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 07
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The major early turning point in the rise of the Persian Empire was the
A. victory of Darius at Salamis.
B. victory of Cyrus over Lydia.
C. victory in the Persian Wars.
D. defeat of the Sasanid empire.
E. victory of Cambyses over Rome.
2. The leader of the Lydians who fell to Cyrus was
A. Cambyses.
B. Miltiades.
C. Astyages.
D. Croesus.
E. Darius.
3. In organizing their empire, Persian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from the
A. Lydians.
B. Egyptians.
C. Romans.
D. Chinese.
E. Mesopotamians.
4. Which of the following lists of Persian empires is correct chronologically?
A. Achaemenids, Sasanids, Seleucids, Parthians
B. Parthians, Achaemenids, Seleucids, Sasanids
C. Sasanids, Parthians, Seleucids, Achaemenids
D. Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanids
E. Sasanids, Seleucids, Parthians, Achaemenids
5. The Medes and Persians were originally
A. Indo-European tribes.
B. semitic-speaking nomads related to the Hyksos.
C. later Mesopotamian petty kingdoms.
D. Dravidian tribes who had fled before the arrival of the Aryans in India.
E. minor Babylonian rulers.
6. The founder of the Achaemenid Empire was
A. Xerxes.
B. Cambyses.
C. Cyrus.
D. Darius.
E. Alexander.
7. In 525 B.C.E. the Persian emperor Cambyses captured
A. Lydia.
B. Egypt.
C. northern India.
D. Media.
E. Greece.
8. The greatest of the Achaemenid emperors was
A. Darius.
B. Cyrus.
C. Xerxes.
D. Cambyses.
E. Miltiades.
9. Pasargadae was
A. the last great Persian emperor.
B. a nomadic tribe from the north that provided a constant threat to Persian survival.
C. the location of the greatest Persian military defeat.
D. the capital of the Persian empire before Persepolis.
E. the most important Persian religious prophet.
10. The population of the Achaemenid Empire under Darius was
A. one million.
B. three million.
C. six million.
D. eleven million.
E. thirty-five million.
11. The magnificent capital of the Persian Empire constructed by Darius was
A. Byzantium.
B. Pasargadae.
C. Marathon.
D. Susa.
E. Persepolis.
12. Satrapies were
A. Mesopotamian kings.
B. Egyptian administrators.
C. Persian administrative units.
D. demons of the Lydian underworld.
E. Arabian merchants.
13. The Persian "Eyes and Ears of the King"
A. was Ahura Mazda.
B. were satraps.
C. was a popular expression that related to the divinity of the king.
D. were spies.
E. were the cavalry.
14. The classic Persian governmental approach was
A. the use of relentless terror to oppress the conquered tribes.
B. to impose their own religious beliefs on the peoples of the empire.
C. to appoint every governmental post with a member of the Persian royal family.
D. an enlightened and tolerant one.
E. to kidnap members of the conquered royal families.
15. Darius picked up the idea of a standardized government-issued coinage from the
A. Babylonians.
B. Egyptians.
C. Lydians.
D. Indians.
E. Chinese.
16. Which of the following empires normally displayed the greatest degree of toleration toward its subject
peoples?
A. Assyrian
B. Greek
C. Egyptian
D. Achaemenid
E. Olmec
17. The Persian king who regularized tax levies and standardized laws was
A. Cyrus.
B. Cambyses.
C. Darius.
D. Xerxes.
E. Alexander.
18. The easternmost point of Darius's empire was
A. Gandhara.
B. Persepolis.
C. Pasargadae.
D. Parthia.
E. Phoenicia.
19. The Persian legal code was designed to
A. codify the laws of the subject peoples.
B. abolish the laws of individual lands.
C. impose a uniform law code on the entire empire.
D. terrify the subject tribes of the empire into submission.
E. enslave the conquered tribes.
20. The center of the Persian communications network was
A. the Royal Road.
B. the qanats.
C. the Emperor's Trail.
D. the use of Assyrian mercenary spies.
E. the Persian navy.
21. Who used the words, "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the
swift completion of their appointed rounds," to describe the Persian courier service?
A. Cyrus
B. Xerxes
C. Darius
D. Herodotus
E. Homer
22. The qanats were
A. Persian underground canals.
B. Persian oral historians.
C. the religious texts of the Zoroastrians.
D. the priestly class of the Persians.
E. the parables of Zarathustra.
23. For his decision to allow them to return to their capital city and rebuild their temple, Darius received high
praise from these people. Who were they?
A. Assyrians
B. Egyptians
C. Medes
D. Jews
E. Dravidians
24. The king who failed to follow the normal Persian governing policy of toleration was
A. Darius.
B. Xerxes.
C. Cambyses.
D. Cyrus.
E. Hammurabi.
25. The battle of Marathon in 490 B.C.E. proved to be
A. a bloody stalemate with neither side claiming victory.
B. an overwhelming Persian victory.
C. a Persian loss.
D. a slight victory that turned the tide in Persia's favor in the Persian Wars.
E. a Roman victory.
26. The decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the Persians was called the battle of
A. Gaugamela.
B. Marathon.
C. Persepolis.
D. Issus.
E. Athens.
27. The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid empires
A. created states on a far grander scale than the Achaemenid empire.
B. employed a form of imperial administration copied from the Achaemenids.
C. were fundamentally different from the Achaemenids in their political structure.
D. were early petty kingdoms that helped give rise to the later Achaemenid empire.
