, Up-keep of construction Materials, such as Fittings, Tubes, Planks etc.
Inspection Prior to Use:
The HSE Regulations and various standards prescribe scaffolding made of timber, steel tubes, aluminum tubes or
prefabricated frames, however, timber scaffolding is banned within Adani Group. Other materials, provided they are
suitable and adequate in strength, may be used subject to the approval of competent authority.
All materials should be inspected by a competent person before use.
• The inspection should be performed before dispatch to the site or upon arrival at the site.
• An area should be set aside with proper labeling for damaged or defective material.
• Signs should be erected indicating that the material is defective and is not to be used.
• Check the following points during inspection
o solid foundations & stable conditions of ground surface
o complete working platforms
o suitable anchorage points & tie-off points
o guardrails
o loose connections
o damaged components
o proper access & use of fall protection equipment
OHS
11. Do’s & Don’ts
WORKING ON SCAFFOLDING
Do’s Don’ts
Use tubular metallic scaffold of standard design and The use of cross brace or frame work as means of
strength. access to the working surface should not be permitted
Barrels, boxes or other unstable object should not be

Provide guardrail of at least 1 meter & toe board of 15-
used to support planks used as working platform.
cm height on scaffolds.
Provide lateral support to scaffolds if the height is more Scaffold should not be used for storage of heavy
than 3 times its base or width. materials.
OHS
Provide base plate to vertical member & scaffolds if the Persons should not work on scaffolds when platforms
earth has loose soil. or guard rails are slippery and during storm or strong
wind.
No scaffolds, ladders, working platform, gangways, runs

Wear safety belt while working on unguarded scaffolds.
etc. shall exist within 3m of any uninsulated electric
wire.
The planks used for working platform shall not project. Do not stand on the member of scaffolds (without
beyond the end support to a distance extending four providing platform) and try to over reach from the
times the thickness of the planks. scaffolds.
While dismantling scaffold, first do not try to remove

Cordon off the working area.
the lower bracing of scaffolds.
OHS
Engineer-in-charge of the work should ensure stability Do not use scrap wood / packing wood etc. as
of the scaffold after its erection. scaffolding planks.
12. Ergonomic Aspects of Manual Handling
Ergonomic aspects entail the scientific approach to making work human. It is a technique that brings together the
application of the human biological sciences in conjunction with the engineering sciences to achieve the optimum mutual
adjustment of man with his work, the benefits being measured in terms of human efficiency and well-being.
Materials handling, whether doing manually or with mechanical equipment, can be a major source of occupational
injuries, if safe methods are not adopted.
Manual Handling Methods:

Manual handling of materials accounts for an estimated 25 percent of all occupational injuries. There injuries are
caused by
• Hazardous ingredients
• Improper lifting
• Carrying too heavy a load
• Incorrect gripping
• Failing to observe proper foot or head clearances
• Failing to use or wear proper safety equipment
• Poor job design
Large nos. of injuries occur to the fingers and hands during Manual Material Handling (MMH). Workers need to be
trained by the concerned supervisors how to pick up and put down heavy, bulky, or long objects.
Some general precautions are:

• Inspect materials for slivers, jagged edges, burrs, rough or slippery surfaces
• Get a firm grip on the object.
• Keep fingers away from pinch points, especially when putting materials down.
• When handling lumber, pipes, or other long objects, keep hands away from the ends to prevent them from being
pinched.
• Wipe off greasy, wet, slippery, or dirty objects before trying to handle them.
• Keeps hands free of oil and grease.

