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Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Katey would often compensate for mood changes by ____ and ____.
d. complaining; vacationing
a. melancholy.
b. euphoria.
c. dysthymia.
d. depression.
a. temporary; constant
b. stressful; calming
c. common; uncommon
d. lingering; ongoing
4. John believes that he is especially powerful or talented when this is not actually true. He is
experiencing
a. depression.
b. psychosis.
c. grandiosity.
d. hallucinations.
ANS: C DIF: easy REF: p. 173 OBJ: normal mood changes
MSC: TYPE: application
5. When a person's depression or mania becomes so severe that it interferes with daily functioning they
could be diagnosed with a(n)
a. anxiety disorder.
b. depressive disorder.
c. mood disorder.
d. antisocial personality.
ANS: C DIF: easy REF: p. 173 OBJ: mood disorders and suicide
MSC: TYPE: factual
a. unipolar
b. bipolar
c. bipolar
d. tertiary
ANS: A DIF: easy REF: p. 173 OBJ: mood disorders and suicide
MSC: TYPE: factual
7. Depression and mania can occur in the same individual. When this happens they are diagnosed as a
c. anxiety disorder.
d. depressive disorder.
ANS: B DIF: easy REF: p. 173 OBJ: mood disorders and suicide
KEY: WWW MSC: TYPE: factual
8. A period of time, typically at least two weeks but usually longer, where a person experiences sad or
empty moods most of the day, nearly every day, is
c. hypersomnia.
d. unipolar disorder.
c. their memory.
10. Since Samuel has experienced very sad moods and a feeling of emptiness for periods of two weeks and
longer, this problem would be considered a
a. appetite.
b. weight.
c. sleep.
12. A key characteristic of a major depressive episode is a feeling of ____, or trouble gathering energy.
a. slowness
b. euphoria
c. incapacitation
d. retardation
d. individualized altogether.
ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: pp. 174-175 OBJ: major depressive episode
MSC: TYPE: factual
15. By the time Karen Gormandy was age 12, she was no longer the wild child formerly referred to as the
a. Queen of Play.
b. Queen of Energy.
c. Wild Child.
d. Queen of Hyperactivity.
16. People experiencing a major depressive episode tend to feel worthless and guilty about many things,
including
c. family events.
d. neighborhood events.
17. The most serious symptom of a major depressive episode is thoughts or ideas about ____ or ____.
a. academic failure; institutionalization
d. commitment; relationships
d. melancholia.
a. long-lasting depression.
b. extensive depression.
c. unipolar depression.
d. bipolar depression.
20. Bizarre ideas or hearing voices that are not real are referred to as
a. psychiatric dimensions.
b. dementia.
c. psychotic features.
d. psychoactive hypnosis.
21. In major depressive disorder, symptoms may be ____ or they may be ____.
a. short-term; long-term
b. chronic; postpartum
c. psychoactive; dysthymic
d. neonatal; acute
22. Depression in some people occurs more in fall or winter months, a condition called
b. postpartum depression.
a. seasonal depression.
b. childbirth depression.
c. sensational depression.
d. postpartum depression.
24. A disorder that is similar to major depression and involves chronic feelings of depression for at least
two years is
a. dysthymic disorder.
25. The presence of dysthymia and a major depressive episode at the same time is
a. double jeopardy.
b. depression comorbidity.
c. double depression.
d. hypersensitivity depression.
26. A period of time during which a person feels highly euphoric or extremely irritable is
a. mania.
b. hyperactivity.
c. hyposomnia.
d. hyperirritability.
ANS: A DIF: easy REF: p. 179 OBJ: manic and mixed episodes
MSC: TYPE: factual
27. Severe problems in functioning at school or work can result from extreme ____ that many people
experience during a manic episode.
a. distractibility.
b. contrast.
c. depression.
d. anxiety.
ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: p. 179 OBJ: manic and mixed episodes
MSC: TYPE: factual
28. During a manic episode when highly euphoric, if someone feels as though they can do something
impossible, it is called
a. delusional.
b. irrational fantasy.
c. grandiosity.
d. unbounded belief.