E. copied the Roman model.
28. The empire, comprising most of the old Achaemenid state, that was taken by a general of Alexander the
Great was the
A. Parthian Empire.
B. Alexandrian empire.
C. Sasanid Empire.
D. Seleucid Empire.
E. Aryan Empire.
29. The Seleucids were finally defeated in 83 B.C.E. by the
A. Parthians.
B. Romans.
C. Achaemenids.
D. Sasanids.
E. Greeks.
30. Which Iranian state followed the Achaemenids and rivaled the Seleucids in greatness?
A. Parthian
B. Sasanid
C. Indo-European
D. Median
E. Carthaginian
31. The greatest Parthian ruler was
A. Cyrus.
B. Mithradates I.
C. Ctesiphon.
D. Shapur I.
E. Darius.
32. Ctesiphon was
A. the greatest Parthian ruler.
B. the capital of the Seleucid empire.
C. the prophet who transformed Persian religion.
D. the capital of the Parthian and Sasanid Empires.
E. a Greek philosopher.
33. Shapur I was
A. the greatest Sasanid king.
B. the Persian king who lost the battle of Marathon to the Greeks.
C. the last powerful Parthian ruler.
D. the founder of the Achaemenid empire.
E. the founder of the Seleucid empire.
34. The Sasanids were defeated in 651 C.E. by
A. Byzantine imperial forces.
B. Roman forces.
C. Parthian armies.
D. Arab warriors.
E. the Greek navy.
35. The social structure of the Medes and Persians was originally very similar to
A. the Mesopotamians.
B. the Greeks.
C. the Aryans.
D. the Romans.
E. the Egyptians.
36. Gimillu was
A. the Persian general who lost the battle of Marathon to the Greeks.
B. the most important text created by Zarathustra.
C. a slave associated with the temple in Uruk.
D. the founder of the Sasanid empire.
E. the leading Persian prophet.
37. Zoroastrianism was
A. spread by force throughout the Persian empire.
B. very strongly monotheistic.
C. was repudiated by the Sasanids.
D. allowed to spread through its own merits.
E. borrowed by the Persians from the Assyrians.
38. Zarathustra talked about the battle between the "wise lord" Ahura Mazda and the evil spirit
A. Avesta.
B. Angra Mainyu.
C. Ashur.
D. Ctesiphon.
E. Enlil.
39. The Gathas were
A. Persian underground canals.
B. the laws that made up the Persian legal code.
C. Persian administrative units.
D. Persian administrators.
E. Zarathustra's compositions.
40. Which of the following basic tenets of Zoroastrianism did not influence later religions?
A. the belief in a heaven and hell
B. the encouragement of high moral standards
C. the view of the material world as a place of temptation that had to be ignored
D. the doctrine that individuals will undergo a final judgment
E. the belief that each individual plays a key role in determining his or her spiritual destiny
41. Zarathustra viewed the material world
A. as an illusion.
B. as a trick of Angra Mainyu to mislead the faithful.
C. as the equivalent of hell.
D. as a gift from Ahura Mazda that should be enjoyed.
E. as a resting place for the reincarnated.
42. The words "good words, good thoughts, good deeds" were used to sum up the view of morality of the
A. Jews.
B. Zoroastrians.
C. Hindus.
D. Buddhists.
E. Greeks.
Match the terms
a. Mithradates I
b. Achaemenids
c. Cambyses
d. Seleucids
e. Marathon
f. Sasanids
g. Satrapy
h Shapur I
i. Zarathustra
j. Darius
k. Parthians
l. Gaugamela
43. Persian administrative unit
________________________________________
44. The emperor of the Achaemenid Empire at its greatest extent
________________________________________
45. Greatest Parthian ruler
________________________________________
46. Alexander of Macedon's decisive victory over the Persians
________________________________________
47. Empire founded by one of Alexander's generals
________________________________________
48. The greatest Sasanid ruler
________________________________________
49. Persian Empire founded by Cyrus
________________________________________
50. The religious prophet who brought about a transformation of Persian religion
________________________________________
51. Persian loss to the Greeks in 490 B.C.E.
________________________________________
52. Empire that claimed direct descent from the Achaemenids and that ruled from 224-651 C.E.
________________________________________
53. Persian emperor who captured Egypt
________________________________________
54. Iranian empire that lasted from 247 B.C.E. to 224 C.E.
________________________________________
Students should be able to describe the following key terms, concepts, individuals, and places, and
explain their significance.
55. Achaemenid
________________________________________
56. Seleucid
________________________________________
57. Parthian
________________________________________
58. Sasanid
________________________________________
59. Satrapy
________________________________________
60. Zoroastrianism
________________________________________
61. Ahura Mazda
________________________________________
62. Angra Mainyu
________________________________________
63. Avesta
________________________________________
64. Gathas
________________________________________
65. Cyrus
________________________________________
66. Cambyses
________________________________________
67. Darius
________________________________________
68. Xerxes
________________________________________
69. Alexander of Macedon
________________________________________
70. Mithradates I
________________________________________
71. Shapur I
________________________________________
72. Zarathustra
________________________________________

