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Download Beckers World of the Cell 9th Edition Hardin Test Bank all chapters
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Becker's The World of the Cell, 9e (Hardin/Bertoni/Kleinsmith)
Chapter 9 Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation
3) A phosphoanhydride bond
A) is a high-energy bond.
B) has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of −7.3 kcal/mol.
C) is broken by hydrolysis.
D) links two phosphate groups.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: E
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
4) The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by
A) positron emission.
B) charge repulsion.
C) resonance destabilization.
D) standard free energy.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
5) The ATP "high-energy" or "energy-rich" bonds are which of the following types of bond?
A) phosphoester
B) phosphoanhydride
C) hydrogen
D) ionic
E) monophosphate
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
6) Anabolic pathways
A) increase molecular order.
B) are endergonic.
C) decrease entropy.
D) can be stimulated by anabolic hormones.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: E
Chapter Section: 9.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
7) Consider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energies of
phosphate hydrolysis:
Which of these molecules could phosphorylate an unknown compound whose free energy of
phosphate hydrolysis is -10.3kcal/mol?
A) Glucose-1-phosphate only
B) PEP only
C) ATP only
D) ATP and PEP
E) All three could phosphorylate the unknown compound.
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G4
9) NAD+
A) is derived from vitamin E.
B) is an electron source for biological oxidation reactions.
C) is a coenzyme acceptor of electrons and a hydrogen ion.
D) releases a phosphate to become NADH.
E) is the reduced form of the B vitamin niacin.
Answer: C
Chapter Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
10) Which of the following is a coenzyme?
A) NAD
B) NADP
C) FAD
D) CoA
E) All are coenzymes.
Answer: E
Chapter Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
12) During the first phase of glycolysis, phosphate forms what type of bond with glucose?
A) phosphoester
B) phosphoanhydride
C) hydrogen
D) ionic
E) diphosphate
Answer: A
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
13) Which of the following glycolytic enzymes associates with mitochondria to coordinate
glycolysis and respiration?
A) hexokinase
B) aldolase
C) phosphoglycerokinase
D) pyruvate kinase
E) None of the above are correct.
Answer: A
Chapter Section: 9.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
14) The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is ________, whereas the net output of ATP is
________.
A) 2; 1
B) 4; 2
C) 4; 1
D) 6; 4
E) 2; 4
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
15) During glycolysis, aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose-1, 6 bisphosphate to produce
A) phosphoenolpyruvate.
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
C) fructose-6-phosphate.
D) A and B.
E) B and C.
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
16) Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?
A) NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP.
B) NAD+ accepts electrons.
C) NADH accepts electrons during fermentation.
D) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
20) During the process of glycolysis, which of the following substrates donates electrons to
NAD+ and adds Pi to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
A) 3-phosphoglycerate
B) 2-phosphoglycerate
C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
D) glucose
E) glucose-6-phosphate
Answer: C
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
26) Pyruvate can be a substrate or product involved in each of the following except
A) fermentation.
B) aerobic glycolysis.
C) gluconeogenesis.
D) amino acid biosynthesis.
E) Pyruvate can be involved in all of the above.
Answer: E
Chapter Section: 9.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
33) In animal cells, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are regulated to ensure that both processes
are reciprocally active. This regulation involves each of the following compounds except
A) NADH.
B) fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.
C) AMP.
D) acetyl CoA.
E) cAMP.
Answer: A
Chapter Section: 9.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
34) Cells can store energy in each of the following molecules except
A) ATP.
B) GTP.
C) creatine phosphate.
D) NADH.
E) Cells can store energy in all of the above molecules.
Answer: E
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
35) Allosteric regulation of key enzymes in glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways may
involve each of the following except
A) activating the enzyme activity.
B) inhibiting the enzyme activity.
C) binding of the allosteric regulator molecule to directly compete with substrate binding in the
enzyme active site.
D) binding of the allosteric regulator molecule to a site on the enzyme other than the active site.
E) Any of the above may be involved.
Answer: D
Chapter Section: 9.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
36) Glycolytic enzymes have been found to have roles in all of the following except
A) transcriptional repression.
B) apoptosis inhibition.
C) transcriptional activator.
D) GTP hydrolysis.
E) stimulation of cell migration.
Answer: D
Chapter Section: 9.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
37) Glycolytic enzymes are known to function in each of the following processes except
A) transcriptional regulation.
B) gluconeogenesis.
C) apoptosis regulation.
D) oxygen reduction to form water.
E) coordination of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.
Answer: D
Chapter Section: 9.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G2
38) Each of the following can be the final electron acceptor in bacterial aerobic or anaerobic
respiration except
A) sulfur.