ANS: C DIF: easy REF: p. 179 OBJ: manic and mixed episodes
MSC: TYPE: factual
ANS: B DIF: easy REF: p. 180 OBJ: manic and mixed episodes
MSC: TYPE: factual
30. Wayne experiences one or more manic or mixed episodes whereby he alternates between episodes of
major depression and mania. He most likely has
a. borderline personality.
b. bipolar I disorder.
c. bipolar II disorder.
31. Some people with bipolar disorder experience ____, which means they frequently switch from
depression to mania and back again with little or no period of abnormal mood.
a. bipolar change
b. manic cycling
c. rapid cycling
d. continuous cycling
32. Individuals with changes in mood toward depression or mania occurring almost daily for a certain
period of time, especially in women, have
a. rapid cycling.
b. continuous cycling.
c. bipolar cycling.
d. manic-depressive cycling.
a. hypermania episode.
b. hypomanic episode.
c. hypermanic episode.
d. hypo-polar episode.
34. An episode that comprises the same symptoms as a manic episode but may not cause severe
impairment in daily functioning is a
a. hypermania episode.
b. hypomaniac episode.
c. hypermaniac episode.
d. hypo-polar episode.
ANS: B DIF: easy REF: p. 181 OBJ: hypomanic episodes
MSC: TYPE: factual
35. Jan has episodes of hypomania that alternate with episodes of major depression. She is most likely
experiencing
a. bipolar I disorder.
b. bipolar II disorder.
36. People with ____ do not have full-blown episodes of depression, mania, or hypomania, but the
symptoms of hypomania and depression have lasted over at least a two year period.
a. hypomania type I
b. bipolar type I
c. cyclothymia
d. borderline type I
37. Sharon has been experiencing thoughts about death, killing herself, funerals, and other morbid ideas
related to her death. Her therapist indicates that she is experiencing
a. suicide.
b. parasuicidal behavior.
c. suicidal ideation.
d. suicide attempt.
38. Paul has been repeatedly cutting himself and occasionally burning himself with a lighter. He is
demonstrating
a. attempted suicide.
b. parasuicidal behavior.
c. suicidal ideation.
d. attention-getting behavior.
39. Thinking about suicide but not necessarily being driven toward the act is
a. morbid curiosity.
b. suicidal fantasy.
c. suicidal ideation.
d. death wish.
40. When a person feels oppressed by society and believes that his or her only means of escape is through
death, he or she may be predisposed to
a. altruistic suicide.
b. fatalistic suicide.
c. egotistical suicide.
d. anomic suicide.
41. When a soldier sacrifices their life to save their comrades they have committed
a. altruistic suicide.
b. fatalistic suicide.
c. egoistic suicide.
d. anomic suicide.
a. 6.16
b. 1.66
c. 16.6
d. 61.6
a. 2.5
b. 1.0
c. 2.0
d. 5.2
a. menopause.
b. adolescence.
c. pregnancy.
d. senility.
45. Adolescent and adult females are depressed at ____ the rate of males.
a. one half
b. one fourth
c. three times
d. twice
47. Severe depression and dysthymia are highly comorbid with many other mental disorders, particularly
a. anxiety.
b. personality disorders.
c. substance abuse.
d. all of the above are often comorbid with depression and dysthymia.
48. A controversial condition that refers to depressive symptoms which occur during most menstrual
cycles in the past year is
a. post-menstrual dysphoria.
c. post-menstrual disorder.
d. premenstrual disorder.
49. Shortly after the birth of Pat’s daughter she experienced a major depressive episode that was referred
to as
a. post-menstrual depression.
b. pre-partum depression.
c. postpartum depression.
50. A severe condition that affects about 13% of women after they give birth is called
a. hormonal mood syndrome.
c. postpartum depression.
51. Compared to ____, Caribbean and African American groups are less likely to experience depression
but more likely to experience psychotic symptoms prior to mania.
a. white Americans
b. Hispanic Americans
c. white Europeans
d. Hispanic Europeans
52. Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death overall, third among adults, and is quite common among the
elderly.
a. top
b. second
c. eighth
d. fifth
b. suffocation.
c. poisoning.