73. Persia
________________________________________
74. Media
________________________________________
75. Lydia
________________________________________
76. Macedonia
________________________________________
77. Anatolia
________________________________________
78. Ionia
________________________________________
79. Ctesiphon
________________________________________
80. Persepolis
________________________________________
81. Pasargadae
________________________________________
82. Seleucus
________________________________________
83. Marathon
________________________________________
84. Gaugamela
________________________________________
85. Parthia
________________________________________
86. Bactria
________________________________________
87. Gandhara
________________________________________
88. In the Gathas, Zarathustra wrote, "In the beginning, there were two Primal Spirits, Twins spontaneously
active." Who were these "Twins?" Could it be argued that Zoroastrianism was not monotheistic at all? If
Zoroastrianism is not monotheistic, might Christianity not be monotheistic?

89. Compare and contrast the Achaemenids and the Greeks. What were the strengths and weaknesses of both
societies? Why have the Persians received such little attention in history books?

90. Discuss the basic tenets of Zoroastrianism. What role did Zarathustra play in the rise of this religion?
How influential was Zoroastrianism on later religions?

91. Compare the ruling techniques of the Persians, especially those of Cyrus and Darius, to other societies
you have studied so far.

92. Examine the role of trade and agriculture in explaining the success of the Persian empires. Why was the
Royal Road so important?
93. Examine the relationship between the various Persian dynasties and the Zoroastrian religion. What does
the spread of this religion say about the Persian philosophy of rule?

94. The Persians copied many of their ruling techniques from the Assyrians, but had much greater success. In
what ways were the Persians different from the Assyrians? What might explain the greater success of the
Persians?

95. The Achaemenid Empire began to decline under Xerxes. Was his approach any different than that of his
predecessors, such as Cyrus or Darius?

96. The victory of Alexander of Macedon at Gaugamela, in 331 B.C.E., helped to bring about an end to the
Achaemenid Empire. In what ways did the empire live on?

97. Examine the rise of the Achaemenid Empire. What role did Cyrus play in this process? Discuss the nature
of the Persian Empire under Darius.
98. Discuss the implications of unification under the Achaemenids. How did the Persians rule such a huge,
multicultural state? How did unification influence southwest Asia?

99. Examine the social structure of the various Persian empires from the Achaemenids through the Sasanids.
What was the role of women during these empires?

100.Examine the development of the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid empires. In what ways were they a
continuation of the Achaemenid tradition? In what ways were they different?

101.The victories of the Greeks at Marathon and of Alexander of Macedon at Gaugamela are all too often
seen as victories for the rise of civilization. In what ways might these Persian losses be considered losses
for the rise of civilization?

102.In what ways, both political and religious, did the later Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid empires try to
position themselves as the heirs of the Achaemenids? Why did they do this? How successful were they in
this attempt?
103.Compare Zoroastrianism to any of the other religious concepts you've seen so far. How was Zarathustra's
philosophy different and in what ways was it influential?

