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Carl, Bélanger, THINK Sociology 2CE – Test Item File
CHAPTER 7
SOCIAL CLASS IN CANADA
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) In 1965, John Porter described the features of class and stratification in Canada. He
wrote that “one of the most persistent images that Canadians have of their society is that
is has ____________ classes.”
a. three
b. two
c. no
d. six
Answer: c
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 131
Answer: c
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 133
3) Subita has a part-time job as a cashier at a grocery store. The money she receives on
her paycheque is her:
a. wealth
b. income
c. total net worth
d. dividend
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 133
4) Joshua is moving to Thailand to teach English classes. Because he will be out of the
country for five years, Joshua wants to sell all his material possessions including his car,
his furniture, and his electronics. The possessions along with the money that Joshua has
in the bank are valued at $50,000. This reflects Joshua’s:
a. wealth
b. income
c. prestige
d. power
Answer: a
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134
5) Statistics Canada conducts an annual survey of Canadian households that measures the
distribution of income. All households are listed, from poorest to richest, and then
divided into five groups called:
a. quartiles
b. quintiles
c. fifths
d. social classes
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 133
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 133
7) Between 1980 and 2010, the share of income of one quintile increased; the share of all
other quintiles fell during the same period. Which quintile saw their share of income
increase?
a. The richest quintile
b. The middle quintile
c. The lowest quintile
d. The third quintile
Answer: a
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 133
Answer: b
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134
9) A recent private-sector study showed that by the end of 2009, a little less than 4
percent of Canadian households controlled what percent of the total wealth in Canada?
a. 67 percent
b. 53 percent
c. 36 percent
d. 25 percent
Answer: a
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
10) In 2012, Canada’s Gini coefficient was 0.43, which is lower than that of the United
States. What does this mean?
a. There is less inequality in Canada
b. There is more inequality in Canada
c. Canadians have more income than Americans
d. Americans have more income than Canadians
Answer: a
Diff: challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134
11) Jawanna works at the school cafeteria. When most students go home for the summer
months, the cafeteria temporarily lays off the staff. Jawanna is usually out of work
between May and August. This lack of stable employment is called:
a. residual poverty
b. transitional poverty
c. marginal poverty
d. relative poverty
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
12) Bill and Louise are a married couple with two young children. Louise works as a
daycare attendant, and Bill works as a mechanic at a garage. Last year, Bill was laid off
for six months. During that time, the family had to cut back on many expenses. This
family experienced:
a. marginal poverty
b. transitional poverty
c. absolute poverty
d. unemployment poverty
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
13) Malcolm was born into a poor family. Both of his parents were also born into poor
families. Even more, Malcolm’s grandparents were born into poor families. This reflects:
a. relative poverty
b. absolute poverty
c. residual poverty
d. transitional poverty
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
14) Statistics Canada uses three measures of low income. The first identifies families that
spend at least 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income on food, clothing, and
shelter than the average family of the same size. This measure is called:
a. low income cut-off
b. low income measure
c. market basket measure
d. twenty percent measure
Answer: a
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
16) Which measure of poverty defines low-income Canadians as those living in families
that have an after-tax income lower than 50 percent of the median income for all
Canadian families?
a. Low income cut-off
b. Low income measure
c. Market basket measure
d. Fifty percent measure
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
17) Which Canadian measure of poverty accounts for regional differences in the cost of
living?
a. Low income measure
b. Low income cut-off
c. Market basket measure
d. Relative poverty measure
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
18) Three factors that influence the impact of poverty on families are:
a. its type, its reason, and its solution
b. its cause, its consequence, and its result
c. its depth, its breadth, and its duration
d. its region, its amount, and the number of people it affects
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134–135
19) Levi is a physician. He has the ability to get the nurses to do what he wants them to
do. He tells them what to do with the patients and when to do it. This ability to impose
his will on others reflects Levi’s:
a. power
b. prestige
c. wealth
d. income
Answer: a
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 136
20) A small group of people who hold immense power are called:
a. the dominant culture
b. the chosen few
c. the power elite
d. the proletariat
Answer: c
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 136
21) Roz is a 34-year-old public defense attorney. She is dating Peter, a garbage collector.