55. Compared to United States, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, China, and Canada, suicide rates are highest in
a. Eastern Europe.
b. Western Europe.
c. Southern Europe.
d. Northern Europe.
56. Generally speaking, women ____ suicide ____ often than men.
a. attempt; more
b. attempt; less
c. complete; more
d. complete; as
a. unrelated.
58. African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific islanders tend to have the ____ rates of suicide.
a. highest
b. lowest
c. middle
d. top
c. men; women
d. women; men
60. About ____ to ____ percent of individuals with acute depression also have suicidal ideation.
a. 10; 20
b. 30; 40
c. 60; 70
d. 90; 100
61. Twin studies suggest that mood disorders have a ____ basis.
a. psychogenic
b. psychoactive
c. genetic
d. biogeneric
62. Several genes for depression have been implicated, especially those on chromosome ____ that may be
involved with serotonin.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 17
d. 21
d. based on instability.
64. Those with mood disorder often show a(n) ____ activity in the ____ brain areas.
a. increased; overall
b. average; mid
65. Brain circuit functioning problems between depression and bipolar are
b. virtually identical.
d. variable by individual.
66. The amygdala, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and anterior cingulated cortex are all implicated in
a. personality disorders.
b. mood disorders.
c. schizophrenia.
d. anxiety disorders.
ANS: B DIF: easy REF: pp. 190-191 OBJ: biological risk factors
MSC: TYPE: factual
67. People with bipolar disorder have reduced levels of ____ but higher than normal levels of ____.
a. serotonin; norepinephrine
b. norepinephrine; serotonin
c. epinephrine; serotonin
d. serotonin; epinephrine
68. People with severe depression and cognitive deficits such as memory problems often have increased
levels of
a. cortisone.
b. epinephrine.
c. cortisol.
d. norepinephrine.
69. A key thyroid hormone that interacts significantly with serotonin and works well with antidepressants
to relieve depression is
a. thyroxine.
b. thyrodine.
c. triiodothyronine.
d. trithyroxine.
70. People with depression move to which stage of sleep more quickly than normal?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. REM
a. circadian rhythms.
b. ultradian rhythms.
c. infradian rhythms.
d. sleep-wake rhythms.
72. What percent of women with depression experienced a recent severe negative life event or major
difficulty compared to those without depression?
a. 10
b. 50
c. 75
d. 84
74. When cognitive factors are examined in mood disorders and designated as being about oneself, the
world, and the future, this is called the
c. attribution theory.
a. severity; meaning
b. duration; type
76. An environmental risk factor closely related to mood disorders is negative thought patterns, or
a. automatic thoughts.
b. hopefulness theory.
c. cognitive distortions.
d. delusions.
77. People with depression often develop overly distorted, pessimistic views of themselves, the world
around them, and their future. This is the
78. A cognitive theory of depression that is referred to as ____ focuses on attitudes people make about an
event.
a. cognitive theory
d. hopelessness theory
a. exothermic
b. exogenous
c. interpersonal
d. internal
a. psychosocial depression.
c. exogenous depression.
d. endogenic depression.
81. Children of parents with a mood disorder have ____mood disorders themselves compared to the
general population.
a. more
b. less
82. Genetics may play a role in elevated mood disorder frequency for children of mood disordered parents,
but
— Lihapalleroita!
Oikein mieliruokaa.
*****
Joku kysyi, miksi hän siinä seisoi? Hän sanoi syyksi mitä
milloinkin. Luokkahuoneet täyttyivät, melu nousi, kustakin luokasta
kuului erilaista mellakkaa.
— Minne — — —
— No, sitten olet oikeassa — ei sitä voi enää etsiä! Saat ostaa
itsellesi uuden.
Eihän tuo niin kovin vaikeaakaan ollut, piti vaan lukea ahkerasti
kotona.
Oi, jos rehtori olisi tiennyt hänen valehtelevan, että kirje oli
poltettu, eikä isä saanut nähdäkään sitä!
Mahdotonta.
*****
— Kandidaatti Winther.
— Kyllä.
Mutta hän oli ollut niin kankeasti peloissaan silloin, eikä hän voinut
tietää, mitä siinä olikaan!