104.Examine the map of the Achaemenid and Seleucid empires on page 161. Compare the size of the
Achaemenid Empire to the size of earlier states as well as to that of the later Seleucids, Parthians,
and Sasanids. What would be the difficulties of ruling a state this large? How cosmopolitan was the
Achaemenid Empire? Explain the significance of the Royal Road.

105.Look at the map of the Parthian and Sasanid empires on page 169. Compare these empires to the earlier
Achaemenid state. How did the Achaemenids influence the Parthian and Sasanid empires? What were the
main contributions of the Achaemenids to history?

106.Look at the carving of Darius on page 165. How does it reflect the hierarchy of government and the
power of the Achaemenid Empire under Darius? Is the location of the carving significant?

107.Examine the illustration of the Achaemenid king Darius on page 177. What might this picture tell us
about the relationship between the Achaemenids and Ahura Mazda? What does this picture tell us about
the power of Darius?
108.What does the illustration on page 172 tell us about the truly cosmopolitan nature of the Achaemenid
Empire?

109.Examine the illustrations of Cyrus's tomb at Pasargadae on page 162 and of the ruins of Persepolis on
page 163. Discuss the significance of Alexander of Macedon paying homage to the tomb of Cyrus but
also, either intentionally or not, burning down Persepolis.

110.Look at the picture of Ahura Mazda on page 175. Based on Zarathustra's religious views, why would
Ahura Mazda be portrayed as a winged god?

111.Discuss the passage from Zarathustra on page 176. Examine the nature of Ahura Mazda and Angra
Mainyu. In Persian thought, what is the relationship between human beings and the gods? Does this
critical role of human beings indicate that Zoroastrianism was really a dualistic belief?