Roz is embarrassed about introducing Peter to her colleagues because Peter’s job has a
low level of respect and esteem. Roz is concerned about Peter’s:
a. wealth
b. income
c. power
d. prestige
Answer: d
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 136–137
22) Of all the industrial democracies, which country has the greatest percentage of
children living in poverty?
a. Japan
b. France
c. Canada
d. The United States
Answer: d
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 136
23) In 2001, which of the following was ranked as one of the top occupations in Canada?
a. Architect
b. Sports referee
c. Lawyer
d. Teacher
Answer: c
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 136–137
Answer: d
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 136
25) Barbara has trouble finding a steady job, and when she does, it is always one that
pays minimum wage. Barbara is a part of the:
a. working class
b. non-working class
c. lower class
d. middle class
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 138–139
26) Angela has a Master’s of Business Administration and earns a high salary as an
advertising executive. Angela is part of the:
a. lower class
b. middle class
c. upper middle class
d. working class
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 137
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 139
28) The fact that Cindy attended an exclusive prep school, belongs to exclusive social
clubs, and was born into a wealthy and powerful family qualifies her for membership in
the:
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 137
29) Shawn’s father is a plumber and his mother is a cleaner at the high school. Shawn
comes from a(n) _________________ class family.
a. working
b. middle
c. lower
d. urban under
Answer: a
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 138
30) Rupinder’s father is a certified electrician and his mother teaches Grade 3 at an
elementary school. Rupinder’s family is part of the:
a. middle class
b. upper class
c. working class
d. lower class
Answer: a
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 137–138
31) Which of the following groups had the highest low-income rate among working-age
income recipients in 2010?
a. Off-reserve Aboriginal people
Answer: d
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 139
32) In 2010, which group had the highest percentage of people in the low-income
category?
a. Two-parent families
b. Retired couples
c. 18 to 64 year olds
d. Female-headed lone parent families
Answer: d
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 139
Answer: c
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
34) Wesley’s grandfather was a sharecropper, farming someone else’s land. Wesley’s
father was a farmer who farmed his own land. Wesley owns an international dairy
company that responsible for providing milk products to people all around the world.
This is an example of:
a. horizontal mobility
b. intergenerational mobility
c. structural mobility
d. exchange mobility
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
35) Pavlo started out at the company as a mail room clerk. After two years he was
promoted to the position of Administrative Assistant. After five years, he became the
Office Manager and now he is being promoted to the position of Associate Director.
Pavlo has experienced:
a. employment mobility
b. horizontal mobility
c. intragenerational mobility
d. intergenerational mobility
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
36) In 2009, many countries, including Canada, suffered a recession in which many
people lost their jobs and saw their investments and savings drop dramatically. This is an
example of:
a. horizontal mobility
b. structural mobility
c. exchange mobility
d. intergenerational mobility
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
37) Louise was a librarian who owned a home. After her husband’s death, she lost her
house and turned to alcohol to ease her pain. Now, Louise is homeless, living on the
streets of San Francisco. This reflects:
a. horizontal mobility
b. structural mobility
c. vertical mobility
d. exchange mobility
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
38) Dorothy is a hair stylist working at Cuts-By-Us but she has applied for a stylist
position at Super-Cuts so that she can work at a salon that is closer to her apartment. If
Dorothy moves to Super-Cuts, she would be doing the same job and making the same
amount of money. This reflects:
a. vertical mobility
b. structural mobility
c. horizontal mobility
d. exchange mobility
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
39) Children raised in poor homes are more likely to be poor adults. This vicious circle is
called:
a. the cycle of poverty
b. intragenerational mobility
c. intergenerational mobility
d. the relative poverty cycle
Answer: a
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 140
40) Which sociological perspective would accept that social stratification is necessary
and inevitable in any society?
a. Functionalism
b. Symbolic Interactionism
c. Conflict theory
d. Feminist theory
Answer: a
Diff: challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 141
41) Omar is a functionalist. He believes that the amount of pay associated with a job
depends on:
a. the number of men compared to women in the field
b. how important the job is for society
c. how much physical labour is required in the position
d. the amount of power that comes with the job
Answer: b
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 141
42) At the 20-year class reunion, classmates learned that David had become a millionaire.