Pahinta oli se, että kotona laskettavien esimerkkien piti olla oikein
joka kerta. Nehän opettaja Winther oli tarkastanut! Koulussa
suoritettavat esimerkit ja muut tehtävät ja jokapäiväiset läksyt kyllä
selviäisivät.
Mutta hän ei tullut sitä tehneeksi. Antti Bech oli niin avonainen,
suora ja rehti poika — hänelle ei sopinut kertoa poltetusta kirjeestä,
valheesta, eikä muusta halpamaisuudesta.
Yksin hän siis kantoi kaiken. Sekin tuntui pahalta, että isäkin oli
tavallansa sekoitettu hänen asioihinsa; olisihan hänen pitänyt saada
rehtorin kirje. Joka ilta, kun isä ja äiti tulivat kävelyltä illallisen
jälkeen, oli Mikko Tiukkatuulen vatsa kipeä pelosta, ja hän tarkasti ja
vilkkui isiinsä kasvoja — oliko hän mahdollisesti tavannut rehtorin ja
puhe ollut kirjeestä.
Joka aamu, joka tunti koulussa vaivasi häntä tuo ainainen pelko.
Jos rehtori sattui tulemaan sisään tunnin kuluessa, jähmistyi hän
kauhusta ja pelko sävähti kuin leimaus hänen lävitsensä — nyt voisi
tulla hänen vuoronsa — kirje, opettaja Winther, Antti Bechin vihko…
— E — enhän minä!
— — - Neljä viikkoa oli kulunut näin; nyt oli perjantai. Kun Antti
Bech ja Mikko Tiukkatuuli menivät yhdessä kotiin, niinkuin heidän
tapansa oli ollut viime aikoina, sanoi Antti Bech:
No, sehän oli yhdentekevä, tietysti! Oli kiire, eikä hän joutunut
enää etsimään omaa vihkoaan!
Niin nopeaan, kuin kynästä irti pääsi, jäljensi hän, ja ennen kuin
kello löi kahdeksan, oli kaikki valmiina, uusi lappu Antin vihossa ja
molemmat, Simo Selmerin ja Antin, vihot tallessa opettajan
pöytälaatikossa.
— Minä olin.
Äkkiä Antti Bech nousi reippaasti, Hän heitti päätään, se oli hänen
tapansa — melkein uhallisesti:
— Minä koetin kauan olla uskomatta. Minusta oli kovin ikävää, että
sinä Antti olit käyttänyt Simo Selmerin vihkoa — mutta kun sinä nyt
valehtelet, on se minusta paljon, paljon ikävämpää. Istu, poikaseni!
Sitten Lange jakoi vihot kaikille ympäri luokkaa. Ja jokaiselle, kellä
vaan virhe oli, osoitti hän sen ja selitti. Hän ei enää ollut
huomaavinaan Antti Bechiä, joka hetken kuluttua otti vihkonsa
lattialta ja istui tarkastamaan omaa laskuaan.
— Niin, minä olen nytkin antanut sinulle 1, minä otaksun, että sinä
itsekin olet tehnyt työtä laskujeni suorituksessa!
Opettaja Lange poistui.
Kun opettaja Lange oli saanut jaettua kaikki vihot, alkoi hän
kuulustella. Ensiksi kysyi hän Simo Selmeriltä.
Kun soitettiin, menivät pojat kovin sävyisästi ulos. Antti Bech kulki
muiden keskellä, mutta toiset ikäänkuin väistyivät hänen tieltään.
Luokassa oli kaksi puoluetta, toinen oli Antti Bechin ja toinen Simo
Selmerin; vanhoista ajoista oli ollut niin. Tietysti oli luokalla
sellaisiakin, jotka eivät kuuluneet mihinkään puolueeseen. Noilla
kahdella oli kumminkin joukkonsa.
Antin oli pienempi. Hän oli pohjaltaan ylpeä, Antti Bech. Ainakin oli
hyvin vaikea saada häntä myöntymään petoksiin tai muihin sellaisiin.
— No, mitä?
— Hyvä mies, älä nyt noin kauhistu! Kai sinä tiedät, etten minä ole
pettänyt ja jäljentänyt — Kilvoittelijaa!
— En.
— Vai niin!