112.What can the passage from Zarathustra on page 176 tell us about the influence of Zoroastrianism on later
religions? In what ways did Zoroastrianism influence Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
 07 Key
1. The major early turning point in the rise of the Persian Empire was the
(p. 159) A. victory of Darius at Salamis.
B. victory of Cyrus over Lydia.
C. victory in the Persian Wars.
D. defeat of the Sasanid empire.
E. victory of Cambyses over Rome.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #1
2. The leader of the Lydians who fell to Cyrus was
(p. 159) A. Cambyses.
B. Miltiades.
C. Astyages.
D. Croesus.
E. Darius.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #2
3. In organizing their empire, Persian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from the
(p. 160) A. Lydians.
B. Egyptians.
C. Romans.
D. Chinese.
E. Mesopotamians.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #3
4. Which of the following lists of Persian empires is correct chronologically?
(p. 160) A. Achaemenids, Sasanids, Seleucids, Parthians
B. Parthians, Achaemenids, Seleucids, Sasanids
C. Sasanids, Parthians, Seleucids, Achaemenids
D. Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanids
E. Sasanids, Seleucids, Parthians, Achaemenids
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #4
5. The Medes and Persians were originally
(p. 160) A. Indo-European tribes.
B. semitic-speaking nomads related to the Hyksos.
C. later Mesopotamian petty kingdoms.
D. Dravidian tribes who had fled before the arrival of the Aryans in India.
E. minor Babylonian rulers.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #5
6. The founder of the Achaemenid Empire was
(p. 161) A. Xerxes.
B. Cambyses.
C. Cyrus.
D. Darius.
E. Alexander.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #6
7. In 525 B.C.E. the Persian emperor Cambyses captured
(p. 162) A. Lydia.
B. Egypt.
C. northern India.
D. Media.
E. Greece.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #7
8. The greatest of the Achaemenid emperors was
(p. 162) A. Darius.
B. Cyrus.
C. Xerxes.
D. Cambyses.
E. Miltiades.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #8
9. Pasargadae was
(p. 161) A. the last great Persian emperor.
B. a nomadic tribe from the north that provided a constant threat to Persian survival.
C. the location of the greatest Persian military defeat.
D. the capital of the Persian empire before Persepolis.
E. the most important Persian religious prophet.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #9
10. The population of the Achaemenid Empire under Darius was
(p. 162) A. one million.
B. three million.
C. six million.
D. eleven million.
E. thirty-five million.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #10
11. The magnificent capital of the Persian Empire constructed by Darius was
(p. 162) A. Byzantium.
B. Pasargadae.
C. Marathon.
D. Susa.
E. Persepolis.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #11
12. Satrapies were
(p. 163) A. Mesopotamian kings.
B. Egyptian administrators.
C. Persian administrative units.
D. demons of the Lydian underworld.
E. Arabian merchants.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #12
13. The Persian "Eyes and Ears of the King"
(p. 163) A. was Ahura Mazda.
B. were satraps.
C. was a popular expression that related to the divinity of the king.
D. were spies.
E. were the cavalry.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #13
14. The classic Persian governmental approach was
(p. 164) A. the use of relentless terror to oppress the conquered tribes.
B. to impose their own religious beliefs on the peoples of the empire.
C. to appoint every governmental post with a member of the Persian royal family.
D. an enlightened and tolerant one.
E. to kidnap members of the conquered royal families.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #14
15. Darius picked up the idea of a standardized government-issued coinage from the
(p. 164) A. Babylonians.
B. Egyptians.
C. Lydians.
D. Indians.
E. Chinese.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #15
16. Which of the following empires normally displayed the greatest degree of toleration toward its subject
(p. 164) peoples?
A. Assyrian
B. Greek
C. Egyptian
D. Achaemenid
E. Olmec
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #16
17. The Persian king who regularized tax levies and standardized laws was
(p. 163) A. Cyrus.
B. Cambyses.
C. Darius.
D. Xerxes.
E. Alexander.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #17
18. The easternmost point of Darius's empire was
(p. 164) A. Gandhara.
B. Persepolis.
C. Pasargadae.
D. Parthia.
E. Phoenicia.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #18
19. The Persian legal code was designed to
(p. 164) A. codify the laws of the subject peoples.
B. abolish the laws of individual lands.
C. impose a uniform law code on the entire empire.
D. terrify the subject tribes of the empire into submission.
E. enslave the conquered tribes.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #19
20. The center of the Persian communications network was
(p. 164) A. the Royal Road.
B. the qanats.
C. the Emperor's Trail.
D. the use of Assyrian mercenary spies.
E. the Persian navy.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #20
21. Who used the words, "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the
(p. 164) swift completion of their appointed rounds," to describe the Persian courier service?
A. Cyrus
B. Xerxes
C. Darius
D. Herodotus
E. Homer
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #21
22. The qanats were
(p. 164) A. Persian underground canals.
B. Persian oral historians.
C. the religious texts of the Zoroastrians.
D. the priestly class of the Persians.
E. the parables of Zarathustra.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #22
23. For his decision to allow them to return to their capital city and rebuild their temple, Darius received
(p. 164) high praise from these people. Who were they?
A. Assyrians
B. Egyptians
C. Medes
D. Jews
E. Dravidians
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #23
24. The king who failed to follow the normal Persian governing policy of toleration was
(p. 165) A. Darius.
B. Xerxes.
C. Cambyses.
D. Cyrus.
E. Hammurabi.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #24
25. The battle of Marathon in 490 B.C.E. proved to be
(p. 165) A. a bloody stalemate with neither side claiming victory.
B. an overwhelming Persian victory.
C. a Persian loss.
D. a slight victory that turned the tide in Persia's favor in the Persian Wars.
E. a Roman victory.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #25