OHS
Lifting and carrying:

The basic rules and instructions to be followed for manual lifting include:
• Never let workers overexert themselves when lifting. If the load is thought to be more than one person can
handle, assign another person to the job.
• Lift gradually, without jerking, to minimize the effects of acceleration.
• Keep the load to the body
USE OF PORTABLE LADDER
Do’s Don’ts
Keep the ladder such that horizontal distance of Do not over reach from ladder to access to
the base from the object is about one fourth of a job.
height of ladder or the angle subtended by the
ladder with horizontal is 75 degree.
Inspect the ladder visually for any defect or Do not put a ladder in front of the door,
missing rungs before use. which might open.
Do not use the ladder without earthing

Have another person to hold the ladder while it
while carrying out work on electrical
is being securely tied at the top or for full
duration of usage if it is not practical to tie. installation.
OHS
Ensure rubber shoes are fitted to the ladder and Do not keep loose tools on top of a ladder.
it is not slippery. While climbing up or down,
always face towards the ladder.
Be careful while carrying ladder at blind corners. Portable ladder of length more than 9m, is
Select the appropriate ladder for the job. not permitted to be used.
Metal ladder with insulating rubber shoes shall Do not use ladder as a platform.
only be used for working with electrical lines.
Store the ladder upon bracket and in sheltered Never lean or support a ladder against
location in horizontal position. loose boxes, barrels, round objects or
other unsafe backing.
OHS
Ensure that at-least three limbs are in contact Don’t use a makeshift ladder.
with ladder (two hands one leg or two legs one
hand).
When portable ladders are used for accessing Ladders should not be stored in locations
any height, ensure that the ladder has an where they may be struck in any way.
overhang of one meter above the landing at
height.
OHS
13. Annexures
13.1 Checklist for Materials before use:

Site:………………………………………………………………………………… Location: ………………………………
Date: …./…../……… Copies to: ……………………………
Item Quantity Comments Acceptable (Y/N)
Sole Boards
Base Jacks
Base plates
Standards
Ledgers
Transoms
Intermediate Transoms
Right Angle Couplers
Scaffold Tube
Decking
Diagonal Braces
Access stairs or ladders
Cantilever Bracket Assemblies Bridging Ledger
Erection and Use Instructions
Other Components
OHS
13.2 Checklist for Scaffolding Inspection:
S/N ITEMS TO BE INSPECTED YES NO ACTION/COMMENT

1. Has the scaffold been inspected within the last 7 days
and the scaffold register completed to include any
changes to the scaffold?
2. Is the surrounding area and the vicinity of the bases for
the scaffold water-logged?
3. Are the scaffold components and fittings showing no
signs of deterioration by rusting?
4. Are the sole plates and base plates still in good condition
and in its original position?
5. Are the standards or frames plumbs, as Observed from
base level?
6. Are the ledgers and transoms horizontal as above?
7. Are all bracing completed?
8. Are the tie-ins to the structure correctly installed and in
sufficient number and correct position to ensure the
stability of the scaffold?
9. Are all fittings tidy and undamaged?
10. Are there any excavations or new constructions, which
may affect the stability of the scaffold?
11. Are precautions being taken to prevent accidental

damage to the scaffold by traffic or other causes?
12. Is the ladder access easy to climb?

13. Are ladders giving access to working platforms securely
fixed at top and bottom, completely decked out and toe-
boards fitted?
14. Are all working platform completely decked out and toe-
boards fitted?
15. Are guardrails fitted at correct height and location?
16. Are the working platforms, access ways and landing

cleared off any Obstructions, loose object and tripping
hazards?
17. Do the working platforms feel “SOLID” to walk-on?
18. Are materials, stored on the platform, dispersed so as

not to cause a concentration of load in excess of that
permitted?
19. Has the scaffold been used only for its intended
purpose? E.g. it has not been Used to support formwork,
shoring or as a stabilizer for another scaffold?
20. Are you satisfied that the scaffold is safe for its intended
purpose?
OHS
13.3: Reference Framework
Reference Full Title, Brief Description and Web-links
Occupational Safety and Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry (29 CFR 1910.28) and
Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Construction Industry (29 CFR 1926.451).
USA
https://www.osha.gov
American National ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011 Scaffolding Safety Requirements