Sara tells her classmates that, “David, like all self-made millionaires, made it because he
was smart and hardworking.” Sara supports the:
a. exchange mobility hypothesis
b. conflict theory
c. meritocracy argument
d. entitlement hypothesis
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 141
43) Which sociological perspective would focus on the subjective meaning of poverty to
individuals?
a. Conflict theory
b. Functionalism
c. Symbolic Interactionism
d. Feminist theory
Answer: c
Diff: challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 142
44) Professor Kagan is conducting research on the gender bias in poverty. Professor
Kagan is examining:
a. the masculization of poverty
b. the feminization of poverty
c. the relativity of poverty
d. the marginality of poverty
Answer: b
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 142
45) Which sociological perspective would focus on the fact that, around the world,
women experience poverty at far higher rates than men?
a. Conflict theory
b. Functionalism
c. Symbolic interactionism
d. Feminist theory
Answer: d
Diff: challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 142
46) Because of the cost of medical school, poorer students are less likely to become
doctors than higher class students. Which theorists would be more likely to examine how
this trend impacts social stratification in Canada?
a. Functionalists
b. Symbolic interactionists
c. Conflict theorists
d. Feminist theorists
Answer: c
Diff: challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 141–142
47) For Melvin Tumin, social inequality is rooted in a system that is more likely to
reward you based on:
a. what you know
b. what you do
c. where you start
d. what you like
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 141–142
48) Which social class is most likely to believe that social class matters?
a. Upper class
b. Upper middle class
c. Middle class
d. Lower class
Answer: c
Diff: moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 142
49) Leon is giving an in-class presentation on minimum wage earners in Canada. Leon
tells his classmates that 29 percent of minimum wage earners are:
a. under the age of 16
b. between 16 and 19 years of age
c. between 20 and 24 years of age
d. over the age of 25
Answer: d
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 145
50) In late 2009, the report called “In from the Margins: A Call to Action on Poverty,
Housing and Homelessness” made the recommendation to implement a federal minimum
wage. What did they recommend this minimum wage should be?
a. $8.00 per hour
b. $10.00 per hour
c. $12.00 per hour
d. $14.00 per hour
Answer: b
Diff: easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 144
ESSAY
1) Describe the class structure in Canada. Discuss the main characteristics of each of the
six social classes.
Answer:
Diff: moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 137
Answer:
Diff: moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 133
Answer:
Diff: moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 134
4) Describe social mobility in Canada and discuss the various types of mobility.
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 140
5) Compare and contrast the three components that make up the stratification system in
Canada.
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 134–137
Answer:
Diff: moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 139
Answer:
Diff: moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 134
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 141–142
9) Explain the feminization of poverty and give examples that support this concept.
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 142
10) You are a social worker responsible for placing children in foster care. You have
been asked to explain the benefits of placing a foster child from the urban underclass into
an upper middle class home. What do you say?
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 139
11) Discuss the different measures of poverty used by Statistics Canada and explain the
strengths and weaknesses of each measure.
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 134–135
12) Explain the meritocracy argument, and discuss some of the reasons why this is not
the only factor affecting social stratification.
Answer:
Diff: challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 141
13) Identify and describe some of the social policies designed to help the poor in Canada.
Answer:
Diff: moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 144
14) Describe the evolution of minimum wage in Canada. Describe the characteristics of
people who work for minimum wage.
Answer:
Language: English
BOSTON:
MUNICIPAL PRINTING OFFICE.
1905.
This series of plans of the Town of Boston is the result of a great
amount of research, and presents in a most interesting manner the
growth of the Town from the first settlement to 1645.
The plan dated December 25, 1645, while in the main correct,
does not show all the transfers made during that year, as will be
seen by consulting Suffolk Deeds, Lib. 1, as noted in the introduction
to the Book of Possessions (Volume 2 of the Boston Records), the
first 111 pages of which were written by William Aspinwall prior to the
10th month, 1645.
The numbers on the plans follow the original pagination of the
Book of Possessions.
On the plan of 1630 the lot marked S should have been assigned
to Thomas Sharp.
These plans show the old peninsula of Boston; consequently the
allotments at the “field end next Roxbury” do not appear.
The New Field was located at the west part of the town in the
angle bounded by the present Cambridge street, and extending
through Lynde and Leverett streets to Haugh’s Point. The principal
town landing was at the head of the cove or dock, around which
Valentine Hill’s highway was laid out in 1641. Street names were not
given until a later period, though the present Washington street was
known as the “High street, the great street or highway to Roxbury.”
Other allotments were made at Rumney Marsh (Chelsea), Mt.
Wollaston (Quincy), and Muddy River (Brookline).
Ownership and transfers of many lots between the periods shown
by the plans are not noted.
E. W. McGlenen,
City Registrar.
Boston, 1905.
===1630===