26. The decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the Persians was called the battle of
(p. 166) A. Gaugamela.
B. Marathon.
C. Persepolis.
D. Issus.
E. Athens.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #26
27. The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid empires
(p. 166- A. created states on a far grander scale than the Achaemenid empire.
168)
B. employed a form of imperial administration copied from the Achaemenids.
C. were fundamentally different from the Achaemenids in their political structure.
D. were early petty kingdoms that helped give rise to the later Achaemenid empire.
E. copied the Roman model.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #27
28. The empire, comprising most of the old Achaemenid state, that was taken by a general of Alexander
(p. 166) the Great was the
A. Parthian Empire.
B. Alexandrian empire.
C. Sasanid Empire.
D. Seleucid Empire.
E. Aryan Empire.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #28
29. The Seleucids were finally defeated in 83 B.C.E. by the
(p. 166) A. Parthians.
B. Romans.
C. Achaemenids.
D. Sasanids.
E. Greeks.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #29
30. Which Iranian state followed the Achaemenids and rivaled the Seleucids in greatness?
(p. 166) A. Parthian
B. Sasanid
C. Indo-European
D. Median
E. Carthaginian
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #30
31. The greatest Parthian ruler was
(p. 167) A. Cyrus.
B. Mithradates I.
C. Ctesiphon.
D. Shapur I.
E. Darius.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #31
32. Ctesiphon was
(p. 167) A. the greatest Parthian ruler.
B. the capital of the Seleucid empire.
C. the prophet who transformed Persian religion.
D. the capital of the Parthian and Sasanid Empires.
E. a Greek philosopher.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #32
33. Shapur I was
(p. 168)) A. the greatest Sasanid king.
B. the Persian king who lost the battle of Marathon to the Greeks.
C. the last powerful Parthian ruler.
D. the founder of the Achaemenid empire.
E. the founder of the Seleucid empire.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #33
34. The Sasanids were defeated in 651 C.E. by
(p. 168) A. Byzantine imperial forces.
B. Roman forces.
C. Parthian armies.
D. Arab warriors.
E. the Greek navy.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #34
35. The social structure of the Medes and Persians was originally very similar to
(p. 168) A. the Mesopotamians.
B. the Greeks.
C. the Aryans.
D. the Romans.
E. the Egyptians.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #35
36. Gimillu was
(p. 171) A. the Persian general who lost the battle of Marathon to the Greeks.
B. the most important text created by Zarathustra.
C. a slave associated with the temple in Uruk.
D. the founder of the Sasanid empire.
E. the leading Persian prophet.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #36
37. Zoroastrianism was
(p. 175) A. spread by force throughout the Persian empire.
B. very strongly monotheistic.
C. was repudiated by the Sasanids.
D. allowed to spread through its own merits.
E. borrowed by the Persians from the Assyrians.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #37
38. Zarathustra talked about the battle between the "wise lord" Ahura Mazda and the evil spirit
(p. 174) A. Avesta.
B. Angra Mainyu.
C. Ashur.
D. Ctesiphon.
E. Enlil.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #38
39. The Gathas were
(p. 174) A. Persian underground canals.
B. the laws that made up the Persian legal code.
C. Persian administrative units.
D. Persian administrators.
E. Zarathustra's compositions.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #39
40. Which of the following basic tenets of Zoroastrianism did not influence later religions?
(p. 174- A. the belief in a heaven and hell
175)
B. the encouragement of high moral standards
C. the view of the material world as a place of temptation that had to be ignored
D. the doctrine that individuals will undergo a final judgment
E. the belief that each individual plays a key role in determining his or her spiritual destiny
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #40
41. Zarathustra viewed the material world
(p. 175) A. as an illusion.
B. as a trick of Angra Mainyu to mislead the faithful.
C. as the equivalent of hell.
D. as a gift from Ahura Mazda that should be enjoyed.
E. as a resting place for the reincarnated.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #41
42. The words "good words, good thoughts, good deeds" were used to sum up the view of morality of
(p. 175) the
A. Jews.
B. Zoroastrians.
C. Hindus.
D. Buddhists.
E. Greeks.
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #42
 Match the terms
a. Mithradates I
b. Achaemenids
c. Cambyses
d. Seleucids
e. Marathon
f. Sasanids
g. Satrapy
h Shapur I
i. Zarathustra
j. Darius
k. Parthians
l. Gaugamela
Bentley - 007 Chapter...
43. Persian administrative unit
g
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #43
44. The emperor of the Achaemenid Empire at its greatest extent
j
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #44
45. Greatest Parthian ruler
a
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #45
46. Alexander of Macedon's decisive victory over the Persians
l
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #46
47. Empire founded by one of Alexander's generals
d
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #47
48. The greatest Sasanid ruler
h
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #48
49. Persian Empire founded by Cyrus
b
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #49
50. The religious prophet who brought about a transformation of Persian religion
i
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #50
51. Persian loss to the Greeks in 490 B.C.E.
e
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #51
52. Empire that claimed direct descent from the Achaemenids and that ruled from 224-651 C.E.
f
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #52
53. Persian emperor who captured Egypt
c
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #53
54. Iranian empire that lasted from 247 B.C.E. to 224 C.E.
k
Bentley - 007 Chapter... #54
Another random document with
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The somnolence
of Somers
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
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under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
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you are located before using this eBook.