B) hydrogen ions.
C) Fe3+.
D) oxygen.
E) pyruvate.
Answer: E
Chapter Section: 9.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
41) Three of the ten glycolysis enzyme reactions are not simply reversed in gluconeogenesis and
require different enzymes because
A) these three glycolytic enzymes cannot catalyze the reaction in the reverse direction under any
circumstances.
B) these three glycolytic steps are the most highly exergonic and thermodynamically difficult to
reverse.
C) NAD+ needs to be generated from NADH at each of these three steps.
D) all three steps require hydrolysis of ATP for gluconeogenesis.
E) these three glycolytic enzymes are not present in the cells performing gluconeogenesis.
Answer: B
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
42) Isotopic labeling of a specific substrate carbon with 13C, which has an extra neutron, is
particularly useful for investigating biochemical pathways because
A) the presence of the radioisotope greatly accelerates the pathway, which makes it easier to
study.
B) the position of the labeled carbon can be traced through products of the pathway to
characterize the pathway reactions.
C) the radioisotope blocks each pathway at a specific step.
D) the radioisotope readily exchanges neutrons so that all neighboring carbons become labeled
and easier to detect with NMR.
E) radiolabels generally are easier to track in cells than fluorescent labels.
Answer: B
Chapter Section: Key Technique
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G1
9.2 Matching Questions
Match the reactant in glycolysis on the left with the appropriate enzyme on the right.
A) fructose dehydrogenase
B) hexokinase
C) phosphoglycerase
D) PEP kinase
E) glucose kinase
F) phosphoglyceromutase
G) fructase
H) aldolase
I) phosphoglycerokinase
J) phosphofructokinase
K) pyruvate kinase
1) glucose
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
2) fructose-6-phosphate
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
3) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
4) phosphoenolpyruvate
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
5) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
6) 3-phosphoglycerate
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
Answers: 1) B 2) J 3) H 4) K 5) I 6) F
Match the reactant in gluconeogenesis on the left with the appropriate enzyme on the right.
A) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
B) phosphoglyceromutase
C) pyruvate kinase
D) oxaloacetate kinase
E) hexokinase
F) glucose-6-phosphatase
G) aldolase
H) pyruvate carboxylase
I) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
7) pyruvate
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
8) oxaloacetate
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
9) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy:
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Knowledge
10) glucose-6-phosphate
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
11) 2-phosphoglycerate
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1, 9.3
Global LO: G2
1) ________ is the mechanism by which a phosphate is directly transferred to ADP to form ATP.
Answer: Substrate-level phosphorylation
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
5) ________ stabilization lowers free energy, because extra electrons are delocalized over all
possible bonds.
Answer: Resonance
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
7) The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation in muscle cells with gluconeogenesis in
liver cells.
Answer: Cori cycle
Chapter Section: 9.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
8) Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that converts glucose into ________ and
generates a net total of ________ ATPs.
Answer: 10; pyruvate; 2
Chapter Section: 9.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
9) The coenzyme ________ donates ________ to ferment pyruvate into lactate or ethanol.
Answer: NADH; electrons
Chapter Section: 9.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G2
10) ________ is the enzyme that hydrolyzes ________ in dairy products into glucose and
galactose. Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called
________.
Answer: Lactase; lactose; lactose intolerance
Chapter Section: Human Connections
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G5
11) The three reasons that phosphoanhydride bond hydrolysis is highly exergonic are: ________
between the bonded phosphate groups and increased ________ and ________ of both products
of hydrolysis.
Answer: charge repulsion; resonance stabilization; entropy
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
12) The loss of a(n) ________ increases entropy during hydrolysis of ATP.
Answer: proton
Chapter Section: 9.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.2
Global LO: G2
13) Mammalian tumor cells that increase glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen increase
expression of one isoform of the glycolytic enzyme ________, the first enzyme in the glycolytic
pathway.
Answer: hexokinase
Chapter Section: 9.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 9.3
Global LO: G7
9.4 Inquiry
1) Individuals with diabetes (diabetes mellitus), in which blood glucose levels can be toxically
high, are often recommended to avoid consuming sucrose (table sugar).
a) Why is sucrose not recommended for diabetics?
b) Why would diabetics be urged to avoid foods that are high in starch?
Answer: a) In the small intestine, sucrose will quickly be converted to glucose and fructose by
sucrase. The active transport of glucose will yield a sharp increase in blood glucose.
b) Starch is a polymer of glucose. Although starch is digested more slowly than sucrose, it will
still yield an increase in blood sugar.
Chapter Section: 9.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Learning Outcome: 9.1
Global LO: G5
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