Standards Institute
www.ansi.org
(ANSI)
Work Place Safety and The Workplace Safety and Health (Scaffolds) Regulations 2011.
Health, Singapore
http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/
British Standard Institute BS EN 1004:2004 - Mobile access and working towers made of prefabricated
elements. Materials, dimensions, design loads, safety and performance
requirements (replaced BS 1139)
BS EN 12811-1:2003 - Temporary works equipment. Scaffolds. Performance

requirements and general design (replaced BS 5973)
BS 5974:2010 - Code of practice for the planning, design, setting up and use of
temporary suspended access equipment
http://shop.bsigroup.com/
Australian Standard AS/NMS 1576.1General scaffolding requirements

AS 1576.2Scaffold couplers and accessories
AS 1577: Scaffold decking components
AS 1576.4Scaffolding - suspended scaffolding
Standards Australia www.standards.org.au/

Indian Standard Scaffolds and Ladders – Code of Safety (Part-1-Scaffolds – IS 3696 (Part-1), 1991,
Reaffirmed-1996)
Bureau of Indian Standards (BUS) www.bis.org.in/

Scaffolding Standard OHS 03M-Rev01

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Scaffolding Standard OHS 03M-Rev01

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ADANI GROUP

OHS Procedure for

Date Rev No. Key Changes

Birendra Kumar Verma

Date: 09th Feb 2021

Corporate HSE Policy

6. Definitions & Terminologies

Fabricated-frame scaffold Supported Scaffold

Suspension (Suspended) Scaffold

6.9. Tube-and-coupler scaffold—a supported or suspended scaffold consisting of a platform(s)supported by tubing,

Illustrative Diagram – Scaffold Terminology

7.2. Scaffold Material Selection

7.3. Scaffolding professional

7.3.3. Selecting the right scaffold for the job

7.3.4. Assigning personnel

7.3.6. Fall protection

7.3.7. Guidelines for proper erection

7.3.8. General Erection Procedure

7.4. A. Specification, SWL of Scaffolding Components as per Relevant Standards

Step-01 Step-02 Step-03

Step-04 Step-05 Step-06

Step-07 Step-08 Step-09

Step-10 Step-11 Step-12

7.5. Step by Step assemble instruction for Cup-Lock Scaffolds

Step-01 Step-02 Step-03

Step-04 Step-05 Step-06

Step-07 Step-08 Step-09

Step-10 Step-11 Step-12

7.7. Storage and inspection of materials

7.9. Tagging System:

Independent Scaffold Tower Scaffold Mobile Scaffold

Hung Scaffold Birdcage Scaffold Suspended Scaffold

Spur or Extended Scaffold Cantilever Scaffold Beam Cantilever Scaffolds

Drop Scaﬀolds Sloping Platform Scaﬀolds

9. Basic Principle of Scaffolding Design

Special purpose To be stated on design drawings

10. Physical Inspection of Scaffold Materials before use

Inspection Prior to Use:

All materials should be inspected by a competent person before use.

11. Do’s & Don’ts

Barrels, boxes or other unstable object should not be

No scaffolds, ladders, working platform, gangways, runs

While dismantling scaffold, first do not try to remove

12. Ergonomic Aspects of Manual Handling

Manual Handling Methods:

• Carrying too heavy a load

• Failing to observe proper foot or head clearances

• Failing to use or wear proper safety equipment

• Poor job design

Some general precautions are:

• Get a firm grip on the object.

• Keeps hands free of oil and grease.

Lifting and carrying:

• Lift gradually, without jerking, to minimize the effects of acceleration.

• Keep the load to the body

USE OF PORTABLE LADDER

Do not use the ladder without earthing

13.1 Checklist for Materials before use:

Date: …./…../……… Copies to: ……………………………

Item Quantity Comments Acceptable (Y/N)

Right Angle Couplers

Access stairs or ladders

Cantilever Bracket Assemblies Bridging Ledger

Erection and Use Instructions