Title: The somnolence of Somers

Author: Frank N. Stratton

Release date: February 29, 2024 [eBook #73072]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: Street & Smith, 1906

Credits: Roger Frank and Sue Clark

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE

SOMNOLENCE OF SOMERS ***
 THE SOMNOLENCE OF SOMERS
By Frank N. Stratton

In this interesting little tale of the far West Mr. Stratton tells how a
“tenderfoot” deliberately connived at the breaking of the law of the land,
and possessed an untroubled conscience thereafter in spite of it.

“Yes, sir; th’ boss is gone,” explained the foreman of Fielding’s

ranch, as Somers stepped from the buckboard and shook the dust
from his clothes. “Him and th’ boys is out after Sonora Jack’s gang of
cattle rustlers—and they’ll fix ’em this time. Powerful lot of trouble
they’ve give’ us th’ last two years. Mr. Fielding was mighty sorry you
didn’t get here in time to go. Thought mebbe a man hunt would be
somethin’ new for you—kind o’ brace you up.”
Somers mentally agreed that the hunting of men, though rather
strenuous for an invalid, might prove a novel and exciting diversion
from the monotonous pursuit of dollars.
“You might possibly see th’ finish, though,” the foreman continued.
“Tommy Evans just come in, bad hurt, and says th’ boys s’prised th’
gang up th’ Little Fork, and got most of ’em. They’re chasin’ Sonora
Jack hisself now, and think they’ll catch him in th’ Alta Pass—right
out yonder where you and Fielding killed th’ bear, when you was
here two year ago. Fielding sent word by Tommy that if you was
here, and wanted to try, you might take th’ roan thoroughbred and
gallop over; he’s th’ only hoss left on th’ place that don’t buck.”
Somers’ eyes glistened.
“I’m pretty tired,” he said; “but I’ll stretch out and rest for an hour,
and then, if you’ll kindly bring the roan around, I think I’ll try it. It’ll be
a treat to back Dixie once more, even if I miss the finish.”
When Somers pulled himself up into the saddle the foreman
delivered a parting admonition:
“If th’ trouble’s on when you reach th’ pass, better not ride too
close. Mr. Fielding wouldn’t have Dixie hurt for half th’ ranch.
Wouldn’t ride him hisself for fear he might get crippled in th’ muss.”
 There being no evidence of “trouble”—past, present or
prospective—when Somers reached the pass, he tethered the roan
securely up a little ravine and climbed to a point where he could
witness the approach of the chase—provided Sonora Jack had not
disobligingly changed his course.
After hours of fruitless vigil Somers caught himself nodding
drowsily, roused himself determinedly, and nodded again.
Unaccustomed to a fiercer torridity than that afforded by a New
England climate, he was gradually yielding to the soporific power of
a southern sun. With each successive nod his chin sank a little
lower, his eyes blinked less resolutely, until the outlines of the
foothills melted and sank into the sheen of the distant desert, the
ardent, turquoise sky bent low to ward off riotous columns of reeling
cactus, the mountain swayed as soothingly as the cradle of long ago,
and Somers dozed and dreamed.
He was in his State Street office, listening to the ticker, whose
insistent clatter steadily swelled to a roar, and as he hurried toward it
to watch Amalgamated, the machine burst with a mighty report—and
Somers, starting up, became dimly conscious of a limping mustang
loping up the pass, carrying a long, lean man, whose face was
masked by a paste of sweat and alkali dust.
Slipping from the saddle of the panting beast, the man glanced
swiftly about, then clambered upward, straight toward Somers,
Winchester in hand. With clearing vision, Somers saw beneath the
masking dust a face that brought a train of dear and dormant
memories, and with an exclamation of delight he sprang to his feet.
“Tubby!” he cried. “Tubby Haines! Is it really you?”
The lean man lowered the gun that had leaped to his shoulder as
Somers arose.
“Somers! Bob Somers!” he exclaimed, and scrambled up to grasp
the outstretched hand.
He dropped wearily upon a boulder, wiped his dripping face with
the sleeve of a flannel shirt, and stared into Somers’ face,
amazement and delight shining in his keen eyes.
“Good old Scrappy Somers,” he murmured. “I can’t quite realize
that you’re ’way out here, thousands of miles from home.”
 “Visiting Hal Fielding,” explained Somers. “You know Fielding, of
course; everybody around here does.”
“I’ve had occasional dealings with him—and got the worst of it,”
Haines answered carelessly, fingering the gun at his knee and
glancing eastward.
“I’ve heard that he’s pretty shrewd,” said Somers, with a laugh.
“Too keen for me,” remarked Haines. “It takes a mighty good man
to get ahead of him—and stay ahead.”
“Then you’re in the cattle business, too?” queried Somers.
“In a desultory sort of way. Just now I’m thinking of getting out of
it; it’s too wearing; keeps me too much on the jump.”
Somers chuckled, and patted the lean man’s broad shoulder
affectionately.
“Same old Tubby!” he said. “Always wanted to take things easy. I
never could understand why the boys dubbed you Tubby, when
‘Sleepy’ or ‘Lazy’ would have been so much more appropriate.”
“Called me Tubby because I was lean. Just as they named you
‘Scrappy’ because you never would fight,” the other observed.
“Why should I fight,” laughed Somers, “when I had such a valiant
champion in you?”
“Well, you needed a champion,” said Haines, with a kindly gleam
in his eyes. “You were about as puny as they made ’em; and fighting
was fun for me—then.”
“Remember the time you licked Bully Dormer?” asked Somers,
with a musing smile. “Ah, but that was a fight—and a licking.”
“The licking he got wasn’t in it with the one old MacStinger gave
me that evening,” remarked Haines, grinning. “Gee, Scrappy! I can
feel that birch yet. I reckon old Mac’s dead now.”
“Died in the harness. His last words were ‘Omnia Gallia.’
Remember how Anne used to cry whenever he’d wallop you? I often
joke her about it yet.”
A wistful look sprang to the lean man’s eyes; he shot a quick
glance at Somers, then gazed dreamily up the pass.
“Is she at Fielding’s, too, Bob?” he asked softly.
“No. I wanted her to come, but she feared the little fellows couldn’t
stand the long trip.”
 The crippled mustang below them whinnied expectantly. Haines
turned his face eastward. Among the foothills rose a cloud of dust
that lengthened westward despite the eastward breeze. Haines rose
to his feet and took Somers’ hand.
“Good-by, Bob,” he said.
“You’re not going!” exclaimed Somers. “Why, we’ve only just
begun to talk; and I want you to come⸺”
“I’m not going,” Haines interrupted, with an odd smile. “Not for an
hour or so yet. But you are—unless you want to reverse the old
order of things and fight my battle.”
He dropped to one knee behind the rocks, picked up the
Winchester, and passed a hand over the belt of murderous
cartridges. The thud of pounding hoofs arose faintly from the hills
below. A horrible suspicion numbed Somers’ brain.
“Tubby!” he gasped. “Dear old Jack! you aren’t⸺”
The lean man looked up into the pallid face, nodded, and smiled
grimly.
“Bob,” he said slowly, “when you see Anne again, I want you to tell
her that I remembered her—to the last. Will you?”
“Jack,” Somers cried, “they’re more than a mile away yet; there’s
time for you to escape.”
“Not on that crippled mustang. They got fresh mounts at Zell’s
station. No ordinary horse could save me now, else I’d have asked
you for yours long ago.”
He balanced the Winchester in his hands, and turned his rigid
face away toward the mouth of the pass.
“They’d overtake me west of the pass, in the open,” he continued.
“I prefer to finish the business here. I’ll get more of them—before
they get me—than in a running fight.”
“But if you had Fielding’s roan⸺”
Sonora Jack looked up impatiently.
“Yes—if I had—but I haven’t. Get out now, Bob; you mustn’t be
caught with me.”
“Jack,” Somers almost screamed, “the roan isn’t a hundred yards
away—up that ravine—saddled and bridled, and fresh as a rose!”
 He had seized Haines by the collar, and was tugging to help him
to his feet.
“Hurry, for Heaven’s sake!” he cried, as Haines raced madly
toward the ravine, and the echoes of galloping hoofs rang sharply up
the pass.
Slowly he staggered downward to the trail as Fielding, grim, grimy
and perspiring, dashed up at the head of a dozen cowboys.
“Glad to see you again, old boy,” shouted Fielding, as he sprang
from the saddle. “You’re in time; we’ve got him treed. Which way did
he go?”
“Who?” asked Somers drowsily, rubbing his eyes.
“Who? Why, th’ fellow that rode that mustang! Didn’t you see⸺”
He stopped short, stared, wide-eyed, up the pass, and ripped out
an oath. On a distant ledge, where the trail wound around the face of
a cliff, a tall man on a galloping roan was jauntily waving a sombrero
toward them.
“Sonora Jack—and my roan!” roared Fielding.
“I—I believe it is,” stammered Somers, blinking stupidly. “The
rascal must have stolen him while I was asleep. Never mind, Hal; I’ll
pay⸺”
“While you was asleep!” Fielding bellowed. “Did you hear that,
boys? Asleep! Asleep!”
He climbed back slowly into the saddle and turned his tired
horse’s head eastward.
“Back home, boys,” he said wearily, with a disgusted glance at the
blinking Somers. “It’s all off. Maybe some time we’ll learn why an all-
wise Providence created greasers, sheepmen and tenderfeet.”

Transcriber’s Note: This story appeared in the February 1906

issue of The Popular Magazine.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE
SOMNOLENCE OF SOMERS ***

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